1
|
Wang L, Yang W, Zhu JQ, Huang YF, Zhong M, Loo SKF, Ip SP, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Sub-chronic toxicity of the active fraction of a modified Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101682. [PMID: 39006370 PMCID: PMC11245941 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula named Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction (HLJDD) has been used to cure various inflammatory diseases with a long history. However, one component of HLJDD Gardeniae fructus has remarkable liver and kidney toxicities. Therefore, it was altered with Dictamni cortex to form a modified HLJDD (MHLJDD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity of the active fraction of MHLJDD (MHLJDD-F) in rats. Adult rats of both sexes were intragastrically administered with vehicle or MHLJDD-F (at the dose of 170, 340, and 680 mg/kg/day) once daily for 90 days. Half of the rats from each group were kept for an additional 30-day period to observe the drug withdrawal effect. The signs of toxicity and mortality of the rats were observed, and the body weight and food consumption were recorded. Blood was collected for hematological and biochemical analyses and major organs were weighed and harvested for histopathological examinations. The results revealed that no systemic toxicity of MHLJDD-F was found during the experiments. Organ coefficients and pathological alterations of major organs were comparable to the control rats. The no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of MHLJDD-F was found up to 680 mg/kg/day. All these results demonstrated that long-term oral administration of MHLJDD-F did not cause significant toxicity, which is worthy to be widely applied as a new herbal medicine in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia-Qian Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven King Fan Loo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin SE, Lee MY, Ha H, Shin HK, Seo CS. Safety evaluation of Gamisoyo-san: genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and influence on drug-metabolizing enzymes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38291610 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2308830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Gamisoyo-san is an herbal formula widely used to treat psychological issues, menopausal symptoms, and dysmenorrhea. However, there is insufficient information on its safety profile. This study aimed to confirm the genotoxic and acute toxic potential of Gamisoyo-san. We performed a battery of tests, which included a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) using five bacterial strains, an in vitro chromosomal aberration test using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, an in vivo micronucleus test in mice, and human Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) assays. In the acute toxicity study, male and female rats were orally administered Gamisoyo-san 1000, 2000, or 5000 mg/kg and observed for 14 days. The activities of human CYP450s and UGTs were evaluated using recombinant baculosomes. Gamisoyo-san showed no signs of genotoxicity in the five bacterial strains, CHL cells, or mouse bone marrow cells. The acute toxicity test showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) of Gamisoyo-san was greater than 5000 mg/kg in rats. Gamisoyo-san inhibited the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and UGT1A1. In conclusion, Gamisoyo-san may not exert severe toxicological events or genotoxic effects at doses up to 5000 mg/kg in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eun Jin
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jang JH, Seo CS, Ha H, Han SC, Lee MY, Shin HK. Genotoxicity of Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma (Aristolochiaceae) ethanolic extract in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114122. [PMID: 33964359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional herbal medicines have diverse efficacy and are increasingly used worldwide. However, some of these herbal medicines have toxicities or side effects, but the scientific understanding of traditional herbal medicine toxicity has not yet been established. Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma (ARE) is known as a herbal medicine used to relieve pain, and recent studies have shown that ARE has anticancer and antimelanogenesis efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY Current study was conducted to assess the potential genotoxicity of an ethanolic extract of ARE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genotoxixity of ARE was confirmed by the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), a mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and a micronucleus test in vivo using ICR mice and comet assay using Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS ARE showed no genotoxicity in a micronucleus test up to 2000 mg/kg body weight in vivo. By contrast, the chromosomal aberration test showed that ARE induced an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations after treatment for 6 h with a metabolic activation system and for 6 and 22 h without the metabolic activation system when compared with vehicle control. In the Ames test, all strains except TA1535, with or without a metabolic activation system, showed an increase in the number of revertant mutant colonies in the ARE-treated group. In comet assay, DNA damage was observed in the stomach when ARE was administered. CONCLUSION ARE potentially shows genotoxicity by inducing DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jang
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Cheol Han
