1
|
Liu S, Wang H, Liu S, Yin P, Song S, Xiong B, Wang L, Bi Y, Yu L. Fermented Ginsenosides Alleviate Acute Liver Injury Induced by CCl 4 in Mice by Regulating the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. J Med Food 2024; 27:961-970. [PMID: 39012958 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the alleviating effect of fermented ginsenosides obtained through yeast strain fermentation transformation on acute liver injury (ALI) induced by CCl4. Strains were screened for their ability to produce β-glucosidase, the transformation ability of the strain was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain F6 was obtained by 26S rRNA sequencing. After fermentation by F6 strain, it was found that the content of ginsenosides Re, Rb1, and Rb2 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and rare ginsenosides were detected, with the content of Rh4 and Rg5 reaching 2.65 mg·g-1 and 2.56 mg·g-1. We also explored the preventive effect of fermented ginsenoside extract (FGE) on ALI. Mice were evenly divided into 9 groups as follows: control group, ALI model group, positive drug bifendate group, and treatment group, which included 3 ginsenoside extract (GE) groups and 3 FGE groups (dosage of 150, 300, and 450 mg·kg-1 b.w.). The results showed that compared with the ALI model group, FGE significantly increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase, hydroperoxidase, and superoxide dismutase and also decreased the malondialdehyde level. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin markers were significantly reduced, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly decreased. Bioinformatics analysis combined with Western blot validation explored the molecular mechanism of the effect of FGE. It was found that FGE could downregulate the expression of the p-AKT/AKT and the p-mTOR/mTOR ratios. These results suggested that FGE played an alleviative role in ALI by promoting autophagy to inhibit the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Heyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shixin Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Boyu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yunfeng Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen H, Yang M, Shang X, Chen H, Li Y, Li Y, Li L, Qu M, Song X. Pogostemon cablin essential oil as feed additive promotes the repair of the rumen epithelial barrier in heat-stressed beef cattle. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:433-440. [PMID: 39309971 PMCID: PMC11416612 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin essential oil (PEO), extracted from P. cablin, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-stress properties, as well as the ability to improve gastrointestinal digestion. This study aims to evaluate the effects of PEO on the performance, rumen epithelial morphology, and barrier function in heat-stressed beef cattle. Thirty-six male Jingjiang cattle at 18 months old were randomly assigned into four groups and fed a diet containing PEO at 0 (control), 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg in the feed concentrate (n = 9). All experimental cattle were fed under high temperature and humidity in summer for 60 days. The results indicated that 50 mg/kg of PEO treatment enhanced the average daily gain of beef cattle compared with the control group (P = 0.032). All PEO treatments reduced the diamine oxidase activity (P = 0.004) and malondialdehyde content (P = 0.008) in serum. In addition, the content of 70 kDa heat shock protein in the 100 mg/kg group was increased, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in both 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg groups were enhanced compared to the control group (P < 0.05). More importantly, PEO treatment with 50 mg/kg enhanced the mRNA relative expressions of occludin in ruminal epithelia but decreased the mRNA relative expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, Beclin1 (P < 0.05), and extremely significant declined the mRNA relative expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinases and ubiquitin-binding protein in contrast to the control group (P < 0.01). These findings indicated that dietary PEO supplementation might be favorable to improve growth performance and repairing damaged rumen epithelium of heat-stressed cattle by down-regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianglong Shang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yi Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan Y, Yu W, Guo M, Zhu N, Chen X, Li N, Zhong C, Wang G. Autophagy regulates apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells based on signaling pathways. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:367. [PMID: 39182013 PMCID: PMC11344751 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. Its morbidity and mortality rank among the highest in the world. Cancer development is associated with aberrant signaling pathways. Autophagy is a process of cell self-digestion that maintains the intracellular environment and has a bidirectional regulatory role in cancer. Apoptosis is one of the important death programs in cancer cells and is able to inhibit cancer development. Studies have shown that a variety of substances can regulate autophagy and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells through signaling pathways, and participate in the regulation of autophagy on apoptosis. In this paper, we focus on the relevant research on autophagy in colorectal cancer cells based on the involvement of related signaling pathways in the regulation of apoptosis in order to provide new research ideas and therapeutic directions for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Yan
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of CM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of CM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of CM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of CM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Min Guo
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of CM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of CM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Naicheng Zhu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of CM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of CM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xiudan Chen
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of CM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of CM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Nanxin Li
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of CM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of CM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of CM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of CM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Guojuan Wang
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.445, Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin X, You L, Qiao J, Han W, Pan H. Autophagy in colitis-associated colon cancer: exploring its potential role in reducing initiation and preventing IBD-Related CAC development. Autophagy 2024; 20:242-258. [PMID: 37723664 PMCID: PMC10813649 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS A. muciniphila: Akkermansia muciniphila; AIEC: adherent invasive Escherichia coli; AOM/DSS: azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin1, autophagy related; CAC: colitis-associated colon cancer; CCDC50: coiled-coil domain containing 50; CLDN2: claudin 2; CoPEC: colibactin-producing Escherichia coli; CRC: colorectal cancer; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; DC: dendritic cell; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; DTP: drug-resistant persistent; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1/IRE1α: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IECs: intestinal epithelial cells; IKK: IkappaB kinase; IL: interleukin; IRGM1: immunity-related GTPase family M member 1; ISC: intestinal stem cell; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDP: muramyl dipeptide; MELK: maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; miRNA: microRNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; NOD2: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2; NRBF2: nuclear receptor binding factor 2; PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PI3K: class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; RALGAPA2/RalGAPα2: Ral GTPase activating protein protein, alpha subunit 2 (catalytic); RIPK2/CARD3: receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2; RIPK3: receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3; ROS: reactive oxygen species; sCRC: sporadic colorectal cancer; SMARCA4/BRG1: SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TNF/TNFA: tumor necrosis factor; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UPR: unfolded protein response; WT: wild-type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhong Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangkun You
