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Ding XY, Wen JR, Lin WY, Huang GY, Feng Q, Duan L, Zhang SJ, Liu Z, Zhang RR, Wang Y. Phloroglucinol derivatives, coumarins and an alkaloid from the roots of Evodia lepta Merr. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113774. [PMID: 37400011 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Two previously undescribed phloroglucinol derivatives [(±) evolephloroglucinols A and B], five unusual coumarins [evolecoumarins A and B and (±) evolecoumarins C-E], and one novel enantiomeric quinoline-type alkaloid [(±) evolealkaloid A], along with 20 known compounds, were isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Evodia lepta Merr. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of the undescribed compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction or computational calculations. Their anti-neuroinflammatory effects were assayed. Among the identified compounds, compound 5a effectively reduced nitric oxide (NO) production with an EC50 value of 22.08 ± 0.46 μM. Hence, it could indeed inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ru Wen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen PY, Han LT. Study on the molecular mechanism of anti-liver cancer effect of Evodiae fructus by network pharmacology and QSAR model. Front Chem 2023; 10:1060500. [PMID: 36700075 PMCID: PMC9868320 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Evodiae Fructus (EF) is the dried, near ripe fruit of Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth in Rutaceae. Numerous studies have demonstrated its anti-liver cancer properties. However, the molecular mechanism of Evodiae fructus against liver cancer and its structure-activity connection still require clarification. Methods: We utilized network pharmacology and a QSAR (2- and 3-dimensional) model to study the anti-liver cancer effect of Evodiae fructus. First, by using network pharmacology to screen the active substances and targets of Evodiae fructus, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in the anti-liver cancer actions of Evodiae fructus. The 2D-QSAR pharmacophore model was then used to predict the pIC50 values of compounds. The hiphop method was used to create an ideal 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model for the prediction of Evodiae fructus compounds. Finally, molecular docking was used to validate the rationality of the pharmacophore, and molecular dynamics was used to disclose the stability of the compounds by assessing the trajectories in 10 ns using RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bonding metrics. Results: In total, 27 compounds were acquired from the TCMSP and TCM-ID databases, and 45 intersection targets were compiled using Venn diagrams. Network integration analysis was used in this study to identify SRC as a primary target. Key pathways were discovered by KEGG pathway analysis, including PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and ErbB signaling pathway. Using a 2D-QSAR pharmacophore model and the MLR approach to predict chemical activity, ten highly active compounds were found. Two hydrophobic features and one hydrogen bond acceptor feature in the 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model were validated by training set chemicals. The results of molecular docking revealed that 10 active compounds had better docking scores with SRC and were linked to residues via hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds. Molecular dynamics was used to show the structural stability of obacunone, beta-sitosterol, and sitosterol. Conclusion:Pharmacophore 01 has high selectivity and the ability to distinguish active and inactive compounds, which is the optimal model for this study. Obacunone has the optimal binding ability with SRC. The pharmacophore model proposed in this study provides theoretical support for further screening effective anti-cancer Chinese herbal compounds and optimizing the compound structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Tao Han
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Lin-Tao Han,
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Kakumu Y, Thi Nguyen MT, Mitsunaga T. Molecular networking-based discovery of anti-inflammatory chromene dimers from Melicope pteleifolia. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113322. [PMID: 35839858 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the aid of a feature-based molecular networking strategy, five undescribed C2 and C1 symmetric chromene dimers, namely, melptelchromenes A-E, were isolated from the leaves of Melicope pteleifolia. Four asymmetric dimers were found to be racemates and were resolved by chiral phase HPLC analyses. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by HRMS, NMR spectroscopy, and quantum mechanical calculations of ECD spectra and NMR chemical shifts. Melptelchromenes A-D possess a unique ethylidene linkage via two 2H-chromene cores, while melptelchromene E represents the first example of a dimeric chromene featuring a 1,3-diarylbutan-1-ol moiety. Of these compounds, 6,6'-linked dimeric chromenes showed nitric oxide inhibitory activities on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264 cells, and (-)- and (+)-melptelchromene E were the two most potent compounds (IC50, 3.0 and 5.1 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kakumu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Minh Tu Thi Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi, 11615, Viet Nam; New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tohru Mitsunaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Kim S, Yang W, Cha DS, Han YT. Synthesis of Evodileptin B, a Natural Anthranilate Derivative Isolated from Evodia lepta, and Evaluation of Its Therapeutic Potential against Parkinson's Disease. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100808. [PMID: 35307920 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Evodileptin B (1) is a natural anthranilate derivative isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Evodia lepta (Spreng.) Merr., a traditional medicinal plant of the family Rutaceae. We readily synthesized 1 via the amidation of phloretic with methyl anthranilate and evaluate its neuroprotective activity using a C. elegans Parkinson's disease (PD) model. The results showed that evodilpetin B ameliorated MPP+ -induced dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration in a dose-dependent manner. Evodileptin B treatment also significantly improved the DA neurotransmission-related behavioral defects such as reduced locomotory and food-sensing ability of worms under MPP+ exposure conditions, suggesting its potential application for the functional restoration of DA neurons. In addition, we found that 1 has an ability to regulate aggregation of α-synuclein by increasing proteasome activity in the human α-synuclein-expressing mutant worms. These results demonstrate that evodileptin B has strong neuroprotective properties and may be useful in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Wooin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, 443 Samnye-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Dong Seok Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, 443 Samnye-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Korea
