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Wu X, Ma GL, Chen HW, Zhao ZY, Zhu ZP, Xiong J, Yang GX, Hu JF. Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of the preferred fractions and compounds from Euphorbia humifusa (herba euphorbiae humifusae) against Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116177. [PMID: 36681167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia humifusa Willd., known as Di-Jin-Cao in Chinese, has long been utilized as a traditional herb for the treatment of furuncles and carbuncles mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. Despite extensive chemical and pharmacological studies reported previously for E. humifusa, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. aureus as well as the related mechanism of action (MoA) remain largely obscure. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the preferred fractions and compounds from E. humifusa against S. aureus and assess the associated MoA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bioactive fractions and compounds were obtained from the 75% ethanol extract of E. humifusa (75%-EEEH) with the assistance of the related antibacterial and antibiofilm screening. Their antibacterial activities were determined using the broth microdilution method, whilst the inhibition of biofilm formation and the disruption of preformed biofilm were assessed by crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). To achieve more effective therapies, the combinatory effects of different components were also studied. The biofilm metabolic activities of isolated compounds were evaluated by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were employed to explore the antibiofilm mechanism. RESULTS Fractions DJC06 and DJC07 collected from the ethyl acetate extract of the 75%-EEEH exhibited antibacterial activity (MIC = 256 μg/mL) against S. aureus and further separation of these two fractions led to the isolation and characterization of 22 compounds. Among the isolates, luteolin (LU), quercetin (QU), and kaempferol (KA) are the verified components associated with the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities by displaying individual or combinational MIC values of 8-128 μg/mL and 70.9-99.7% inhibition for biofilm formation. Importantly, QU and KA can work in synergy with LU to significantly enhance the efficacy via destroying cell integrity, increasing membrane permeability, and down-regulating the biofilm-related gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The preferred fractions and compounds from E. humifusa exerted desired antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against S. aureus via a MoA involving cell morphology disruption and altered genes expression. The findings herein not only support its traditional use in the treatment of furuncles and carbuncles, but reveal E. humifusa is a potential source for producing promising antibiofilm alternatives against S. aureus and highlight the isolated components (LU, QU, KA) that can potentiate the efficacy when used in synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Wu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, 318000, China; Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Guang-Lei Ma
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao-Wei Chen
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, 318000, China; Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, 318000, China; Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zi-Ping Zhu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guo-Xun Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, 318000, China; Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wu D, Li X, Shen QK, Zhang RH, Xu Q, Sang XT, Huang X, Zhang CH, Quan ZS, Cao LH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of dehydroabietic acid derivative as potent vasodilatory agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106110. [PMID: 36087551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using dehydroabietic acid as the lead compound for structural modification, 25 dehydroabietic acid derivatives were synthesized. Among them, compound D1 not only showed the strongest relaxation effect on the aortic vascular ring in vitro (Emax = 99.5 ± 2.1%, EC50 = 3.03 ± 0.96 µM), but also significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in rats at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg in vivo. Next, the vascular protective effect of the best active D1 and its molecular mechanism were further investigated by HUVECs. The results showed that D1 induced endothelium-dependent diastole in the rat thoracic aorta in a concentration-dependent manner. Endothelium removal or aortic ring pretreatment with NG-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), and tetraethylammonium (TEA) significantly inhibited D1-induced relaxation. In addition, wortmannin, KT5823, triciribine, diltiazem, BaCl2, 4-aminopyridine, indomethacin, propranolol, and atropine attenuated D1-induced vasorelaxation. D1 increased the phosphorylation of eNOS in HUVECs Furthermore, D1 attenuated the expression of TNF-α-induced cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. However, this effect was attenuated by the eNOS inhibitors l-NAME and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). The findings suggest that D1-induced vasorelaxation through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO/cGMP/PKG pathway by activating the KCa, Kir and KV channels or muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors, and inhibiting the l-type Ca2+ channels, which is closely related to the hypotensive action of the agent. Furthermore, D1 exhibits an inhibitory effect on vascular inflammation, which is associated with the observed vascular protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Run-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Sang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Chang-Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Li-Hua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