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jincheng Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng T, Lin Z, Jiang G, Chen H, Yang Y, Zeng X. Pogostone attenuates osteolysis in breast cancer by inhibiting the NF-kB and JNK signaling pathways of osteoclast. Life Sci 2023; 328:121611. [PMID: 37068706 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females, and approximately 70 % of all patients have evidence of metastatic bone disease, which substantially affects the quality of life and survival rate of breast cancer patients. Osteoporosis has become a global public health problem, and the abnormal activation of osteoclasts is the key to the progression of osteoporosis and the key to both diseases lies in the osteoclasts. Effective drug treatments are lacking and there is an urgent need to explore new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed the effects of pogostone (PO) on osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption function and other indicators, and F-actin ring formation by using Trap staining, SEM and immunofluorescence, and further explored the targets of pogostone in regulating osteoclast differentiation and function using qPCR and Western Blot. In addition, we used CCK 8, Transwell, and flow cytometry to study the effects of pogostone on proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Animal models were also constructed for in vivo validation. KEY FINDINGS Pogostone inhibits osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, formation of F-actin ring, and the expression of specific genes by attenuated NF-kB degradation and phosphorylation of JNK. In vitro, pogostone suppresses invasion of breast cancer cells, migration, and promotes their apoptosis. In mouse models, pogostone attenuated osteoclast formation and bone resorption, blocked breast cancer cells migration, and supprsed breast cancer-induced osteolysis and ovariectomized (OVX)-mediated osteoporosis. SIGNIFICANCE These biological functions of pogostone make it a potential drug for treatment of breast cancer-associated bone metastasis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaocheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiangbin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park SY, Chung YS, Park SY, Kim SH. Role of AMPK in Regulation of Oxaliplatin-Resistant Human Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2690. [PMID: 36359211 PMCID: PMC9687437 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a platinum analog that can interfere with DNA replication and transcription. Continuous exposure to oxaliplatin results in chemoresistance; however, this mechanism is not well known. In this study, oxaliplatin-resistant (OR) colorectal cancer (CRC) cells of HCT116, HT29, SW480 and SW620 were established by gradually increasing the drug concentration to 2.5 μM. The inhibitory concentrations of cell growth by 50% (IC50) of oxaliplatin were 4.40-12.7-fold significantly higher in OR CRC cells as compared to their respective parental (PT) CRC cells. Phospho-Akt and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) decreased in PT CRC cells but was overexpressed in OR CRC cells in response to oxaliplatin. In addition, an oxaliplatin-mediated decrease in phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in PT CRC cells induced autophagy. Contrastingly, an increased phospho-AMPK in OR CRC cells was accompanied by a decrease in LC3B, further inducing the activity of glycolytic enzymes, such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), to mediate cell survival. Inhibition of AMPK in OR CRC cells induced autophagy through inactivation of Akt/mTOR pathway and a decrease in GLUT1, PFKFB3, and PFK1. Collectively, targeting AMPK may provide solutions to overcome chemoresistance in OR CRC cells and restore chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Ye Seo Chung
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang C, Wang Y, Chen J, Liu L, Yang M, Li Z, Wang C, Pichersky E, Xu H. Synthesis of 4-methylvaleric acid, a precursor of pogostone, involves a 2-isobutylmalate synthase related to 2-isopropylmalate synthase of leucine biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1129-1145. [PMID: 35485988 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We show here that the side chain of pogostone, one of the major components of patchouli oil obtained from Pogostemon cablin and possessing a variety of pharmacological activities, is derived from 4-methylvaleric acid. We also show that 4-methylvaleric acid is produced through the one-carbon α-ketoacid elongation pathway with the involvement of the key enzyme 2-isobutylmalate synthase (IBMS), a newly identified enzyme related to isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) of leucine (Leu) biosynthesis. Site-directed mutagenesis identified Met132 in the N-terminal catalytic region as affecting the substrate specificity of PcIBMS1. Even though PcIBMS1 possesses the C-terminal domain that in IPMS serves to mediate Leu inhibition, it is insensitive to Leu. The observation of the evolution of IBMS from IPMS, as well as previously reported examples of IPMS-related genes involved in making glucosinolates in Brassicaceae, acylsugars in Solanaceae, and flavour compounds in apple, indicate that IPMS genes represent an important pool for the independent evolution of genes for specialised metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Mingxia Yang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Haiyang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Si W, Jin W, Yuan Z, Chen Y, Fu L. Targeting autophagy in colorectal cancer: An update on pharmacological small-molecule compounds. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2373-2385. [PMID: 35589015 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily highly conserved cellular degradation process, plays the Janus role (either cytoprotective or death-promoting) in colorectal cancer, so the targeting of several key autophagic pathways with small-molecule compounds may be a new therapeutic strategy. In this review, we discuss autophagy-associated cell death pathways and key cytoprotective autophagy pathways in colorectal cancer. Moreover, we summarize a series of small-molecule compounds that have the potential to modulate autophagy-associated cell death or cytoprotective autophagy for therapeutic purposes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the Janus role of autophagy in colorectal cancer, and shed new light on the exploitation of a growing number of small-molecule compounds to target autophagy in future cancer drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wen Si
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Limited, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wenke Jin
