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Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Chloroplast Genomes in Five Uncaria Species Endemic to China. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911617. [PMID: 36232915 PMCID: PMC9569570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncaria, a perennial vine from the Rubiaceae family, is a typical Chinese traditional medicine. Currently, uncertainty exists over the Uncaria genus’ evolutionary relationships and germplasm identification. The complete chloroplast genomes of four Uncaria species mentioned in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Uncaria scandens (an easily confused counterfeit) were sequenced and annotated. The findings demonstrated that the whole chloroplast genome of Uncaria genus is 153,780–155,138 bp in full length, encoding a total of 128–131 genes, containing 83–86 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs and 37 tRNAs. These regions, which include eleven highly variable loci and 31–49 SSRs, can be used to create significant molecular markers for the Uncaria genus. The phylogenetic tree was constructed according to protein-coding genes and the whole chloroplast genome sequences of five Uncaria species using four methods. The topology of the two phylogenetic trees showed no difference. The sequences of U. rhynchophylla and U. scandens are clustered in one group, while the U. hirsuta and U. macrophylla are clustered in another group. U. sessilifructus is clustered together with the above two small clades. New insights on the relationship were revealed via phylogenetic research in five Uncaria species. This study will provide a theoretical basis for identifying U. rhynchophylla and its counterfeits, as well as the species of the Uncaria genus. This research provides the initial chloroplast genome report of Uncaria, contributes to elucidating the chloroplast genome evolution of Uncaria in China.
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Geetha RG, Ramachandran S. Recent Advances in the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Plant-Derived Alkaloid Rhynchophylline in Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081170. [PMID: 34452133 PMCID: PMC8400357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is a plant-derived indole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria species. Both the plant and the alkaloid possess numerous protective properties such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-hypertensive, anti-rhythmic, and sedative effects. Several studies support the significance of the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant as an underlying mechanism for most of the pharmacological activities of the alkaloid. Rhy is effective in protecting both the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Cerebro-cardiovascular disease primarily occurs due to changes in lifestyle habits. Many previous studies have highlighted the significance of Rhy in modulating calcium channels and potassium channels, thereby protecting the brain from neurodegenerative diseases and related effects. Rhy also has anticoagulation and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Although Rhy has displayed its role in protecting the cardiovascular system, very little is explored about its intervention in early atherosclerosis. Extensive studies are required to understand the cardioprotective effects of Rhye. This review summarized and discussed the various pharmacological effects of Rhy in neuro- and cardioprotection and in particular the relevance of Rhy in preventing early atherosclerosis using Rhy-loaded nanoparticles.
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Miao Y, Wang R, Wu H, Yang S, Qiu Y. CPCGI confers neuroprotection by enhancing blood circulation and neurological function in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2365-2372. [PMID: 31322214 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study used a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model with the aim to explore the effects of compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) on brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Improvement in the infarct‑side microcirculation and the overall recovery of neurological function were detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, laser speckle blood flow monitoring, latex perfusion, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. The results revealed that administration of CPCGI for 7 consecutive days following ischemic stroke contributed to the recovery of neurological function and the reduction of cerebral infarct volume in rats. Blood flow monitoring results demonstrated that the administration of CPCGI effectively promoted cerebral blood flow following stroke, and contributed to the protection of the ischemic side blood vessels. In addition, CPCGI treatment increased the numbers of new blood vessels in the peripheral ischemic region, and upregulated the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1 and its receptor TEK receptor tyrosine kinase, fibroblast growth factor and Wnt signaling pathway‑associated proteins. Taken together, the present results indicated that CPCGI improved the blood circulation and neurological function following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
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Hao H, Tian W, Pan C, Jiao Y, Deng X, Fan J, Han J, Han S, Wang M, Li P. Marsdenia tenacissima extract dilated small mesenteric arteries via stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inhibiting calcium influx. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111847. [PMID: 30946966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marsdenia tenacissima is a traditional Chinese medicine that is known to be effective in combating cancer as well as reducing blood pressure. The efficacy and mechanisms of Marsdenia tenacissima in treating cancer have been well described. However, the potential vasoactivities of Marsdenia tenacissima remain poorly known. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the vasoactive effects of the water-soluble part of marsdenia tenacissima in mesenteric resistance arteries of the mice, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isometric vessel tension study was used to examine the effects of marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) on vasodilation of the mesenteric arteries of mice. KCl, phenylephrine (PE) and 9,11-Dideoxy-11α,9α-epoxymethanoprostaglandin F2α (U46619) were used as vasoconstrictors. Y27632, Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and indomethacin were used to explore the underlying mechanisms for the vasoactivities of MTE. Western blot and nitric oxide (NO) assay were used to evaluate the effects of MTE on the activities of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). RESULTS MTE (5-50 mg/mL), but not vehicle, dose-dependently relaxed the mesenteric arteries constricted with KCl, PE or U46619, in which relaxations to KCl were more pronounced than that to PE or U46619. Pre-incubation of the vessels with MTE (40 mg/mL) reduced the vasoconstrictions caused by calcium influx. Decreasing calcium sensitivity by inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK) significantly augmented the vasorelaxation of MTE. While, inhibition of endothelial cells by pre-incubation with L-NAME (300 μM) and indomethacin (10 μM) or denudating endothelial cells attenuated vasorelaxations of MTE to KCl, and with a larger potency, to U46619. In both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human heart microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs), the phosphorylations of eNOS and the production of NO were significantly enhanced after treatment of MTE for 2, 5, 10, 30 min. CONCLUSIONS MTE, the water-soluble part of marsdenia tenacissima, was effective in relaxing mesenteric resistance arteries via inhibiting calcium influx and stimulating eNOS activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Hao
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Wenjia Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Chunshui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yanna Jiao
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Xinxin Deng
- Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jingyan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China.