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Xiong F, Liang HX, Zhang ZJ, Mahmud T, Chan ASC, Li X, Lan WJ. Characterization, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Oligosaccharides Isolated from Evodia lepta (Spreng) Merr. by Different Extraction Methods. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111842. [PMID: 34829713 PMCID: PMC8614670 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodia lepta (E. lepta) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. One of the active components of this widely used medicinal plant is believed to be an oligosaccharide. The extraction yields, structural characteristics, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of four oligosaccharide extracts obtained by hot water extraction (HEO), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UEO), enzyme-assisted (EEO), and microwave-assisted extraction (MEO) were investigated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the extraction methods had a difference on the molecular mass distribution, structure, and morphology of the EOs. In addition, HEO and MEO showed strong antioxidant activities, which might be related to their uronic acid and protein contents. More interestingly, MEO was more active toward MDA-MB-231 cells compared to other cells, and cell growth inhibition was proposed to occur through apoptosis. Overall, microwave-assisted extraction is a promising technique for the extraction of high quality EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
| | - Hui-Xian Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
| | - Zhi-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
| | - Taifo Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
| | - Xia Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guiling 541004, China;
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-3994-3042
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Xia L, Zhang B, Sun Y, Chen B, Yu Z. Analysis of Syk/PECAM-1 signaling pathway in low shear stress induced atherosclerosis based on ultrasound imaging. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 201:105953. [PMID: 33571923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Low shear stress (LSS) has been demonstrated to be involved in function of vascular endothelial cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that activation of Syk played an important in LSS-induced atherosclerosis via PECAM-1 signaling pathway. METHODS In vitro, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with parallel plate flow chamber system for 12h under normal shear stress (NSS, 15dyne/cm2), LSS (5dyne/cm2) and high shear stress (HSS, 25dyne/cm2), respectively, followed by inflammatory response analysis. In vivo, animal models of rat fed atherogenic diet were treated with LSS stimulation by constricting abdominal aorta with a blunted needle (0.6mm in diameter). The spatial distribution of WSS of blood vessels was generated by WSS quantitative analysis software through color Doppler flow imaging with a high-frequency small animal ultrasound system. Small molecule R406, a well-demonstrated Syk inhibitor, was applied to animals as well as HUVEC cells. RESULTS In vivo, comparison with the control group was performed, the mean value of WSS distribution of blood vessels was lower in LSS model rat. LSS promoted expression of phosphorylated PECAM-1 (p-PECAM-1) and Syk in LSS model rats. Compared with control group, endothelial cells of the abdominal aorta become less elongated and more polygonal in LSS group, and had a slender shape in LSS with R406 group. In vitro, LSS increased the expression of p-PECAM-1, Syk and NF-κB in HUVECs. Inhibition of Syk attenuated LSS-induced inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Activation of Syk resulted in LSS-induced inflammatory response via PECAM-1 signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Syk might be involved in morphological changes of ECs under the influence of LSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Xia
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bingguan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Huang GY, Cui H, Lu XY, Zhang LD, Ding XY, Wu JJ, Duan LX, Zhang SJ, Liu Z, Zhang RR. (+/-)-Dievodialetins A-G: Seven pairs of enantiomeric coumarin dimers with anti-acetylcholinesterase activity from the roots of Evodia lepta Merr. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 182:112597. [PMID: 33341030 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seven pairs of undescribed enantiomeric bis-coumarins, (±)-dievodialetins A-G, were separated from the roots of Evodia lepta Merr. Two coumarin nuclei were linked via a 1,4-dimethyl4-vinylcyclohexene moiety in (±)-dievodialetins C-G. The structures of the undescribed compounds, including their absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, X-ray diffraction, and computational calculations. In the biosynthetic pathways, these bis-coumarins were presumably derived from the precursors demethylsuberosin and 3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)umbelliferone via a [4 + 2] Diels-Alder reaction. Besides, all compounds exhibited neuroprotective effects by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.3 to 12.1 nM and they also suppressed oxidative stress (MDA and SOD) and neuroinflammation (IL-1β and IL-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yong Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cui
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Biological Resource Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Biological Resource Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Di Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Ding
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xin Duan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Biological Resource Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Biological Resource Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Tuttolomondo A, Puleo MG, Velardo MC, Corpora F, Daidone M, Pinto A. Molecular Biology of Atherosclerotic Ischemic Strokes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249372. [PMID: 33317034 PMCID: PMC7763838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the causes of global death and disability, ischemic stroke (also known as cerebral ischemia) plays a pivotal role, by determining the highest number of worldwide mortality, behind cardiomyopathies, affecting 30 million people. The etiopathogenetic burden of a cerebrovascular accident could be brain ischemia (~80%) or intracranial hemorrhage (~20%). The most common site when ischemia occurs is the one is perfused by middle cerebral arteries. Worse prognosis and disablement consequent to brain damage occur in elderly patients or affected by neurological impairment, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Since, in the coming years, estimates predict an exponential increase of people who have diabetes, the disease mentioned above constitutes together with stroke a severe social and economic burden. In diabetic patients after an ischemic stroke, an exorbitant activation of inflammatory molecular pathways and ongoing inflammation is responsible for more severe brain injury and impairment, promoting the advancement of ischemic stroke and diabetes. Considering that the ominous prognosis of ischemic brain damage could by partially clarified by way of already known risk factors the auspice would be modifying poor outcome in the post-stroke phase detecting novel biomolecules associated with poor prognosis and targeting them for revolutionary therapeutic strategies.