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhaoxin Yuan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu F, Cai W, Ma T, Zeng H, Kuang X, Chen W, Liu B. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Quality Control, Industrial Application, Pharmacokinetics and Network Pharmacology of Pogostemon cablin: A Comprehensive Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:691-721. [PMID: 35282804 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pogostemonis Herba (PH) is the dried aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, which is mainly distributed and used in Asian countries. PH is an aromatic damp-resolving drug in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is usually used for the treatment of vomiting, chest tension, tiredness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache. In this review, the summary of chemical constituents in the aerial parts, biological activities, history of uses, quality control methods, industrial applications, pharmacokinetics and network pharmacology are reported. By collating the chemical constituents of various parts of PH, a total of 174 components were identified, including 66 terpenes, 6 pyrones, 40 flavonoids, 21 phenylpropanoids, 9 steroids, 4 polysaccharides and 28 others. Pharmacological research has found that PH possesses multi-pharmacological activities, including regulating the gastrointestinal tract, inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, and anti-inflammation, which provide more scientific interpretation for the clinical usage of PH. In addition, the shortcomings of the current research on PH and the recommendation of future studies on PH are analyzed. We hope this review can provide some insight for further research and applications of PH in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medicial College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanna Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medicial College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medicial College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huimei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medicial College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolan Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medicial College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medicial College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medicial College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marsdenia tenacissima Extract Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Cells via MIF/mToR Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7354700. [PMID: 35280512 PMCID: PMC8916871 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7354700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously endangers humans. In traditional Chinese medicine, Marsdenia tenacissima (MTE) has anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, antihypertensive, and anticancer effects. This study reveals the antiproliferative effect of MTE on the HCC cells in vitro and provides a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of anti-HCC agents. Methods. MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to various concentrations and durations of MTE, and an MTT assay was used to detect the effects of MTE on cell proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the morphological changes in the two cell lines after MTE stimulation. The MTE effects on the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of the cell lines were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect target gene expression at the protein and mRNA levels, respectively. Results. MTE reduced the viability of the MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manners (P < 0.05). Autophagic vesicles and apoptotic bodies were found in the MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells after MTE incubation, and the Annexin V-PI assay showed that the apoptotic rates of the cell lines increased with increasing MTE concentration (P < 0.05). Autophagy inducer rapamycin promoted the MTE-induced apoptotic rates of the cell lines, whereas autophagy inhibitor chloroquine inhibited the apoptotic rates. More cells in the S phase were found in the two cell lines after MTE treatment (P < 0.05). After MTE incubation, MIF, CD47, and beclin-1 protein levels significantly increased. Furthermore, in the MTE group, Akt, mTOR, and caspase3 expressions decreased; however, LC 3 expression increased, which was significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions. MTE inhibited proliferation and induced autophagy, apoptosis, and S phase cell cycle arrest in the MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells. These effects might be related to the activation of MIF and mTOR signaling inhibition.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen J, Liu L, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang G, Kraus GA, Pichersky E, Xu H. Characterization of a Cytosolic Acyl-Activating Enzyme Catalyzing the Formation of 4-Methylvaleryl-CoA for Pogostone Biosynthesis in Pogostemon Cablin. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1556-1571. [PMID: 34255851 PMCID: PMC8643619 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pogostone, a compound with various pharmaceutical activities, is a major constituent of the essential oil preparation called Pogostemonis Herba, which is obtained from the plant Pogostemon cablin. The biosynthesis of pogostone has not been elucidated, but 4-methylvaleryl-CoA (4MVCoA) is a likely precursor. We analyzed the distribution of pogostone in P. cablin using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and found that pogostone accumulates at high levels in the main stems and leaves of young plants. A search for the acyl-activating enzyme (AAE) that catalyzes the formation of 4MVCoA from 4-methylvaleric acid was launched, using an RNAseq-based approach to identify 31 unigenes encoding putative AAEs including the PcAAE2, the transcript profile of which shows a strong positive correlation with the distribution pattern of pogostone. The protein encoded by PcAAE2 was biochemically characterized in vitro and shown to catalyze the formation of 4MVCoA from 4-methylvaleric acid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PcAAE2 is closely related to other AAE proteins in P. cablin and other species that are localized to the peroxisomes. However, PcAAE2 lacks a peroxisome targeting sequence 1 (PTS1) and is localized in the cytosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - George A Kraus
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang G, Zhang Y, Ma X, Yang X, Cai Y, Yin W. Pogostone inhibits the activity of CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2E1 in vitro. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:532-536. [PMID: 33915070 PMCID: PMC8871619 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1917630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pogostone possesses various pharmacological activities, which makes it widely used in the clinic. Its effect on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) could guide its clinical combination. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of pogostone on the activity of human CYP450s. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of pogostone on the activity of CYP450s was evaluated in human liver microsomes (HLMs) compared with blank HLMs (negative control) and specific inhibitors (positive control). The corresponding parameters were obtained with 0-100 μM pogostone and various concentrations of substrates. RESULTS Pogostone was found to inhibit the activity of CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2E1 with the IC50 values of 11.41, 12.11, and 14.90 μM, respectively. The inhibition of CYP3A4 by pogostone was revealed to be performed in a non-competitive and time-dependent manner with the Ki value of 5.69 μM and the KI/Kinact value of 5.86/0.056/(μM/min). For the inhibition of CYP2C9 and 2E1, pogostone acted as a competitive inhibitor with the Ki value of 6.46 and 7.67 μM and was not affected by the incubation time. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory effect of pogostone on the activity of CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2E1 has been disclosed in this study, implying the potential risk during the co-administration of pogostone and drugs metabolized by these CYP450s. The study design provides a reference for further in vivo investigations to validate the potential interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Xianjie Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Yuyan Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Wenli Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ye Q, Ling Q, Shen J, Shi L, Chen J, Yang T, Hou Z, Zhao J, Zhou H. Protective effect of pogostone on murine norovirus infected-RAW264.7 macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB/NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114250. [PMID: 34089810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pogostemon cablin, the dry overground parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, has been widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, such as nausea, diarrhea, headaches and fever. Pogostone (PO) is a major component of Pogostemon cablin which has a variety of pharmacological properties, including antiinflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities, and antioxidant. However, the effect of PO on norovirus gastroenteritis and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of PO against MNV infection using RAW264.7 cells and to elucidate its active mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell viability was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was evaluated by assessing the level of phospho-NF-κB p65, interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-18, IL-1β using Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), respectively. The number of infected cells were determined by immunofluorescence microscopic assay. RESULTS PO did not possess a cytotoxic effect toward RAW264.7 cells. The cytotoxic damage caused by MNV infection in RAW264.7 cells decreased significantly in the presence of PO. Cell viability assays showed that pyroptosis is the major mechanism of death in MNV-infected RAW264.7 cells. PO could decreased the expression levels of p-p65, IL-6, TNF-α, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that PO decreases MNV-induced RAW264.7 macrophages death and MNV replication through repressing NF-κB/NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis. Therefore PO may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating norovirus gastroenteritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Ye
- Department of Paediatrics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qihua Ling
- Department of Emergency, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Paediatrics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- Department of Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- Department of Emergency, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Essential Oil in Human Normal Liver Cell Line L02 via the Endogenous Mitochondrial Pathway Rather Than the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147469. [PMID: 34299918 PMCID: PMC8304090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (C. ambrosioides) has been used as dietary condiments and as traditional medicine in South America. The oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (C. ambrosioides) can be used as a natural antioxidant in food processing. It also has analgesic, sedating, and deworming effects, and can be used along with the whole plant for its medical effects: decongestion, as an insecticide, and to offer menstruation pain relief. This study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis effects of an essential oil from C. ambrosioides in vitro. The cytotoxicity evaluation of the essential oil from C. ambrosioides on human normal liver cell line L02 was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. AO/EB dual fluorescent staining assay and Annexin V-FITC were used for apoptosis analysis. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed with 5,5,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1,3,3,-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) dye under a fluorescence microscope. The level of apoptosis related protein expression was quantified by Western blot. The L02 cells were treated with the essential oil from C. ambrosioides at 24, 48, and 72 h, and the IC50 values were 65.45, 58.03, and 35.47 μg/mL, respectively. The AO/EB staining showed that viable apoptotic cells, non-viable apoptotic cells, and non-viable non-apoptotic cells appeared among the L02 cells under the fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle arrest at the S phase and cell apoptosis increased through flow cytometry in the L02 cells treated with the essential oil. MMP decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, as seen through JC-1 staining under the fluorescence microscope. In the L02 cells as shown by Western blot and qPCR, the amount of the apoptosis-related proteins and the mRNA expression levels of cytochrome C, Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 increased, Bcl-2 decreased, and Caspase-12, which is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, showed no obvious changes in protein amount or mRNA expression level. The essential oil form C. ambrosioides had a cytotoxic effect on L02 cells. It could inhibit L02 cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle at the S phase, and induce L02 cell apoptosis through the endogenous mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang R, Xu W, Zheng H, Zheng X, Li B, Jiang L, Jiang S. Involvement of oxidative stress-induced annulus fibrosus cell and nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration pathogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:2725-2739. [PMID: 32892384 PMCID: PMC7891651 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a necrotic form of regulated cell death that was associated with lipid peroxidation and free iron-mediated Fenton reactions. It has been reported that iron deficiency had been implicated in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) by activating apoptosis. However, the role of ferroptosis in the process of IVDD has not been illuminated. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of ferroptosis in IVDD pathogenesis. Our in vitro models show the changes in protein levels of ferroptosis marker and enhanced lipid peroxidation level during oxidative stress. Safranin O staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemical were used to assess the IVDD after 8 weeks of surgical procedure in vivo. Treatment with ferrostatin-1, deferoxamine, and RSL3 demonstrate the role of ferroptosis in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-treated annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Ferritinophagy, nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritin selective autophagy, is originated during the process of ferroptosis in response to TBHP treatment. Knockdown and overexpression NCOA4 further prove TBHP may induce ferroptosis of AFCs and NPCs in an autophagy-dependent way. These findings support a role for oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of IVDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run‐Ze Yang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wen‐Ning Xu
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huo‐Liang Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin‐Feng Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei‐Sheng Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sheng‐Dan Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Isoquercitrin induces apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24318-24332. [PMID: 33260158 PMCID: PMC7762471 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high rates of metastasis and relapse. Isoquercitrin (ISO), a natural flavonoid present in the Chinese bayberry and other plant species, reportedly exerts notable inhibitory effects on tumor cell proliferation, though the mechanism is unknown. In the present study, we exposed HepG2 and Huh7 human liver cancer cells to ISO and examined the roles of autophagy and apoptosis in ISO-mediated cell death. We found that ISO exposure inhibited cell viability and colony growth, activated apoptotic pathway, and triggered dysregulated autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Autophagy inhibition using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or Atg5-targeted siRNA decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage and protected cells against ISO-induced