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and Clinical Pharmacology Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Pingping Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China.
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Hao HF, Liu LM, Pan CS, Wang CS, Gao YS, Fan JY, Han JY. Rhynchophylline Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction via Src-PI3K/Akt-eNOS Cascade in the Cultured Intrarenal Arteries of Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:928. [PMID: 29187825 PMCID: PMC5694770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the protective effect of Rhynchophylline (Rhy) on vascular endothelial function in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Intrarenal arteries of SHRs and Wistar rats were suspended in myograph for force measurement. Expression and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), Akt, and Src kinase (Src) were examined by Western blotting. NO production was assayed by ELISA. Results: Rhy time- and concentration-dependently improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in the renal arteries from SHRs, but had no effect on endothelium-independent relaxation in SHR renal arteries. Wortmannin (an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) or PP2 (an inhibitor of Src) inhibited the improvement of relaxation in response to acetylcholine by 12 h-incubation with 300 μM Rhy. Western blot analysis revealed that Rhy elevated phosphorylations of eNOS, Akt, and Src in SHR renal arteries. Moreover, wortmannin reversed the increased phosphorylations of Akt and eNOS induced by Rhy, but did not affect the phosphorylation of Src. Furthermore, the enhanced phosphorylations of eNOS, Akt, and Src were blunted by PP2. Importantly, Rhy increased NO production and this effect was blocked by inhibition of Src or PI3K/Akt. Conclusion: The present study provides evidences for the first time that Rhy ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in SHRs through the activation of Src-PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Hao
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Mei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-She Wang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Loh YC, Ch'ng YS, Tan CS, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Yam MF. Mechanisms of Action of Uncaria rhynchophylla Ethanolic Extract for Its Vasodilatory Effects. J Med Food 2017; 20:895-911. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yean Chun Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yung Sing Ch'ng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chu Shan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Han JY, Li Q, Ma ZZ, Fan JY. Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:146-173. [PMID: 28322971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculation dysfunction and organ injury after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) result from a complex pathologic process consisting of multiple links, with metabolism impairment in the ischemia phase and oxidative stress in the reperfusion phase as initiators, and any treatment targeting a single link is insufficient to cope with this. Compound Chinese medicine (CCM) has been applied in clinics in China and some Asian nations for >2000years. Studies over the past decades revealed the protective and therapeutic effect of CCMs and major ingredients on I/R-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue injury in the heart, brain, liver, intestine, and so on. CCM contains diverse bioactive components with potential for energy metabolism regulation; antioxidant effect; inhibiting inflammatory cytokines release; adhesion molecule expression in leukocyte, platelet, and vascular endothelial cells; and the protection of thrombosis, albumin leakage, and mast cell degranulation. This review covers the major works with respect to the effects and underlying mechanisms of CCM and its ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury after I/R, providing novel ideas for dealing with this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
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Overview of Antagonists Used for Determining the Mechanisms of Action Employed by Potential Vasodilators with Their Suggested Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2016; 21:495. [PMID: 27092479 PMCID: PMC6274436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper is a review on the types of antagonists and the signaling mechanism pathways that have been used to determine the mechanisms of action employed for vasodilation by test compounds. Thus, we exhaustively reviewed and analyzed reports related to this topic published in PubMed between the years of 2010 till 2015. The aim of this paperis to suggest the most appropriate type of antagonists that correspond to receptors that would be involved during the mechanistic studies, as well as the latest signaling pathways trends that are being studied in order to determine the route(s) that atest compound employs for inducing vasodilation. The methods to perform the mechanism studies were included. Fundamentally, the affinity, specificity and selectivity of the antagonists to their receptors or enzymes were clearly elaborated as well as the solubility and reversibility. All the signaling pathways on the mechanisms of action involved in the vascular tone regulation have been well described in previous review articles. However, the most appropriate antagonists that should be utilized have never been suggested and elaborated before, hence the reason for this review.