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Xie XL, Ye GH, Xue JJ, Su T, Tang GH, Li W, Yin S. A new prenylated coumarin and a new anthranilamide derivative from Evodia lepta. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:413-417. [PMID: 31565970 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1670169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new prenylated coumarin (1) and a new anthranilamide derivative (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Evodia lepta. Compound 2 represents the first anthranilamide derivative from the Evodia genus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis (MS, UV, IR, and NMR). Compound 1 exhibited certain inhibition on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 37.96 ± 1.7 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Lin Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Hua Ye
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264199, China
| | - Jun-Juan Xue
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264199, China
| | - Tong Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yao Q, Gao Y, Lai C, Wu C, Zhao CL, Wu JL, Tang DX. The phytochemistry, pharmacology and applications of Melicope pteleifolia: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112546. [PMID: 31926313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE The leaves, stems and roots of Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.Hartley (MP; Rutaceae, called sanyaku in Chinese; syn.: Euodia lepta), have been used traditionally for the treatment of sore throat, rheumatism, eczema, dermatitis, bruises, and insect, rat, snake bites based on traditional Chinese medicine concepts. AIM OF THIS STUDY This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of studies on MP and focusing on potential relationships between traditional uses and pharmacological effects, assessing the therapeutic potential as a medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant data on MP were retrieved using the keywords "Melicope pteleifolia", "pharmacology", "toxicity" and "applications" in databases including "Pubmed", "SciFinder", "Springer", "Elsevier", "Wiley", "Web of Science", "Google Scholar", "China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases (CNKI)", "PhD" and "MSc dissertations", and a hand-search. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The heat-clearing, dampness-removing and gallbladder-normalizing actions of MP have been linked to biomedical concepts like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. The latter is potentially based on the presence of furaquinoline alkaloids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. Analgesic, antimicrobial and anti-tumor effects have also been reported. Currently limited evidence is available relating to potential toxicological risks especially of aqueous extracts with so far no reports signalling specific risks. Although some studies on the pharmacodynamics of MP have been reported, studies on action mechanisms of MP are still rare. CONCLUSIONS In the future and prior to initiating clinical trials, the safety, in vitro and in vivo pharmacology, and mechanism of action of MP needs to be assessed, including a focus on the link between traditional uses and modern applications. In addition, phytochemical and biological studies need to conduct on flowers and fruits of MP. Furthermore, strict quality control measures are needed in the studies investigating any aspect of the pharmacology, chemistry and biology of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Provincial Talent Base for TCM Inheritance and Technological Innovation, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Ying Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Provincial Talent Base for TCM Inheritance and Technological Innovation, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Chencen Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Chong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Chen-Liang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Jin-Lin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Dong-Xin Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Provincial Talent Base for TCM Inheritance and Technological Innovation, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Methanol Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Targeting Syk, Src, and IRAK1 Kinase Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2019:6879346. [PMID: 31929819 PMCID: PMC6942823 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6879346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour., also known as T. palmata Roxb, T. bracteata Lam., T. puber Blume, and Modecca bracteata, is a vine belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family (English name: redball snake gourd). Distributed in China, South and East Asia, and tropical Australia, it has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant for its antifever, laxative, anthelmintic properties and for migraine treatment. In this paper, we examined the effects of Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. ethanol extract (Tt-ME) in vitro and in vivo. To confirm the effects of Tt-ME on inflammatory responses, we conducted experimental analyses including level of nitric oxide (NO) production, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting and using a HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis animal model. Tt-ME attenuated the release of NO and decreased mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Tt-ME time-dependently suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunits p50 and p65, activator protein (AP-1) subunits c-Fos and c-Jun, and STAT3 transcriptional activity by inhibiting nuclear translocation of p50, p65, c-Fos, c-Jun, and STAT3. Tt-ME significantly downregulated NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK2 signaling by targeting Syk, Src, and IRAK1 protein kinases. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and cell migration were observed to be downregulated by Tt-ME in LPS-activated macrophages. In vivo studies on Tt-ME also produced similar trends in Hcl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse models by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and the inflammatory signaling pathway. Our results strongly suggest that Tt-ME exerted anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages and mouse models of acute inflammatory disease.
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Ye XC, Hao Q, Ma WJ, Zhao QC, Wang WW, Yin HH, Zhang T, Wang M, Zan K, Yang XX, Zhang ZH, Shi HJ, Zu J, Raza HK, Zhang XL, Geng DQ, Hu JX, Cui GY. Dectin-1/Syk signaling triggers neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:17. [PMID: 31926564 PMCID: PMC6954534 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1) receptor has been reported to be involved in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and traumatic brain injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of Dectin-1 and its downstream target spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in early brain injury after ischemic stroke using a focal cortex ischemic stroke model. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to a cerebral focal ischemia model of ischemic stroke. The neurological score, adhesive removal test, and foot-fault test were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after ischemic stroke. Dectin-1, Syk, phosphorylated (p)-Syk, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was analyzed via western blotting in ischemic brain tissue after ischemic stroke and in BV2 microglial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in vitro. The brain infarct volume and Iba1-positive cells were evaluated using Nissl’s and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The Dectin-1 antagonist laminarin (LAM) and a selective inhibitor of Syk phosphorylation (piceatannol; PIC) were used for the intervention. Results Dectin-1, Syk, and p-Syk expression was significantly enhanced on days 3, 5, and 7 and peaked on day 3 after ischemic stroke. The Dectin-1 antagonist LAM or Syk inhibitor PIC decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells and TNF-α and iNOS expression, decreased the brain infarct volume, and improved neurological functions on day 3 after ischemic stroke. In addition, the in vitro data revealed that Dectin-1, Syk, and p-Syk expression was increased following the 3-h OGD and 0, 3, and 6 h of reperfusion in BV2 microglial cells. LAM and PIC also decreased TNF-α and iNOS expression 3 h after OGD/R induction. Conclusion Dectin-1/Syk signaling plays a crucial role in inflammatory activation after ischemic stroke, and further investigation of Dectin-1/Syk signaling in stroke is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chun Ye