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Mechanisms involved in the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory effect of an ethyl acetate fraction of Cyathea phalerata Mart. in isolated rats’ aorta rings. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:360-365. [PMID: 32695653 PMCID: PMC7365778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Cyathea phalerata Mart. is a tree fern, commonly known as “xaxim”, which is found in tropical and subtropical areas of Brazil. The present study investigated the mechanisms related with the vasorelaxant effects of an Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) obtained from C. phalerata in rats’ thoracic aorta rings. In pre-contracted vessels, EAF (0.1–1000 μg/mL) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation. The endothelium denudation, the nitric oxide (NO) synthase and guanylyl cyclase inhibitor reduced the vasodilation, indicating the participation of NO/cGMP pathway in its effect. The relaxation of EAF was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and was significantly decreased in the presence of Ca2+ entry blocker, suggesting that Ca2+ influx plays an important role in EAF effect and probably in eNOS activity. However, the PI3K/Akt pathway is not responsible for eNOS phosphorylation/activation. The vasodilator effect of EAF was partially inhibited by KCl 40 mM and almost totally abolished with L-NOARG + KCl 40 mM, indicating also the role of hyperpolarization in its effect. Calcium activated K+ channels are not involved in the EAF-induced hyperpolarization. The COX inhibitor, indomethacin, slightly reduced the vasodilation induced by EAF. In addition, EAF did not alter the relaxant effects of NO-donor, indicating that the relaxant activity cannot be attributed to free radical-scavenging properties. In conclusion, the present study showed that the EAF, causes an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect in aorta that mainly involves the NO-cGMP pathway, hyperpolarization and prostanoids. The vasorelaxant activity of EAF can be attributed to the occurrence of polyphenol compounds. An ethyl acetate fraction obtained from Cyathea phalerata induces vasodilatation. EAF induced relaxation by an endothelium-dependent mechanism. EAF increases the NO production and hyperpolarization that evoke vasodilation.
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Badran A, Baydoun E, Samaha A, Pintus G, Mesmar J, Iratni R, Issa K, Eid AH. Marjoram Relaxes Rat Thoracic Aorta Via a PI3-K/eNOS/cGMP Pathway. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060227. [PMID: 31212721 PMCID: PMC6627793 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite pharmacotherapeutic advances, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the primary cause of global mortality. Alternative approaches, such as herbal medicine, continue to be sought to reduce this burden. Origanum majorana is recognized for many medicinal values, yet its vasculoprotective effects remain poorly investigated. Here, we subjected rat thoracic aortae to increasing doses of an ethanolic extract of Origanum majorana (OME). OME induced relaxation in a dose-dependent manner in endothelium-intact rings. This relaxation was significantly blunted in denuded rings. N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) significantly reduced the OME-induced vasorelaxation. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were also increased by OME. Moreover, wortmannin or LY294002 significantly reduced OME-induced vasorelaxation. Blockers of ATP-sensitive or Ca2+-activated potassium channels such as glibenclamide or tetraethylamonium (TEA), respectively, did not significantly affect OME-induced relaxation. Similarly, verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and pyrilamine, a H1 histamine receptor blocker, did not significantly modulate the observed relaxation. Taken together, our results show that OME induces vasorelaxation via an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/ endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)/cGMP pathway. Our findings further support the medicinal value of marjoram and provide a basis for its beneficial intake. Although consuming marjoram may have an antihypertensive effect, further studies are needed to better determine its effects in different vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman, P.O. Box 961343 Amman 11196, Jordan.
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
| | - Ali Samaha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, P.O. Box: 146404 Mazraa, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Public Health IV, Lebanese University, Beirut, P.O. Box 6573/14 Badaro, Lebanon.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Joelle Mesmar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khodr Issa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
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de Carvalho EF, Nunes AF, Silva NCB, da Silva Gomes JP, de Sousa RP, Silva VG, Nunes PHM, Santos RF, Chaves MH, Oliveira AP, Oliveira RCM. Terminalia fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. elicits vasorelaxation of rat thoracic aorta through nitric oxide and K + channels dependent mechanism. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.035238. [PMID: 30683674 PMCID: PMC6398462 DOI: 10.1242/bio.035238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminalia fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae) is a plant commonly found in the regions of the Brazilian cerrado, popularly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. There are no reports in the literature on the use of T. fagifolia for the treatment of the cardiovascular system conditions. Nevertheless, plants of the same genus, such as Terminaliaarjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn and Terminaliasuperba Engler & Diels, present cardioprotective, hypotensive and vasodilatating effects. In light of this, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract (Tf-EE) and of its aqueous (Tf-AQF), hexanic (Tf-HEXF) and hydroethanolic (Tf-HAF) partition fractions obtained from the stem bark of T.fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. The effects of the extract and partition fractions of T. fagifolia were evaluated on isometric tensions in the thoracic aorta rings of Wistar rats (250–300 g). Tf-EE, Tf-HEXF and Tf-HAF presented a concentration-dependent vasorelaxant effect, and Tf-AQF presented a vasorelaxant effect that was more potent in the presence of endothelium. The relaxation curves of the aorta promoted by the fraction investigated were attenuated in the presence of the following pharmacological tools: L-NAME, ODQ or PTIO. The vasorelaxant effect of the aorta promoted by Tf-AQF was attenuated in the presence of TEA and 4-AP. Tf-EE induced a concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation. Tf-HAF and Tf-HEXF presented concentration-dependent and vascular-endothelium-independent vasorelaxation, but did not obtain 100% of relaxation. On the other hand, Tf-AQF presented concentration-dependent vasorelaxation that was more potent in aorta rings with vascular endothelium. The relaxant mechanism induced by the Tf-AQF involves the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway and channels Kv. Summary: The investigation of the relaxing effect of extract and fractions of the stem bark partition of Terminalia fagifolia on aortic rings is a pioneering study involving the participation of K+ channels, which demonstrates a potential alternative therapeutic method for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuella F de Carvalho
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - André F Nunes
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Náiguel C B Silva
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Renato P de Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Valdelânia G Silva
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Paulo H M Nunes