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Qi Y, Li S, Pan Y, Li Y. Circulating ultrasound-assisted extraction, countercurrent chromatography, and liquid chromatography for the simultaneous extraction, isolation, and analysis of the constituents of Uncaria tomentosa. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1388:36-42. [PMID: 25725954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A hyphenated automated technique for the online extraction, isolation, analysis, and identification of natural organic compounds was established. Circulating ultrasound-assisted extraction (CUAE) was coupled with countercurrent chromatography (CCC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and a diode array detector (DAD). This approach was applied to the fractionation and purification of alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa. A biphasic solvent system of chloroform-methanol-water (6:4:5, v:v:v) was used for the CUAE and CCC separation of compounds from 500 g of U. tomentosa. Two CUAE/CCC/HPLC/DAD modes were established. Either the upper aqueous phase or the lower organic phase of the solvent system could be used as the extraction solvent. The target compounds were extracted by CUAE, and the extract was pumped into a sample loop before being directly injected into the CCC column, or pre-purified using a flash chromatography column before injection. The target compounds were eluted using either the organic or aqueous phase of the solvent system and the fractions were monitored using a UV detector. The target fractions were collected by a sample loop via a six-port valve, and analyzed by HPLC/DAD for purity and structural identification. This system isolated of 8.2mg, 7.4 mg, and 12.9 mg of rhynchophylline, corynoxine, and corynoxine B with HPLC purities of 96.15%, 95.34%, and 95.49%, respectively via the first mode; and isolated 26.6 mg, 24.6 mg, and 45.3mg of rhynchophylline, corynoxine, and corynoxine B with a HPLC purities of 98.22%, 97.18%, and 97.93% via the second mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China.
| | - Yanjuan Qi
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Higher Education Research Institute, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy of Science of Jilin Province, No. 1745 Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China
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He Y, Zeng SY, Zhou SW, Qian GS, Peng K, Mo ZX, Zhou JY. Effects of rhynchophylline on GluN1 and GluN2B expressions in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:166-73. [PMID: 25110195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits GluN1 and GluN2B in hippocampal neurons play key roles in anxiety. Our previous studies show that rhynchophylline, an active component of the Uncaria species, down-regulates GluN2B expression in the hippocampal CA1 area of amphetamine-induced rat. The effects of rhynchophylline on expressions of GluN1 and GluN2B in primary hippocampal neurons in neonatal rats in vitro were investigated. Neonatal hippocampal neurons were cultured with neurobasal-A medium. After incubation for 6h or 48 h with rhynchophylline (non-competitive NMDAR antagonist) and MK-801 (non-competitive NMDAR antagonist with anxiolytic effect, as the control drug) from day 6, neuron toxicity, mRNA and protein expressions of GluN1 and GluN2B were analyzed. GluN1 is mainly distributed on neuronal axons and dendritic trunks, cytoplasm and cell membrane near axons and dendrites. GluN2B is mainly distributed on the membrane, dendrites, and axon membranes. GluN1 and GluN2B are codistributed on dendritic trunks and dendritic spines. After 48 h incubation, a lower concentration of rhynchophylline (lower than 400 μmol/L) and MK-801 (lower than 200 μmol/L) have no toxicity on neonatal hippocampal neurons. Rhynchophylline up-regulated GluN1 mRNA expression at 6h and mRNA and protein expressions at 48h, but down-regulated GluN2B mRNA and protein expressions at 48 h. However, GluN1 and GluN2B mRNA expressions were down-regulated at 6h, and mRNA and protein expressions were both up-regulated by MK-801 at 48h. These findings show that rhynchophylline reciprocally regulates GluN1 and GluN2B expressions in hippocampal neurons, indicating a potential anxiolytic property for rhynchophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ya Zeng
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Gui-Sheng Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Kang Peng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xian Mo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Ji-Yin Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
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