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Hao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jing Ma
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Chen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Han Yin
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zan
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Yang
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Juan Shi
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zu
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hafiz Khuram Raza
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum tower Hospital Group, Suqian, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gui-Yun Cui
- Institute of Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Lee BW, Park JG, Ha TKQ, Pham HTT, An JP, Noh JR, Lee CH, Oh WK. Constituents of the Edible Leaves of Melicope pteleifolia with Potential Analgesic Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2201-2210. [PMID: 31393125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Melicope pteleifolia has long been consumed as a popular vegetable and tea in Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia and southern mainland China, and is effective in the treatment of colds and inflammation. In the search for active metabolites that can explain its traditional use as an antipyretic, six new phloroacetophenone derivatives (3-8) along with seven known compounds (1, 2, and 9-13) were isolated from the leaves of M. pteleifolia. Their chemical structures were confirmed by extensive spectroscopic analysis including NMR, IR, ECD, and HRMS. All compounds isolated from the leaves of M. pteleifolia (1-13) have a phloroacetophenone skeleton. Notably, the new compound 8 contains an additional cyclobutane moiety in its structure. The bioactivities of the isolated compounds were evaluated, and compounds 1, 6, and 7 inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-induced prostaglandin E2. Moreover, the major constituent, 3,5-di-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl phloroacetophenone (1), was found to be responsible for the antipyretic activity of M. pteleifolia based on in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba-Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Geun Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Thanh Tung Pham
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Pyo An
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Xu JF, Han C, Xu QQ, Wang XB, Zhao HJ, Xue GM, Luo JG, Kong LY. Isolation, Chiral-Phase Resolution, and Determination of the Absolute Configurations of a Complete Series of Stereoisomers of a Rearranged Acetophenone with Three Stereocenters. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1399-1404. [PMID: 30998015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis-inspired chemical investigation of the leaves of Melicope ptelefolia led to the isolation of evodialones A-D (1-4), four rearranged acetophenone stereoisomers possessing a prenylated acylcyclopentenone skeleton with three stereogenic carbons. Evodialones C and D (3 and 4) are new minor constituents. The chiral-phase HPLC resolution gave (+)-1-4 and (-)-1-4, eight enantiomers forming a complete stereoisomer library. Their absolute configurations were elucidated via extensive spectroscopic data and a modified Mosher's method. The relationship between the chiral structures and their NMR and ECD data is discussed. Compounds (±)-1, -2, and -4 have significant protective effects on high-glucose-induced oxidative stress in human vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Min Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
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Protium javanicum Burm. Methanol Extract Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Activities in Macrophage-Like RAW264.7 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2910278. [PMID: 31118953 PMCID: PMC6500672 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2910278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protium javanicum Burm. f. is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. Gum and oleoresins from this plant have been used as anti-inflammatory agents for treating ulcers, headaches, eyelid inflammation, and rheumatic pain. However, its anti-inflammatory mechanism of action is still unknown. To better understand the mechanism, we used lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated RAW264.7 cells to measure inflammatory mediators with the Griess assay and to identify target signaling molecules by immunoblot analysis. In this study, we report that the Protium javanicum methanol extract (Pj-ME) plays an important role in suppressing nitric oxide (NO) levels without cytotoxicity. The effect of Pj-ME in LPS-induced expression leads to reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, specifically inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Pj-ME significantly inhibited LPS-induced protein expression of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in a time-dependent manner. Syk and Src were identified as putative signaling molecules of Pj-ME-mediated anti-inflammatory activity, which were inhibited by Pj-ME. We demonstrated that Pj-ME controls the STAT3 signaling pathway by suppressing STAT3 and JAK phosphorylation and also downregulates the gene expression of IL-6. Therefore, these results elucidate Pj-ME as a novel anti-inflammatory naturally derived drug with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which may be subject to therapeutic and prognostic relevance.
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Slomiany BL, Slomiany A. Syk: a new target for attenuation of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammatory responses. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:203-211. [PMID: 30820719 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of gastric mucosal inflammatory response to H. pylori relies primarily on the extent of its key endotoxin, LPS, engagement of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and the initiation of signal transduction events converging on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and IκB complex (IKK) cascades. These cascades, in turn, exert their control over the assembly of transcription factors, NFκB and AP1, implicated in the induction of the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proinflammatory genes. The LPS-induced TLR4 activation and the ensuing phosphorylation of its intracellular tyrosine domain by Src-family kinases not only leads to recruitment to the cytoplasmic domain of TLR4 of adaptor molecules directly involved in propagation of the signaling cascades converging on MAPK and IKK, but also provides a propitious docking site for a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), the activation of which apparently leads to upregulation in the expression of proinflammatory genes. Here, we review the pathways engaged by H. pylori in the recruitment and interaction of Syk with TLR4 in gastric mucosa, and discuss the cascades involved in Syk-mediated amplification in proinflammatory signaling. We focus, moreover, on the potential role of drugs targeting Syk and TLR4 in the treatment of H. pylori-related gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronislaw L Slomiany
- Research Center, C855, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 110 Bergen Street, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ, 07103-2400, USA.