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Rosimeire F Santos
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Mariana H Chaves
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Aldeidia P Oliveira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Rita C M Oliveira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil .,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Cha JY, Jeon YD, Xin M, Kim DK, Lee HY, Kim BR, Hwang SW, Kim DK, Jin JS, Lee YM. Anti-inflammatory effect of Euphorbia supina extract in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:2178-2185. [PMID: 28958181 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1373590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of Euphorbia supina (ES) ethanol extract in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis model. ES was per orally administered at different doses of 4 or 20 mg/kg body weight with 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Twenty mg/kg of ES administration regulated body weight decrease, recovered colon length shortening, and increased disease activity index score and myeloperoxidase level in DSS-induced colitis. Histological features showed that 20 mg/kg of ES administration suppressed edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of crypts induced by DSS. Furthermore, ES suppressed the expressions of COX-2, iNOS, NF-kB, IkBα, pIkBα in colon tissue. These findings demonstrated a possible effect of amelioration of ulcerative colitis and could be clinically applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Cha
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Wonkwang Oriental Medicine Research Institute, Wonkwang University , Iksan , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Jeon
- b Department of Oriental Medicine Resources , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Mingjie Xin
- c EastHill Co ., Gwonseon-gu, Suwon , Gyoenggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kuk Kim
- d National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science , RDA , Jeonju , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon-Yeon Lee
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Wonkwang Oriental Medicine Research Institute, Wonkwang University , Iksan , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Wonkwang Oriental Medicine Research Institute, Wonkwang University , Iksan , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Hwang
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Wonkwang Oriental Medicine Research Institute, Wonkwang University , Iksan , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- e Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Science , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Jin
- b Department of Oriental Medicine Resources , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Wonkwang Oriental Medicine Research Institute, Wonkwang University , Iksan , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
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Gao S, Sun D, Wang G, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Li G, Zhang K, Wang L, Huang J, Chen L. Growth inhibitory effect of paratocarpin E, a prenylated chalcone isolated from Euphorbia humifusa Wild., by induction of autophagy and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2016; 69:121-128. [PMID: 27814565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Five flavones, including four flavonoids and one prenylated chalcone (paratocarpin E), were isolated from E. humifusa. and their chemical structures were established by spectroscopic analyses. We assessed the efficacy of these compounds against the growth of human breast cancer, leukemic, kidney cancer cell lines. Among them, paratocarpin E showed significant cytotoxicity against these cancer cell lines with an IC50 of 19.6μM on the growth of MCF-7 cells. Paratocarpin E treatment of MCF-7 cells resulted in typical apoptotic features via increasing expression of activated caspase-8 and -9 and PARP cleavage. Moreover, paratocarpin E altered the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, leading to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, suggesting that the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis was initiated. In addition, paratocarpin E increased the MDC-positive autophagic vacuoles, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I protein levels of Beclin-1, but decreased p62 expression, indicating the potent pro-autophagic effects of paratocarpin E in MCF-7 cells. Mechanistically, cell death induced by paratocarpin E is able to induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by activating p38 and JNK signaling pathway while inhibiting Erk pathway. Furthermore, paratocarpin E promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which plays an important role in balancing paratocarpin E-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. The molecular docking study also revealed that paratocarpin E bound to Fas and NF-κB complex. These findings provide initial evidences that paratocarpin E can be used as a potential anti-cancer drug in future for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Gao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Jiang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Euphorbia humifusa Willd exerts inhibition of breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis through inhibition of TNFα-induced MMP-9 expression. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:413. [PMID: 27776550 PMCID: PMC5078950 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy in women worldwide. Euphorbia humifusa Willd (EuH) is a plant that is widely used as a traditional medicine. However, no systemic studies on the anti-cancer effects of EuH have been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-metastatic effect of the EuH. Methods Ethyl acetate fraction was prepared from EuH methanol extracts (EA/EuH). Inhibitory effect of EA/EuH on cell migration was determined using an in vitro scratch-wound healing assay. The anti-invasive activity was determined by in vitro three-dimensional spheroid culture system and in vivo syngenic experimental lung metastasis experiment. Gene expression profiles were analyzed by using RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and luciferase reporter assay systems. Results Ethyl acetate fraction from the EuH extract (EA/EuH) inhibited the migration and invasive capabilities of highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and attenuated syngeneic lung metastasis of mouse 4 T1 breast cancer cells in vivo. Mechanistically, EA/EuH decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 mRNA expression through the inhibition of NF-κB activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion EuH may be beneficial in the prevention of invasion and metastasis of early stage breast cancer and can be served as an anti-metastatic agent or adjuvant therapy against metastatic breast cancer.