apoptosis. Moreover, autophagy inhibition reversed the upregulation of AMPK phosphorylation and downregulation of mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation elicited by ISO. By contrast, application of a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor failed to inhibit autophagy in ISO-treated cells. These data indicate that ISO simultaneously induced apoptosis and autophagy, and abnormal induction of autophagic flux contributed to ISO-triggered caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kong MY, Li LY, Lou YM, Chi HY, Wu JJ. Chinese herbal medicines for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:369-384. [PMID: 32758397 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the prognosis for CRC patients remains poor. Furthermore, the occurrence of side effects and toxicities severely limits the clinical use of these therapies. Therefore, alternative medications with high efficacy but few side effects are needed. An increasing number of modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials have supported the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for the prevention and treatment of CRC. CHMs may be able to effectively reduce the risk of CRC, alleviate the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy, and prolong the survival time of patients with advanced CRC. Studies of molecular mechanisms have provided deeper insight into the roles of molecules from CHMs in treating CRC. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC, the main molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, the role of CHMs in modulating chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions, and CHM's potential role in epigenetic regulation of CRC. The current study provides beneficial information on the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the clinic, and suggests novel directions for new drug discovery against CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Yan Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Le-Yan Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Mei Lou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Chi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Active Compound of Pharbitis Semen ( Pharbitis nil Seeds) Suppressed KRAS-Driven Colorectal Cancer and Restored Muscle Cell Function during Cancer Progression. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122864. [PMID: 32580297 PMCID: PMC7356163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-driven colorectal cancer (CRC) is notorious to target with drugs and has shown ineffective treatment response. The seeds of Pharbitis nil, also known as morning glory, have been used as traditional medicine in East Asia. We focused on whether Pharbitis nil seeds have a suppressive effect on mutated KRAS-driven CRC as well as reserving muscle cell functions during CRC progression. Seeds of Pharbitis nil (Pharbitis semen) were separated by chromatography and the active compound of Pharbitis semen (PN) was purified by HPLC. The compound PN efficiently suppressed the proliferation of mutated KRAS-driven CRC cells and their clonogenic potentials in a concentration-dependent manner. It also induced apoptosis of SW480 human colon cancer cells and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The CRC related pathways, including RAS/ERK and AKT/mTOR, were assessed and PN reduced the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. Furthermore, PN preserved muscle cell proliferation and myotube formation in cancer conditioned media. In summary, PN significantly suppressed mutated KRAS-driven cell growth and reserved muscle cell function. Based on the current study, PN could be considered as a promising starting point for the development of a nature-derived drug against KRAS-mutated CRC progression.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rahbar Saadat Y, Pourghassem Gargari B, Shahabi A, Nami Y, Yari Khosroushahi A. Prophylactic Role of Lactobacillus paracasei Exopolysaccharides on Colon Cancer Cells through Apoptosis Not Ferroptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays despite conventional methods in colon cancer treatment, targeting vital molecular pathways and induction of various forms of cell death by safe probiotic components like exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are of great importance and are considered as potential therapeutic agents. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of the EPS of L. paracasei on different colon cancer cell lines (SW-480, HT-29, and HCT-116). Methods: For this purpose, several cellular and molecular experiments including MTS assay, DAPI staining, Annexin V/PI assay, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and some important ferroptosis-related assays were performed. Results: Based on the findings, L. paracasei EPS can induce apoptosis confirmed by all apoptosis related assays and could not act through ferroptosis pathways. L. paracasei EPS could hinder the Akt1, mTOR, and Jak-1 mRNAs, and induces apoptosis through down-regulation of the antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2), up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX, caspase-3, 8). Conclusion: The exploited EPS of an indigenous probiotic strain with anticancer potential with low/insignificant cytotoxicity to normal cells is proposed for future applications in molecular targeted therapy of colon cancer treatment. Furthermore, in vivo and clinical trials should be performed to evaluate the applicability of this component besides conventional methods to increase the survival rate of colon cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arman Shahabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Nami
- Branch for North-West and West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Yang J, Wang H, Qiao W, Guo Y, Zhang S, Guo Y. FNDC3B, Targeted by miR-125a-5p and miR-217, Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Colorectal Cancer Cells via PI3K/mTOR Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3501-3510. [PMID: 32431508 PMCID: PMC7201223 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) acts as an oncogene in various cancers, and abnormal expression of FNDC3B has been found in colorectal cancer (CRC). Our study aimed to illustrate the role of FNDC3B in CRC development. Methods Through RT-qPCR and western blotting assays, the mRNA and protein expressions of target genes were measured. CCK-8 and MTT methods were used to detect cell proliferation. Invasion ability was determined using Transwell assay. TargetScan platform and luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to predict and validate the bindings between FNDC3B and miR-125a-5p or miR-217. Besides, the expression correlation was measured by Pearson's Correlation analysis. Results We found that FNDC3B was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and tumor cell lines, and high expression of FNDC3B predicted a poor survival outcome. The bindings between FNDC3B and miR-125a-5p and miR-217 were respectively at the motifs of CUCAGGG and AUGCAGU. MiR-125a-5p and miR-217 were downregulated in CRC tissues, and both were negatively correlated with FNDC3B expression. Subsequently, the downregulated miR-125a-5p and miR-217 were confirmed as contributors FNDC3B upregulation in CRC. A loss-of-function assay demonstrated that FNDC3B knockdown inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells, while FNDC3B overexpression promoted the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. Besides, we validated that PI3K/mTOR signaling was involved in the regulation of FNDC3B on the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells. Conclusion Generally, our findings demonstrated that FNDC3B facilitated cell proliferation and invasion via PI3K/mTOR signaling, and further promoted CRC progression. The novel miR-125a-5p/FNDC3B and miR-217/FNDC3B axes might be new targets for CRC prognosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Li
- First Department of General Surgery, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- First Department of General Surgery, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyang Wang
