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Zhang YY, Li SQ, Song Y, Wang P, Song XG, Zhu WF, Wang DM. Silencing the ADAM9 Gene through CRISPR/Cas9 Protects Mice from Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5110161. [PMID: 35707386 PMCID: PMC9192226 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury is a major global public health concern at present. The ADAM9 gene plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of various liver diseases, but its role in acute alcoholic liver injury remains ambiguous. In this study, a chimeric single-guide RNA targeting the genomic regions of mouse ADAM9 was designed using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology. Next, the role of ADAM9 in acute alcoholic liver injury in vitro in cultured mouse cells and in vivo in a hydrodynamic injection-based alcoholic liver injury mouse model was documented. The findings of this study suggest that ADAM9 induces by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stress metabolism in mice. Thus, inhibiting the expression of ADAM9 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 can attenuate alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yong Zhang
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Orthopedic Institute of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471003 Henan, China
- Henan Center for Engineering and Technology Research on Prevention and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - San-Qiang Li
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Henan Center for Engineering and Technology Research on Prevention and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ying Song
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Henan Center for Engineering and Technology Research on Prevention and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Henan Center for Engineering and Technology Research on Prevention and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xiao-Gai Song
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Henan Center for Engineering and Technology Research on Prevention and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhu
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Henan Center for Engineering and Technology Research on Prevention and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Henan Center for Engineering and Technology Research on Prevention and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Luoyang 471003, China
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Joung JY, Kim HG, Lee JS, Cho JH, Ahn YC, Lee DS, Son CG. Anti-hepatofibrotic effects of CGX, a standardized herbal formula: A multicenter randomized clinical trial. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110105. [PMID: 32203892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chunggan extract (CGX) is an herbal formula used for the treatment of chronic liver disease in traditional Korean medicine. Many preclinical studies have suggested its therapeutic or preventive effects on liver fibrosis. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CGX, we conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial of CGX in patients with liver fibrosis diagnosed by Fibroscan. METHODS We enrolled 67 subjects at two hospitals with chronic liver disorders with a 5.5 ≤ liver stiffness measurement (LSM) score ≤ 16 kPa. Subjects were randomly assigned at a 1:1:1 ratio with stratification (with/without concomitant use of antivirals) and orally administered CGX (1 g or 2 g) or placebo twice daily for 24 weeks. The end point was the change in instantaneous elasticity of the liver assessed by Fibroscan before and after treatment. RESULTS LSM scores were significantly decreased in both the CGX1 g (2.5 ± 1.7 kPa, p < 0.01) and CGX2 g (1.9 ± 2.0 kPa, p < 0.05) groups compared to the placebo (0.6 ± 1.6 kPa) group. The change was also significant in 35 subjects without concomitant use of antiviral agents in the CGX1 g group (placebo 0.1 ± 1.4 kPa vs. 2.7 ± 1.6 kPa, p < 0.01) but not in those with concomitant antiviral use (p > 0.05). No notable adverse events were present. CONCLUSION CGX appeared to have a pharmacological effect against liver fibrosis. Further studies to confirm the results are needed in the future using a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Joung
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Chan Ahn
- Department of Health Service Management, Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongun-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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DNA Microarray-Based Screening and Characterization of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MICROARRAYS 2017; 6:microarrays6010004. [PMID: 28146102 PMCID: PMC5374364 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of DNA microarray assay (DMA) has entered a new era owing to recent innovations in omics technologies. This review summarizes recent applications of DMA-based gene expression profiling by focusing on the screening and characterizationof traditional Chinese medicine. First, herbs, mushrooms, and dietary plants analyzed by DMA along with their effective components and their biological/physiological effects are summarized and discussed by examining their comprehensive list and a list of representative effective chemicals. Second, the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine are summarized by examining the genes and pathways responsible for the action, the cell functions involved in the action, and the activities found by DMA (silent estrogens). Third, applications of DMA for traditional Chinese medicine are discussed by examining reported examples and new protocols for its use in quality control. Further innovations in the signaling pathway based evaluation of beneficial effects and the assessment of potential risks of traditional Chinese medicine are expected, just as are observed in other closely related fields, such as the therapeutic, environmental, nutritional, and pharmacological fields.
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Mok SRS, Mohan S, Grewal N, Elfant AB, Judge TA. A genetic database can be utilized to identify potential biomarkers for biphenotypic hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:570-9. [PMID: 27563447 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biphenotypic hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is an uncommon primary liver neoplasm. Due to limitations in radiologic imaging for the diagnosis of this condition, biopsy is a common method for diagnosis, which is invasive and holds potential complications. To identify alternative means for obtaining the diagnosis and assessing the prognosis of this condition, we evaluated biomarkers for biphenotypic HCC-CC using a genetic database. METHODS To evaluate the genetic associations with each variable we utilized GeneCards(®), The Human Gene Compendium (http://www.genecards.org). The results of our search were entered into the Pathway Interaction Database from the National Cancer Institute (PID-NCI) (http://pid.nci.nih.gov), to generate a biomolecule interaction map. RESULTS The results of our query yielded 690 genes for HCC, 98 genes for CC and 50 genes for HCC-CC. Genes depicted in this analysis demonstrate the role of hormonal regulation, embryonic development, cell surface adhesion, cytokeratin stability, mucin production, metalloproteinase regulation, Ras signaling, metabolism and apoptosis. Examples of previously described markers included hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS). Novel markers included phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), GPC3, choline kinase alpha (CHKA), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). CONCLUSIONS GeneCards is a useful research tool in the genetic analysis of low frequency malignancies. Utilizing this tool we identified several biomarkers are methods for diagnosing HCC-CC. Finally, utilizing these methods, HCC-CC was found to be predominantly a subtype of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaffer R S Mok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Mount Laurel, NJ, USA
| | - Sachin Mohan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Mount Laurel, NJ, USA
| | - Navjot Grewal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Mount Laurel, NJ, USA
| | - Adam B Elfant
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Mount Laurel, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas A Judge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Mount Laurel, NJ, USA
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Chen N, Geng Q, Zheng J, He S, Huo X, Sun X. Suppression of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation play a role in the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1110-6. [PMID: 25069637 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of curcumin against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis have rarely been discussed and its mechanisms of action in alcohol-induced liver disease remain unknown. In this study, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured to assess hepatic function; histopathological and immunohistochemical observations were used to evaluate pathological and specific molecular changes in liver tissue and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis in cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major fibrogenic cells in the liver; PCR and western blot analysis were employed to evaluate the changes in the expression of molecules and signaling pathways. We demonstrate that curcumin alleviates alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis by affecting the HSCs. We found that the administration of curcumin inhibited alcohol-induced HSC proliferation and even induced HSC apoptosis by stimulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We also found that by suppressing the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway, the administration of curcumin impaired the production of extracellular matrix proteins in alcohol-stimulated HSCs. These results indicate that curcumin exerts its hepatoprotective effects against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of HSCs by stimulating ER stress and deactivating HSCs by suppressing the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanzheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sai He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiongwei Huo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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