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Kim CG, Lim Y, Lee YH, Shin SY. Effect of Euphorbia humifusa Willd extract on the amelioration of innate immune responses. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Overview of Antagonists Used for Determining the Mechanisms of Action Employed by Potential Vasodilators with Their Suggested Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2016; 21:495. [PMID: 27092479 PMCID: PMC6274436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper is a review on the types of antagonists and the signaling mechanism pathways that have been used to determine the mechanisms of action employed for vasodilation by test compounds. Thus, we exhaustively reviewed and analyzed reports related to this topic published in PubMed between the years of 2010 till 2015. The aim of this paperis to suggest the most appropriate type of antagonists that correspond to receptors that would be involved during the mechanistic studies, as well as the latest signaling pathways trends that are being studied in order to determine the route(s) that atest compound employs for inducing vasodilation. The methods to perform the mechanism studies were included. Fundamentally, the affinity, specificity and selectivity of the antagonists to their receptors or enzymes were clearly elaborated as well as the solubility and reversibility. All the signaling pathways on the mechanisms of action involved in the vascular tone regulation have been well described in previous review articles. However, the most appropriate antagonists that should be utilized have never been suggested and elaborated before, hence the reason for this review.
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Anwar MA, Al Disi SS, Eid AH. Anti-Hypertensive Herbs and Their Mechanisms of Action: Part II. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:50. [PMID: 27014064 PMCID: PMC4782109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has a history extending back to thousands of years, and during the intervening time, man has identified the healing properties of a very broad range of plants. Globally, the use of herbal therapies to treat and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the rise. This is the second part of our comprehensive review where we discuss the mechanisms of plants and herbs used for the treatment and management of high blood pressure. Similar to the first part, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were utilized, and the following keywords and phrases were used as inclusion criteria: hypertension, high blood pressure, herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, endothelial cells, nitric oxide (NO), vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), oxidative stress, and epigenetics/epigenomics. Each of the aforementioned keywords was co-joined with plant or herb in question, and where possible with its constituent molecule(s). This part deals in particular with plants that are used, albeit less frequently, for the treatment and management of hypertension. We then discuss the interplay between herbs/prescription drugs and herbs/epigenetics in the context of this disease. The review then concludes with a recommendation for more rigorous, well-developed clinical trials to concretely determine the beneficial impact of herbs and plants on hypertension and a disease-free living.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara S Al Disi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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Wang S, Liang H, Zhao Y, Wang G, Yao H, Kasimu R, Wu Z, Li Y, Huang J, Wang J. New triterpenoids from the latex of Euphorbia resinifera Berg. Fitoterapia 2016; 108:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Huo L, Zhang J, Qu Z, Chen H, Li Y, Gao W. Vasorelaxant effects of Shunaoxin pill are mediated by NO/cGMP pathway, HO/CO pathway and calcium channel blockade in isolated rat thoracic aorta. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:352-360. [PMID: 26239154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shunaoxin pill (SNX), one of the famous classical recipes in traditional Chinese medicine, is developed from the "Decoction of Xionggui". It has been used for treatment of cerebrovascular related diseases. It is well known that vasodilatation plays a very important role in cerebrovascular diseases. The effect of SNX on vasorelaxant activity has not yet been explored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of SNX on isolated rat thoracic aorta so as to assess some of the possible mechanisms. We also investigate the gasotransmitter signaling pathway involved which has been rarely reported in isolated rat thoracic aorta before. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to examine the vasodilative activity of SNX and its mechanisms in isolated rat thoracic aorta. MATERIALS AND METHODS SNX was studied on isolated rat thoracic aorta in vitro, including endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings. In present study, specific inhibitors including soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor 1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (INDO), NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor zinc-protoporphyrin (ZnPP), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) inhibitor DL-Propargylglycine (PAG), non-selective K(+) channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), KV channel inhibitor 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), and KATP channel inhibitor Glibenclamide (Gli) were used, they were added 20min before NE contraction and then added SNX to induce vasodilation. RESULTS Removal of endothelium or pretreatment of aortic rings (intact endothelium) with L-NAME, ODQ or ZnPP significantly blocked SNX-induced relaxation. Pretreatment with the non-selective K(+) channel inhibitor TEA, KV channel inhibitor 4-AP or the KATP channel inhibitor Gli, none of them had influences on the SNX-induced response (p>0.05). Besides, SNX inhibited the contraction triggered by NE in endothelium-denuded rings in Ca(2+)-free medium. SNX also produced rightward parallel displacement of CaCl2 curves. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SNX can induce less endothelium-dependent and more endothelium-independent vascular relaxation. The NO/cGMP and HO/CO pathways, blockade of Ca(2+) channels are inhibition of IP3R mediated Ca(2+) mobilization from intracellular stores, are likely involved in this relaxation. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of combined compositions in SNX await further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Huo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China; Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Qu Z, Zhang J, Huo L, Chen H, Li H, Fan Y, Gao W. Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of Rhizoma corydalis and its active component tetrahydropalmatine via NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channel blockade in isolated rat thoracic aorta. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasorelaxant effects of RC and THPviathe NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channel blockade in isolated rat thoracic aorta are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Qu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy
- Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury
- Tianjin 300162
- China
| | - Liqin Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy
- Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury
- Tianjin 300162
- China
| | - Hongfa Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yaya Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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Qu Z, Zhang J, Gao W, Chen H, Guo H, Wang T, Li H, Liu C. Vasorelaxant effects of Cerebralcare Granule® are mediated by NO/cGMP pathway, potassium channel opening and calcium channel blockade in isolated rat thoracic aorta. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:572-579. [PMID: 24924524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebralcare Granule (CG), one of the famous classical recipes in traditional Chinese medicine, is developed from the "Decoction of Four Drugs". It has been used for treatment of cerebrovascular related diseases, such as hypertension. It is well known that vasodilatation plays a very important role in hypertensive. Despite the popular medicinal use of CG, little data was available to its activity and mechanism involved in vasodilatation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of CG on isolated rat thoracic aorta so as to assess some of the possible mechanisms. The present study was performed to examine the vasodilative activity of CG and its mechanisms in isolated rat thoracic aorta. MATERIALS AND METHODS CG was studied on isolated rat thoracic aorta in vitro, including endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings. In present study, specific inhibitors including NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (INDO), non-selective K+ channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), Kir channel inhibitor BaCl2, KATP channel inhibitor Glibenclamide (Gli) and cholinergic receptor antagonist atropine were used, they were added 20 min before NE contraction and then added CG-induced vasodilation. RESULTS Removal of endothelium or pretreatment of aortic rings (intact endothelium) with L-NAME (0.1 mM) or INDO (0.01 mM) significantly blocked the CG induced relaxation. Pretreatment with the non-selective K+ channel inhibitor TEA (1 mM), or the Kir channel inhibitor BaCl2 (0.1 mM), neither of them had no influence on the CG-induced response (p>0.05). However, pretreatment with the KATP channel inhibitor Gli (0.01 mM) produced significant inhibition on the CG-induced response (p<0.01). Besides, CG also inhibited the contraction triggered by NE in endothelium-denuded rings in Ca2+-free medium. CG (0.4, 0.8 and 3.2 mg/mL) produced rightward parallel displacement of CaCl2 curves and reduced the maximum contraction induced by 30 mM CaCl2 to 31.1±9.3%, 18.8±6.9% and 9.4±4.5%, respectively. The relaxation, induced by CG on endothelium-intact rat aortic rings pre-contracted with NE, was significantly attenuated in the presence of atropine (EC50=3.7 mg/mL, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CG induces relaxation in rat aortic rings through an endothelium-dependent pathway mediated by NO/cGMP pathway and an endothelium-independent pathway involving blockade of Ca2+ channels, inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores, opening of KATP channel. In addition, the muscarinic receptor stimulation is also one of the vasorelaxant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People׳s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People׳s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongfa Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China
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