- First Department of General Surgery, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiao
- First Department of General Surgery, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- First Department of General Surgery, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Zhang
- First Department of General Surgery, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Guo
- First Department of General Surgery, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rahbar Saadat Y, Yari Khosroushahi A, Movassaghpour AA, Talebi M, Pourghassem Gargari B. Modulatory role of exopolysaccharides of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia kudriavzevii as probiotic yeasts from dairy products in human colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
22
|
Zhang F, Fan B, Mao L. Radiosensitizing effects of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide on hypoxic A549 and H520 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1233-1242. [PMID: 31364726 PMCID: PMC6713410 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) polysaccharide (CPP) is a chemical component contained in CP, which has been reported to possess significant hypoglycemic activity. The present study aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing effect and underlying mechanisms of CPP on hypoxic A549 and H520 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Cell viability, apoptosis and proliferation were determined using Cell Counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry and colony formation assay, respectively. mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The results suggested that CPP markedly inhibited the viability of hypoxic A549 and H520 cells. In response to combined treatment with CPP and radiation, hypoxic A549 and H520 cells exhibited enhanced apoptosis; in addition, cell proliferation was suppressed and the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, survivin and cleaved caspase-3 were modified. Furthermore, CPP in combination with radiation affected the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/Akt/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. These findings indicated that CPP may enhance the radiosensitivity of hypoxic A549 and H520 cells; this effect may be associated with inhibition of the mTOR/Akt/PI3K pathway. The potential radiosensitizing effects of CPP on hypoxic A549 and H520 cells suggested that CPP may be an effective target for treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252002, P.R. China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252002, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Mao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khandia R, Dadar M, Munjal A, Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Iqbal HMN, Singh KP, Joshi SK, Chaicumpa W. A Comprehensive Review of Autophagy and Its Various Roles in Infectious, Non-Infectious, and Lifestyle Diseases: Current Knowledge and Prospects for Disease Prevention, Novel Drug Design, and Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070674. [PMID: 31277291 PMCID: PMC6678135 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (self-eating) is a conserved cellular degradation process that plays important roles in maintaining homeostasis and preventing nutritional, metabolic, and infection-mediated stresses. Autophagy dysfunction can have various pathological consequences, including tumor progression, pathogen hyper-virulence, and neurodegeneration. This review describes the mechanisms of autophagy and its associations with other cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and autosis. Autophagy has both positive and negative roles in infection, cancer, neural development, metabolism, cardiovascular health, immunity, and iron homeostasis. Genetic defects in autophagy can have pathological consequences, such as static childhood encephalopathy with neurodegeneration in adulthood, Crohn's disease, hereditary spastic paraparesis, Danon disease, X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy, and sporadic inclusion body myositis. Further studies on the process of autophagy in different microbial infections could help to design and develop novel therapeutic strategies against important pathogenic microbes. This review on the progress and prospects of autophagy research describes various activators and suppressors, which could be used to design novel intervention strategies against numerous diseases and develop therapeutic drugs to protect human and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462 026, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31975/148, Iran
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462 026, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu WN, Yang RZ, Zheng HL, Yu W, Zheng XF, Li B, Jiang SD, Jiang LS. PGC-1α acts as an mediator of Sirtuin2 to protect annulus fibrosus from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress through restraining mitophagy. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:1007-1017. [PMID: 31238070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of annulus fibrosus (AF) is observed widely in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) which causes weaken of tension in the annulus of intervertebral disc. Previous studies reported that apoptosis of AF is induced mainly by oxidative stress. SIRT2 is a major regulator of mitochondria to mediate ROS production. However, the mechanism of SIRT2 in IVDD remains unclear. Here, the expression of SIRT2 was detected in AF cells exposed to tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by western blotting. Autophagic flux and apoptosis were assessed by western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence respectively. Safranin O staining, HE, and immunohistochemical were used to assess the IVDD after 3, 6 and 9 months of surgical procedure in vivo. The expression of SIRT2 was decreased in AF cells treated with TBHP. Repression of mitophagy alleviated the apoptosis of AF cells caused by TBHP. Overexpression of PGC-1α prevented AF cells from apoptosis and mitophagy after applying Lenti-PGC-1α to transfect AF cells. These protections of PGC-1α were reduced by FCCP. Furthermore, the expression of PGC-1α was reduced and the level of mitophagy was increased in IVDD models. In conclusion, this study indicates that the regulation of PGC-1α expression provide a new theoretical basis for the mechanism of IVDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ning Xu
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Run-Ze Yang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Huo-Liang Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Sheng-Dan Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Lei-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Iridoids from Valeriana jatamansi induce autophagy-associated cell death via the PDK1/Akt/mTOR pathway in HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:136-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
26
|
Akkoç S. Derivatives of 1‐(2‐(Piperidin‐1‐yl)ethyl)‐1
H
‐benzo[
d
]imidazole: Synthesis, Characterization, Determining of Electronic Properties and Cytotoxicity Studies. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Akkoç