| | - Amalia Slomiany
- Research Center, C855, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 110 Bergen Street, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ, 07103-2400, USA
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Bian X, Wu L, Mu L, Yin X, Wei X, Zhong X, Yang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Guo Z, Ye J. Spleen tyrosine kinase from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Molecular characterization, expression pattern upon bacterial infection and the potential role in BCR signaling and inflammatory response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:162-172. [PMID: 30114435 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), a member of non-receptor tyrosine kinase family, plays an important role in immune responses against pathogen infection, which is capable of activating B cells signaling pathway and regulating inflammatory response. In this study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ortholog (OnSYK) was identified and characterized at expression pattern against bacterial infection, function in B cells activation pathway and inflammatory response. The cDNA of OnSYK ORF contained 1851 bp of nucleotide sequence encoding polypeptides of 616 amino acids. The deduced OnSYK protein was highly homologous to other species SYK, containing two SH2 domains and a TyrKc domain. Spatial mRNA expression analysis revealed that OnSYK had wide tissue distribution and was highly expressed in the liver. After challenge of Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) in vivo, mRNA expression of OnSYK was significantly up-regulated in the head kidney, spleen and liver. The up-regulation of OnSYK transcript was also displayed in the head kidney and spleen leukocytes stimulation with S. agalactiae and LPS in vitro, which was confirmed at protein level in the head kidney leukocytes by FACS analysis. In addition, after induction with mouse anti-OnIgM monoclonal antibody in vitro, the expressions of OnSYK and its downstream molecules (OnLYN, OnBLNK and OnAP-1) were significantly up-regulated in the head kidney leukocytes, and pharmacological inhibition of SYK activity with inhibitor (P505-15) significantly attenuated the expressions of OnLYN, OnBLNK and OnAP-1. Moreover, upon LPS challenge, the expressions of OnSYK, OnTNF-α, OnIL-6 and OnAP-1 were also up-regulated in the head kidney monocytes/macrophages. After treatment with SYK inhibitor (BAY 61-3606), the expressions of OnTNF-α, OnIL-6 and OnAP-1 were inhibited in the LPS-challenged head kidney monocytes/macrophages. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that OnSYK, playing potential roles in BCR signaling and inflammatory response, was likely to get involved in host defense against bacterial infection in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Bian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Liting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Liangliang Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiufang Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Junru Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China.
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Tang YQ, Li YQ, Xie YB, Zhang JS, Li W, Lou LL, Zhang G, Yin S. Evodialones A and B: Polyprenylated Acylcyclopentanone Racemates with a 3-Ethyl-1,1-diisopentyl-4-methylcyclopentane Skeleton from Evodia lepta. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1483-1487. [PMID: 29847131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two polyprenylated acylcyclopentanone racemates, evodialones A (1) and B (2), featuring a 3-ethyl-1,1-diisopentyl-4-methylcyclopentane skeleton, were isolated from an extract of the aerial parts of Evodia lepta. Evodialone A (1) was resolved by chiral-phase HPLC to afford a pair of enantiomers, (+)- and (-)-evodialones A (1b/1a), while evodialone B (2) could not be resolved. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and a combination of computational techniques including gauge-independent atomic orbital calculation of 1D NMR data and experimental and TDDFT-calculated ECD spectra. A putative biosynthetic pathway of 1 and 2 starting from the monocyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols is proposed. All the isolates were screened for the antimicrobial activity in vitro, and 1a and 1b showed moderate inhibitory activities against several pathogenic fungi with MICs values of 17.1-68.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qiu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bo Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , People's Republic of China
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Kim HG, Kim MY, Cho JY. Alisma canaliculatum ethanol extract suppresses inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated macrophages, HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis, and DSS-triggered colitis by targeting Src/Syk and TAK1 activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:202-212. [PMID: 29574093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alisma canaliculatum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché, distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan, is a traditional medicine. In particular, the stem and root of Alisma canaliculatum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché are prescribed to relieve various inflammatory symptoms resulting from nephritis, cystitis, urethritis, and dropsy. AIM OF STUDY However, the curative mechanism of Alisma canaliculatum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché with respect to inflammatory symptoms is poorly understood. In this study, the curative roles of this plant in various inflammatory conditions as well as its inhibitory mechanism were aimed to examine using an ethanol extract (Ac-EE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory effects of Ac-EE were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages in vitro and HCl/EtOH-stimulated mouse model of gastritis and DSS-treated mouse model of colitis. To determine the potentially active anti-inflammatory components in this extracts, we employed HPLC. We also used kinase assays, reporter gene assay, immunoprecipitation analysis and target enzyme overexpressing cell analysis to analyze the molecular mechanisms and the target molecules. RESULTS This extract dose-dependently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, Ac-EE ameliorated inflammatory symptoms resulting from gastritis and colitis. Ac-EE down-regulated the mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Ac-EE also blocked the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)- 1 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. By analyzing the target signaling molecules activating these transcription factors, we found that Src and Syk, as well as molecular association between TAK1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/7 (MKK4/7), were targeted by Ac-EE. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the Ac-EE NF-κB/AP-1-targeted anti-inflammatory potential is mediated by suppression of Src and Syk as well as the complex formation between TAK1 and its substrate proteins MKK4/7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongs il University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Src Is a Prime Target Inhibited by Celtis choseniana Methanol Extract in Its Anti-Inflammatory Action. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3909038. [PMID: 29725354 PMCID: PMC5872597 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3909038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Celtis choseniana is the traditional plant used at Korea as a herbal medicine to ameliorate inflammatory responses. Although Celtis choseniana has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine at Korea, no systemic research has been conducted on its anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, the present study explored an anti-inflammatory effect and its underlying molecular mechanism using Celtis choseniana methanol extract (Cc-ME) in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Cc-ME was evaluated using RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pam3CSK4 (Pam3), or poly(I:C). In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Cc-ME was investigated using acute inflammatory disease mouse models, such as LPS-induced peritonitis and HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis. The molecular mechanism of Cc-ME-mediated anti-inflammatory activity was examined by Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation using whole cell and nuclear fraction prepared from the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and HEK293 cells. Cc-ME inhibited NO production and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS, pam3, or poly(I:C) without cytotoxicity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that Cc-ME contained anti-inflammatory flavonoids quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol. Among those, the content of luteolin, which showed an inhibitory effect on NO production, was highest. Cc-ME suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting Src and interrupting molecular interactions between Src and p85, its downstream kinase. Moreover, Cc-ME ameliorated the morphological finding of peritonitis and gastritis in the mouse disease models. Therefore, these results suggest that Cc-ME exerted in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages and mouse models of acute inflammatory diseases. This anti-inflammatory activity of Cc-ME was dominantly mediated by targeting Src in NF-κB signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Marwan Almosnid N, Zhou X, Jiang L, Ridings A, Knott D, Wang S, Wei F, Yuan J, Altman E, Gao Y, Miao J. Evaluation of extracts prepared from 16 plants used in Yao ethnomedicine as potential anticancer agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:224-234. [PMID: 28970154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicines of the Yao ethnic group in China are a special branch of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and are well documented for use in disease prevention. According to an ethnopharmacological survey, there are 1392 species of medicinal plants that have been documented as Yao ethnomedicines and 104 of these species are used routinely. This study evaluated a partial collection of these 104 core plant species for their potential as anticancer agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature study of scientific journals and books in the local language was conducted. Based on an ethnopharmacological survey, 16 plant species widely used in Yao ethnomedicine were collected and 64 plant extracts were prepared from these plants. in vitro cytotoxicity screening was conducted with a panel of four human cancer cell lines, lung cancer A549, breast cancer BT20 and MCF-7, bone cancer U2OS. The potential toxicity of the extracts was evaluated using two normal human cell lines, human peripheral lung epithelial cells (HPL1A) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Additionally, the 10 extracts that demonstrated cytotoxicity in cancer cells with an IC50 of less than 25.0µg/mL were examined for the ability to induce apoptosis in U2OS cells. RESULTS The up-to-date information regarding the traditional uses, pharmacological and biological activities, as well as the chemical constituents of the 16 plants are presented. Extracts from all 16 plants showed cytotoxicity against one to four of the human cancer cell lines and the cytotoxic effects of extracts from Melaleuca leucadendra, Stephania longa, Microsorium fortune and Bidens biternata were demonstrated for the first time. The highest anticancer potential was observed for extracts prepared from Melaleuca leucadendra Linn against all tested cancer cells (BT20, A549, U2OS, and MCF7) with an IC50 range of 3.1-32.7µg/mL. The selectivity index of the active samples varied from 0.1 to 25, and five extracts from Bidens biternata, Wedelia calendulacea, Stephania longa and Achras zapota showed significant selectivity against cancer cell lines versus normal cell lines. All tested extracts induced apoptosis in U2OS cells, and for the first time extracts from Melaleuca leucadendra and Microsorium fortune were shown to induce apoptosis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the in vitro anticancer efficacy and safety of 16 medicinal plants that have been historically used in Yao ethnomedicine. This study provides evidence to assist the clinical practice of Yao ethnomedicine and the development of chemotherapeutic agents from extracts prepared from these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Marwan Almosnid
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research and the Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medical Plants, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Lihe Jiang
- Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Amy Ridings
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research and the Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Deborah Knott
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research and the Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medical Plants, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medical Plants, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jingquan Yuan
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medical Plants, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Elliot Altman
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research and the Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Ying Gao
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research and the School of Agribusiness & Agriscience, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.
| | - Jianhua Miao
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medical Plants, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
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Syk - GTP RAC-1 mediated immune-stimulatory effect of Cuscuta epithymum, Ipomoea batata and Euphorbia hirta plant extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:742-749. [PMID: 29049977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNn) are the pivotal mediators of phagocytosis. In addition to neutropenia, impaired neutrophilic function is associated with pathological conditions and immuno-deficiencies. Henceforth, Immuno-stimulatory strategies targeting neutrophilic function are indeed powerful tools in combating obstinate infections. In appreciation towards the usefulness of herbal medicines in therapeutic scenario, the present study was carried out to analyse the immuno-stimulatory effect of Cuscuta epithymum, Ipomoea batata and Euphorbia hirta using in-vitro and in-vivo rodent experimental models. Throughout the experimentation, phagocytosis was studied and expressed as phagocytotic index and percentage phagocytosis. Different extracts of these plants were initially screened for their potency to induce phagocytosis in PMNn and the methanolic fractions, which are effective, were considered for further experimentation.The phagocytosis stimulation by the methanolic extracts was compared with the standard Granulocyte Macrophage - Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) at a dose of 65ng/ml. Immunoblotting analysis shown that the methanolic extracts induce the phosphorylation of Syk which in turn phosphorylates GDP-RAC-1, hinting the possible mechanism of action. Following these in vitro investigations, the potency of methanolic extracts was assessed using rat model by performing carbon clearance assay, Delayed Type Hypersensitivity and antibody titre.The phosphorylation status of Syk and GDP-RAC-1 was also assessed in the edematous fluid collected from the right hind paw. In vivo findings were in agreement with the in vitro findings by presenting an improved immune response and increased phosphorylation of Syk and GDP-RAC-1. Conclusively, this study provides the initial insights into the therapeutic implications of the tropical plants in inducing phagocytosis.