- Division of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, P.O. Box 123, 19 Sinseongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan Z, Yang L, Zhang X, Ji P, Hua Y, Wei Y. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction Ameliorates Acute Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via Regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways and Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1354. [PMID: 31849642 PMCID: PMC6900672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and injury of mucosal barrier are closely related to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Huang-lian-Jie-du Decoction (HLJDD) is a well-known prescription of traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities, which may be used to treat UC. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism are still unclear. In this study, the UC model of BABL/c mice were established by DSS [3.5% (w/v)], and HLJDD was given orally for treatment at the same time. During the experiment, the clinical symptoms of mice were scored by disease activity index (DAI). Besides, the effects of HLJDD on immune function, oxidative stress, colon NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathway, and intestinal mucosal barrier function in UC mice were also investigated. The results showed that HLJDD could alleviate body weight loss and DAI score of UC mice, inhibit colonic shortening and relieve colonic pathological damage, and reduce plasma and colon MPO levels. In addition, HLJDD treatment significantly up-regulated plasma IL-10, down-regulated TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and inhibited the expression of NF-κB p65, p-IκKα/β, and p-IκBα proteins in the colon. Moreover, NO and MDA levels in colon tissues were significantly reduced after HLJDD treatment, while GSH, SOD levels and Nrf2, Keap1 protein expression levels were remarkably elevated. Additionally, HLJDD also protected intestinal mucosa by increasing the secretion of mucin and the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in colonic mucosa. These results indicate that HLJDD could effectively alleviate DSS-induced mice UC by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway, activating Nrf2 signaling pathway, and enhancing intestinal barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongli Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han EH, Lim MK, Lee SH, Rahman MM, Lim YH. An oral toxicity test in rats and a genotoxicity study of extracts from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:31. [PMID: 30691445 PMCID: PMC6350306 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFIS) is used widely in Korea to treat constipation due to its diuretic effects and its enhancement of bowel function and appetite. However, its safety has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeated oral toxicity and genotoxicity of OFIS extract (OE). METHODS White female and male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 6) were divided into 4 groups, and OE was administered to them orally (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day, respectively) for one week. The Ames test, the chromosomal aberration assay, and the mammalian micronucleus test were performed to determine the OE genotoxicity. The Ames test was conducted using Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) strains TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA153 and Escherichia coli (E. coli) WP2 urvA, and Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells were used for the chromosomal aberration assay. The mammalian micronucleus test was performed using mouse bone marrow cells. RESULTS This study revealed that OE administration did not alter the normal rat behavior, body weight gain, and food and water consumption with respect to the normal controls. In addition, there were no toxic effects observed during the ophthalmological test. The biochemical hematological and serum values as well as urinalysis parameters and organ weights were all similar to those of the normal control group. In addition, no mutagenicity effects from the OE were found in S. typhimurium or E. coli with or without S9 activation according to the Ames test. The OE did not significantly alter the number of structural aberrations in the CHL cells in the presence or absence of S9 activation. The oral administration of OE also caused no significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or in the mean ratio of polychromatic to total erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, OE could be considered as a reliable and safe herbal medicine or functional food since no toxicity was found under the conditions of this study.
Collapse
|
6
|
Genotoxicity Evaluation of an Ethanol Extract Mixture of Astragali Radix and Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5684805. [PMID: 30402128 PMCID: PMC6198562 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5684805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myelophil, a combination of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, is one of the most commonly used remedies for disorders of Qi and blood in traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the clinical applications of these plants, in particular to pregnant woman, this study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of an ethanol extract mixture of the above two herbs, called Myelophil. Following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline methods, a genotoxicity test was conducted using a bacterial reverse mutation test with Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) and Escherichia coli (WP2μvrA), an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test using a Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-K1), and an in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test using ICR mouse bone marrow. In the Ames test, for both types of mutations (base substitution and frameshift) under conditions with/without an S9 mix up to 5,000 μg/plate, Myelophil did not increase the number of revertant colonies of all S. typhimurium strains as well as E. coli strain. For both short (6 h) and long tests with/without S9 mix, the chromosome aberration test did not show any significant increase in the number of structural or numerical chromosome aberrations by Myelophil. In addition, no significant change in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in the bone marrow of an ICR mouse administered Myelophil orally at 2,000 mg/kg/day for 2 days, respectively. These results are the first to provide experimental evidence that Myelophil, an ethanol extract mixture of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, has no risk of genotoxicity.
Collapse
|