- Suleyman Demirel UniversityFaculty of PharmacyDepartment of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences 32260, Isparta/ Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fu B, Xi S, Wang Y, Zhai X, Wang Y, Gong Y, Xu Y, Yang J, Qiu Y, Wang J, Lu D, Huang S. The Protective Effects of Ciji-Hua'ai-Baosheng II Formula on Chemotherapy-Treated H 22 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mouse Model by Promoting Tumor Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1539. [PMID: 30670974 PMCID: PMC6331466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciji-Hua'ai-Baosheng II Formula (CHB-II-F) is a traditional Chinese medical formula that has been shown in clinical practice to relieve side effects of chemotherapy and improve quality of life for cancer patients. In order to understand the mechanism of its protective effects on chemotherapy, mice with transplanted H22 hepatocellular carcinoma were employed in this study. Ninety-two mice were injected subcutaneously with H22 HCC cell suspension into the right anterior armpit. After mice were treated with 5-fluorine pyrimidine (5-FU), they were divided into six groups as untreated group, 5-FU group, 5-FU plus Yangzheng Xiaoji Capsule group and three groups of 5-FU plus different concentrations of CHB-II-F. Twenty mice were euthanized after 7 days of treatment in untreated and medium concentration of CHB-II-F groups and all other mice were euthanized after 14 days of treatment. Herbal components/metabolites were analyzed by UPLC-MS. Tumors were evaluated by weight and volume, morphology of light and electron microscope, and cell cycle. Apoptosis were examined by apoptotic proteins expression by western blot. Four major components/metabolites were identified from serum of mice treated with CHB-II-F and they are β-Sitosterol, Salvianolic acid, isobavachalcone, and bakuchiol. Treatment of CHB-II-F significantly increased body weights of mice and decreased tumor volume compared to untreated group. Moreover, CHB-II-F treatment increased tumor cells in G0-G1 transition instead of in S phase. Furthermore, CHB-II-F treatment increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and decreased the expression anti-apoptotic protein. Therefore, CHB-II-F could improve mice general condition and reduce tumor cell malignancy. Moreover, CHB-II-F regulates apoptosis of tumor cells, which could contribute its protective effect on chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biqian Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengyan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yangxinzi Xu
- Department of Physiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yingkun Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuqiong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li T, Xu K, Liu Y. Anticancer effect of salidroside reduces viability through autophagy/PI3K/Akt and MMP-9 signaling pathways in human bladder cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3162-3168. [PMID: 30127910 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salidroside has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-fertility abilities. In the present study, the effects of salidroside on the viability and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells, and the potential underlying mechanisms, were examined. In the present study, treatment with salidroside reduced cell viability, and induced apoptosis and caspase-9/3 activation in the T24 human bladder carcinoma cell line. Salidroside induced autophagy, promoted the protein expression of nucleoporin p62 and the microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B, suppressed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) expression, inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and increased that of Bcl-2-associated X protein, which functions as an apoptosis regulator in T24 cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the effect of salidroside reduced the viability and induced the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells through the autophagy/PI3K/Akt and MMP-9 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.,Minimally Invasive Technique and Product Translational Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.,Minimally Invasive Technique and Product Translational Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Facile construction of fused benzimidazole-isoquinolinones that induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3899-3908. [PMID: 29921474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent, malignant gastrointestinal tumors, and strategies and effectiveness of current therapy are limited. A series of benzimidazole-isoquinolinone derivatives (BIDs) was synthesized and screened to identify novel scaffolds for CRC. Of the compounds evaluated, 7g exhibited the most promising anti-cancer properties. Employing two CRC cell lines, SW620 and HT29, 7g was found to suppress growth and proliferation of the cell lines at a concentration of ∼20 µM. Treatment followed an increase in G2/M cell cycle arrest, which was attributed to cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) signaling deficiencies with simultaneous enhancement in p21 and p53 activity. In addition, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis was induced in CRC cells. Interestingly, 7g decreased phosphorylated AKT, mTOR and 4E-BP1 levels, while promoting the expression/stability of PTEN. Since PTEN controls input into the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, antiproliferative effects can be attributed to PTEN-mediated tumor suppression. Collectively, these results suggest that BIDs exert antitumor activity in CRC by impairing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Against a small kinase panel, 7g exhibited low affinity at 5 µM suggesting anticancer properties likely stem through a non-kinase mechanism. Because of the novelty of BIDs, the structure can serve as a lead scaffold to design new CRC therapies.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang X, Qi X, Yang B, Chen S, Wang J. Autophagy Benefits the Replication of Egg Drop Syndrome Virus in Duck Embryo Fibroblasts. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1091. [PMID: 29896171 PMCID: PMC5986908 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV) is an economically important pathogen with a broad host range, and it causes disease that leads to markedly decreased egg production. Although EDSV is known to induce apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs), the interaction between EDSV and its host needs to be further researched. Here, we provide the first evidence that EDSV infection triggers autophagy in DEFs through increases in autophagosome-like double-membrane vesicles, the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, and LC3 colocalization with viral hexon proteins. Conversely, P62/SQSTM1 degradation, LC3-II turnover, and colocalization of LAMP and LC3 confirmed that EDSV infection triggers complete autophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) and 3-methyladenine (3MA) or RNA interference targeting ATG-7 decreased the yield of EDSV progeny. In contrast, induction of autophagy by rapamycin increased the EDSV progeny yield. In addition, we preliminarily demonstrated that the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to autophagic induction following EDSV infection. Altogether, these finding lead us to conclude that EDSV infection induces autophagy, which benefits its own replication in host cells. These findings provide novel insights into EDSV-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zearalenone altered the cytoskeletal structure via ER stress- autophagy- oxidative stress pathway in mouse TM4 Sertoli cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3320. [PMID: 29463855 PMCID: PMC5820275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the destruction of cytoskeletal structure by Zearalenone (ZEA) in mouse-derived TM4 cells. In order to investigate the role of autophagy, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress in the process of destruction of cytoskeletal structure, the effects of ZEA on the cell viability, cytoskeletal structure, autophagy, oxidative stress, ER stress, MAPK and PI3K- AKT- mTOR signaling pathways were studied. The data demonstrated that ZEA damaged the cytoskeletal structure through the induction of autophagy that leads to the alteration of cytoskeletal structure via elevated oxidative stress. Our results further showed that the autophagy was stimulated by ZEA through PI3K-AKT-mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways in TM4 cells. In addition, ZEA also induced the ER stress which was involved in the induction of the autophagy through inhibiting the ERK signal pathway to suppress the phosphorylation of mTOR. ER stress was involved in the damage of cytoskeletal structure through induction of autophagy by producing ROS. Taken together, this study revealed that ZEA altered the cytoskeletal structure via oxidative stress - autophagy- ER stress pathway in mouse TM4 Sertoli cells.