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Martel J, Ko YF, Ojcius DM, Lu CC, Chang CJ, Lin CS, Lai HC, Young JD. Immunomodulatory Properties of Plants and Mushrooms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:967-981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nguyen NH, Ha TKQ, Choi S, Eum S, Lee CH, Bach TT, Chinh VT, Oh WK. Chemical constituents from Melicope pteleifolia leaves. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 130:291-300. [PMID: 27374481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Five acetophenones bearing spiroketal-hexofuranoside rings, one di-C-glycosidic acetophenone and two benzopyrans, along with 16 known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Melicope pteleifolia. Structures of all the isolates were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D-NMR and HRESIMS. All the isolates were also evaluated for their neuraminidase inhibitory activities against H1N1, H9N2, wild-type H1N1 and oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 (H274Y mutation) virus strains. Of the isolates, tamarixetin 3-robinobioside was found to exhibit the strongest enzymatic inhibition (IC50 24.93 ± 3.46, 23.19 ± 5.41, 26.67 ± 5.16 and 40.16 ± 4.50 μM, respectively). Selected candidates, kaempferol 3-robinobioside, kaempferol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2)-α-d-xylopyranoside and tamarixetin 3-robinobioside, also showed moderate reductions in H1N1-induced cytopathic effects on MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Hieu Nguyen
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmi Eum
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ho Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran The Bach
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 10307, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Tien Chinh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 10307, Viet Nam
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Chassagne F, Hul S, Deharo E, Bourdy G. Natural remedies used by Bunong people in Mondulkiri province (Northeast Cambodia) with special reference to the treatment of 11 most common ailments. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:41-70. [PMID: 27282662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In this paper we present a comprehensive ethnomedicinal study conducted in Mondulkiri province. Traditional knowledge about natural medicine (plants, animals, mushrooms) was investigated in Cambodia's largest indigenous community: the Bunong people. The survey aims to document the medicinal plant use of this ethnic, by focusing on the eleven most frequent diseases encountered in the area, in order to highlight species that could be recommended in public health programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the years 2013 and 2014, 202 villagers were interviewed in 28 villages from the five districts in Mondulkiri. Two types of methodology were employed: (1) an ethnobotanical field survey (walk-in-the-wood interviews) and (2) semi-structured household interviews with a special emphasis on the treatment of 11 most common ailments encountered in the area. Medicinal plants and mushrooms were collected and identified together with medicinal animals. The factor informant consensus (FIC) and fidelity level (FL) were calculated. RESULTS Bunong people use a total of 214 plants belonging to 72 families, 1 mushroom and 22 animal species in their traditional healthcare practices in order to treat 51 different ailments. Among the medicinal plants, Fabaceae was the most predominant family; Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H.Rob. (Asteraceae), Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) Link ex A.Dietr. (Zingiberaceae) and Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae) were the most cited medicinal plants; and four ailments (cold/fever, diarrhea, postpartum disorders and stomachache) were described as major ailments in the community. The root was the most important part of plants used, and decoction was the most cited method of preparation. During our survey, we also discovered a "new to science" plant species called Ardisia mondulkiriensis Hul and Chassagne, and we recorded for the second time the plant species recently described, Solanum sakhanii Hul. CONCLUSION Most of the species reported for the treatment of the 11 most frequent ailments have already been proven to be efficient and safe. Furthermore, 10 plant species are reported for the first time as medicinal and some of them are widely used in the community. Further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations should be undergone to assess the pharmaceutical potential of these species. While undergoing considerable changes, Bunong people have maintained extensive traditional medicine knowledge. As this indigenous hill tribe depend mainly on natural remedies for their daily healthcare, environmental preservation is of high importance for the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chassagne
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France; Nomad RSI Organization, Doh Kromom Village, Sokhadom Commune, Senmonorom District, Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia.
| | - Sovanmoly Hul
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Département de Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7205 (ISYEB), Herbier National (P), CP 39, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
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Syk and IRAK1 Contribute to Immunopharmacological Activities of Anthraquinone-2-carboxlic Acid. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060809. [PMID: 27338330 PMCID: PMC6272897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinone-2-carboxlic acid (9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid, AQCA) was identified as one of the major anthraquinones in Brazilian taheebo. Since there was no report explaining its immunopharmacological actions, in this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of AQCA-mediated anti-inflammatory activity using reporter gene assays, kinase assays, immunoblot analyses, and overexpression strategies with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages. AQCA was found to suppress the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 from LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages without displaying any toxic side effects. Molecular analysis revealed that AQCA was able to inhibit the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 pathways by direct suppression of upstream signaling enzymes including interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Therefore, our data strongly suggest that AQCA-mediated suppression of inflammatory responses could be managed by a direct interference of signaling cascades including IRAK and Syk, linked to the activation of NF-κB and AP-1.
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1-(2,3-Dibenzimidazol-2-ylpropyl)-2-methoxybenzene Is a Syk Inhibitor with Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Molecules 2016; 21:508. [PMID: 27096863 PMCID: PMC6274291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the protective action of our bodies against external pathogens by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Proper regulation of inflammatory responses is required to maintain our body’s homeostasis, as well as there are demands to develop proper acute or chronic inflammation. In this study, we elucidated the regulatory mechanism of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses by a novel compound, 1-(2,3-dibenzimidazol-2-ylpropyl)-2-methoxybenzene (DBMB). We found that DBMB suppressed inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), reacted to exposure to a number of toll like receptor (TLR) ligands. Such observations occurred following to decreased mRNA expression of several pro-inflammatory mediators, and such diminished mRNA levels were caused by inhibited transcriptional factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB, as evaluated by luciferase reporter assay and molecular biological approaches. To find the potential targets of DBMB, we screened phosphorylated forms of NF-κB signal molecules: inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), IκB kinase (IKK)α/β, Akt, 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), p85, and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). We found that DBMB treatment could suppress signal transduction through these molecules. Additionally, we conducted in vitro kinase assays using immunoprecipitated Syk and its substrate, p85. Consequently, we could say that DBMB clearly suppressed the kinase activity of Syk kinase activity. Together, our results demonstrate that synthetic DBMB has an effect on the inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway and suggest the potential for clinical use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Anthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1903849. [PMID: 27057092 PMCID: PMC4735930 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1903849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinone compounds are one of the abundant polyphenols found in fruits, vegetables, and herbs. However, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanisms of anthraquinones have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the activity of anthraquinones using acute inflammatory and nociceptive experimental conditions. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid, AQCA), one of the major anthraquinones identified from Brazilian taheebo, ameliorated various inflammatory and algesic symptoms in EtOH/HCl- and acetylsalicylic acid- (ASA-) induced gastritis, arachidonic acid-induced edema, and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing without displaying toxic profiles in body and organ weight, gastric irritation, or serum parameters. In addition, AQCA suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 in stomach tissues and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated RAW264.7 cells. According to reporter gene assay and immunoblotting analyses, AQCA inhibited activation of the nuclear factor- (NF-) κB and activator protein- (AP-) 1 pathways by suppression of upstream signaling involving interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK1), p38, Src, and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Our data strongly suggest that anthraquinones such as AQCA act as potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive components in vivo, thus contributing to the immune regulatory role of fruits and herbs.
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Thang TD, Dai DN, Ogunwande IA. Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil Bearing Plants from Vietnam. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim Y, Jeong EJ, Han Lee IS, Kim MY, Cho JY. (E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyrrolyl)-2-propenone displays suppression of inflammatory responses via inhibition of Src, Syk, and NF-κB. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 20:91-9. [PMID: 26807028 PMCID: PMC4722197 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyrrolyl)-2-propenone (MPP) is an aldol condensation product resulting from pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde and m- and p- substituted acetophenones. However, its biological activity has not yet been evaluated. Since it has been reported that some propenone-type compounds display anti-inflammatory activity, we investigated whether MPP could negatively modulate inflammatory responses. To do this, we employed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and examined the inhibitory levels of nitric oxide (NO) production and transcriptional activation, as well as the target proteins involved in the inflammatory signaling cascade. Interestingly, MPP was found to reduce the production of NO in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, without causing cytotoxicity. Moreover, this compound suppressed the mRNA levels of inflammatory genes, such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Using luciferase reporter gene assays performed in HEK293 cells and immunoblotting analysis with nuclear protein fractions, we determined that MPP reduced the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Furthermore, the activation of a series of upstream signals for NF-κB activation, composed of Src, Syk, Akt, and IκBα, were also blocked by this compound. It was confirmed that MPP was able to suppress autophosphorylation of overexpressed Src and Syk in HEK293 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that MPP can function as an anti-inflammatory drug with NF-κB inhibitory properties via the suppression of Src and Syk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jeong
- Department of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - In-Sook Han Lee
- Department of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Kim JH, Kim MY, Kim JH, Cho JY. Fisetin Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Responses by Blockade of Src and Syk. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:414-20. [PMID: 26336580 PMCID: PMC4556200 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, such as fisetin (3,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone), are plant secondary metabolites. It has been reported that fisetin is able to perform numerous pharmacological roles including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer activities; however, the exact anti-inflammatory mechanism of fisetin is not understood. In this study, the pharmacological action modes of fisetin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage-like cells were elucidated by using immunoblotting analysis, kinase assays, and an overexpression strategy. Fisetin diminished the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reduced the mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without displaying cytotoxicity. This compound also blocked the nuclear translocation of p65/nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In agreement, the upstream phosphorylation events for NF-κB activation, composed of Src, Syk, and IκBα, were also reduced by fisetin. The phospho-Src level, triggered by overexpression of wild-type Src, was also inhibited by fisetin. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that fisetin can be considered a bioactive immunomodulatory compound with anti-inflammatory properties through suppression of Src and Syk activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biological Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746
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Thai HV, Kim E, Kim SC, Jeong D, Yang S, Baek KS, Kim Y, Ratan ZA, Yoon KD, Kim JH, Cho JY. Boerhavia diffusa L. ethanol extract suppresses inflammatory responses via inhibition of Src/Syk/TRAF6. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Liao W, Li B, Li L, Yan L, Wang Z, An X, Zhao J. Erk1/2, CDK8, Src and Ck1e Mediate <i>Evodia rutaecarpa</i> Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Chin Med 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2015.62011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Functional roles of Syk in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:270302. [PMID: 25045209 PMCID: PMC4090447 DOI: 10.1155/2014/270302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a series of complex biological responses to protect the host from pathogen invasion. Chronic inflammation is considered a major cause of diseases, such as various types of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and cancers. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) was initially found to be highly expressed in hematopoietic cells and has been known to play crucial roles in adaptive immune responses. However, recent studies have reported that Syk is also involved in other biological functions, especially in innate immune responses. Although Syk has been extensively studied in adaptive immune responses, numerous studies have recently presented evidence that Syk has critical functions in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and is closely related to innate immune response. This review describes the characteristics of Syk-mediated signaling pathways, summarizes the recent findings supporting the crucial roles of Syk in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and diseases, and discusses Syk-targeted drug development for the therapy of inflammatory diseases.
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New furoquinoline alkaloids from the leaves of Evodia lepta. Fitoterapia 2013; 92:270-3. [PMID: 24333260 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three new furoquinoline alkaloids, leptanoines A-C (1-3) along with three known compounds (4-6) were isolated from the leaves of Evodia lepta. Their structures were identified by interpretation of their spectroscopic data as well as comparison with those reported in the literature. In addition, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities. Compound 4 showed the highest inhibitory activity towards BChE with an IC50 value of 47.9 μM. On the other hand, Compound 5 showed the highest inhibitory activity towards AChE with an IC50 value of 69.1 μM.
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