Collapse
|
32
|
Han C, Xing G, Zhang M, Zhong M, Han Z, He C, Liu X. Wogonoside inhibits cell growth and induces mitochondrial-mediated autophagy-related apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541215 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wogonoside, the main effective constituent of traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria, belongs to the glucuronide family, with various functions, including detoxification, anti-inflammation and nourishing gallbladder, lowering blood pressure, diuresis and anti-allergic reactions. However, the effects of wogonoside on human colon cancer cells remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of wogonoside on human colon cancer cells in vitro and its anticancer mechanisms. The results demonstrated that wogonoside significantly inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis and mitochondrial-mediated autophagy of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the results revealed that wogonoside significantly increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression levels, induced apoptosis regulator Bax/Bcl-2 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 protein expression, suppressed the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling pathway and induced p62 protein expression in colon cancer cells. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that wogonoside inhibits cell growth and induces mitochondrial mediated autophagy-related apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzheng Han
- Clinic of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Guozheng Xing
- School of Management, Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Chiyi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ye Z, Fang B, Pan J, Zhang N, Huang J, Xie C, Lou T, Cao Z. miR-138 suppresses the proliferation, metastasis and autophagy of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting Sirt1. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3244-3252. [PMID: 28498463 PMCID: PMC5442395 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study determined the role and mechanism of miR-138 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In total, 45 freshly resected clinical NSCLC tissues were collected. The expression of miR-138 in tissues and cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. miR-138 mimics were transfected into A549 and Calu-3 cells in vitro, and then the effects of miR-138 on lung cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion and metastasis were investigated by CCK-8 assay, Transwell and flow cytometry, respectively. The protein expression of the potential target gene Sirt1 in lung cancer cells were determined by western blot analysis. Dual-Luciferase reporter assay was performed to further confirm whether Sirt1 was the target gene of miR-138. The expression of miR-138 was significantly lower in lung cancer tissues and was negatively correlated to the differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis of lung cancer. In vitro experiment results showed that miR-138 inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration. It was verified that miR-138 could downregulate Sirt1 protein expression, inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), decrease the activity of AMPK signaling pathway and elevate mTOR phosphorylation level. Dual-Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-138 could directly regulate Sirt1. Downregulation of Sirt1 alone can also cause the same molecular and biological function changes. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy results indicated that overexpression of miR-138 or interference of Sirt1 expression could inhibit lung cancer cell autophagy activity possibly through AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. miR-138 plays a tumor suppressor function in lung cancer. It may inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of lung cancer through downregulation of Sirt1 expression and activation of cell autophagy. The downregulation of miR-138 is closely related to the development of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiting Ye
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospitlal, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Bingmu Fang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospitlal, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospitlal, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospitlal, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Jinwei Huang
- The Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Congying Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Tianzheng Lou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospitlal, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospitlal, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang B, Zhao S. Polydatin regulates proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy in multiple myeloma cells through mTOR/p70s6k pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:935-944. [PMID: 28243129 PMCID: PMC5317338 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s123398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydatin (PD) plays an important role in suppressing platelet aggregation, reducing blood lipid, restoring microcirculation and protecting from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and shock. In addition, PD possesses anticancer activity. However, the effect and the mechanism of PD in regulating multiple myeloma (MM) cell survival and death are still unknown. METHODS Cell proliferation and apoptosis of RPMI 8226 cells, respectively, were analyzed by cell counting kit8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by Western blot. Autophagy induced by PD was investigated by detecting the levels of Beclin 1, Atg5, LC3I, LC3II, HSP70 and HSP27. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), mTOR/p70s6k inhibitor rapamycin, and mTOR activator MHY1485 were used to analyze the mechanism of cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy influenced by PD. The phosphorylations of mTOR and p70s6k were detected by Western blot. RESULTS A gradual decrease in cell proliferation of RPMI 8226 cells was observed with an increase in PD concentrations (P<0.05). PD also induced cell apoptosis and autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner. Both 3-MA and MHY1485 reversed the inhibitory effect of PD on cell proliferation and attenuated the positive effect of PD on cell apoptosis and autophagy. The phosphorylation of mTOR and p70s6k was significantly suppressed by PD (P<0.05). Furthermore, inhibition of the mTOR/p70s6k signaling pathway by rapamycin significantly induced autophagy and apoptosis and inhibited cell viability (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PD effectively suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and autophagy of MM cells via the mTOR/p70s6k signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, indicating that PD could be a potential anticancer drug for MM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Yang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of PINGMEISHENMA Medical Group, Pingdingshan
| | - Shunxin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu YH, Weng YP, Lin HY, Tang SW, Chen CJ, Liang CJ, Ku CY, Lin JY. Aqueous extract of Polygonum bistorta modulates proteostasis by ROS-induced ER stress in human hepatoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41437. [PMID: 28134285 PMCID: PMC5278379 DOI: 10.1038/srep41437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the leading cause of cancer mortality with limited therapeutic targets. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in maintaining proteostasis in normal cells. However, alterations in proteostasis are often found in cancer cells, making it a potential target for therapy. Polygonum bistorta is used in traditional Chinese medicine owing to its anticancer activities, but the molecular and pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Using hepatoma cells as a model system, this study demonstrated that P. bistorta aqueous extract (PB) stimulated ER stress by increasing autophagosomes but by blocking degradation, followed by the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and cell apoptosis. In addition, an autophagy inhibitor did not enhance ubiquitinated protein accumulation whereas a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger diminished both ubiquitinated protein accumulation and ligand-stimulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, suggesting that ROS generation by PB may be upstream of PB-triggered cell death. Nevertheless, PB-exerted proteostasis impairment resulted in cytoskeletal changes, impairment of cell adhesion and motility, and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Oral administration of PB delayed tumour growth in a xenograft model without significant body weight loss. These findings indicate that PB may be a potential new alternative or complementary medicine for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yui-Ping Weng
- Graduate Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Liang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Ku
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu M, Zhao G, Cao S, Zhang Y, Li X, Lin X. Development of Certain Protein Kinase Inhibitors with the Components from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:523. [PMID: 28119606 PMCID: PMC5220067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used in China for more than two thousand years, and some of them have been confirmed to be effective in cancer treatment. Protein kinases play critical roles in control of cell growth, proliferation, migration, survival, and angiogenesis and mediate their biological effects through their catalytic activity. In recent years, numerous protein kinase inhibitors have been developed and are being used clinically. Anticancer TCMs represent a large class of bioactive substances, and some of them display anticancer activity via inhibiting protein kinases to affect the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, serine/threonine-specific protein kinases, pechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), P38, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathways. In the present article, we comprehensively reviewed several components isolated from anticancer TCMs that exhibited significantly inhibitory activity toward a range of protein kinases. These components, which belong to diverse structural classes, are reviewed herein, based upon the kinases that they inhibit. The prospects and problems in development of the anticancer TCMs are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|