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Ahmed KAA, Jabbar AAJ, M Raouf MMH, Al-Qaaneh AM, Mothana RA, Alanzi AR, Abdullah FO, Abdulla MA, Hasson S, Zainel MA. Wood calamint ameliorates ethanol-induced stomach injury in rats by augmentation of hsp/bax and inflammatory mechanisms. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:567-579. [PMID: 38888815 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Clinopodium menthifolium (wood calamint) is a folkloric medicinal plant ingested as a treatment for many human disorders including gastric disorders. Our study evaluates the anti-ulcer potentials of Clinopodium menthifolium ethanol extracts (CMEE) in induced gastric ulcers in rats. Thirty Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups: normal and ulcer controls, treated orally with Tween 20%; reference rats treated with Omeprazole 20 mg/kg, and the remaining two groups received 250 and 500 mg/kg CMEE for 2 weeks. After that, food was taken away for 24 h, and then, rats received ethanol-induced gastric ulceration (except normal control), 80% (1 ml/rat). After anesthetization and sacrificing, the ulcer index, mucus content, and other ulcer measurements were obtained from dissected rat stomachs. Stomach tissues were also analyzed by different histology procedures and homogenized stomach tissues were assessed for their antioxidant contents. The toxicity trial showed the absence of any toxic signs in rats supplemented with 2 and 5 g/kg of CMEE. The gastroprotective results showed a significantly lower ulcer index and higher gastric mucin content in CMEE-ingested rats compared to ulcer controls. Furthermore, CMEE treatments significantly increased the intensity of periodic acid Schiff stained (PAS), HSP 70 protein, and down-regulation of Bax protein expression in the stomach epithelium. Rats supplemented with 500 mg/kg revealed noticeable changes in their serum inflammatory cytokines along with positive regulations of antioxidant enzymes. The outcomes provide a scientific backup behind the gastroprotective potential effect of CMEE that could serve as a natural resource against peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abdul-Aziz Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Ahmed A J Jabbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, 44001, Iraq.
| | - Mohammed M Hussein M Raouf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan,, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ayman M Al-Qaaneh
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan
| | - Ramzi A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alanzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Othman Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sidgi Hasson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Lewis AJ, Richards AC, Mendez AA, Dhakal BK, Jones TA, Sundsbak JL, Eto DS, Rousek AA, Mulvey MA. Plant phenolics inhibit focal adhesion kinase and suppress host cell invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0008024. [PMID: 38534100 PMCID: PMC11075462 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00080-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional folk treatments for the prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other infectious diseases often include plants and plant extracts that are rich in phenolic compounds. These have been ascribed a variety of activities, including inhibition of bacterial interactions with host cells. Here, we tested a panel of four well-studied phenolic compounds-caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), resveratrol, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate-for the effects on host cell adherence and invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). These bacteria, which are the leading cause of UTIs, can bind and subsequently invade bladder epithelial cells via an actin-dependent process. Intracellular UPEC reservoirs within the bladder are often protected from antibiotics and host defenses and likely contribute to the development of chronic and recurrent infections. In cell culture-based assays, only resveratrol had a notable negative effect on UPEC adherence to bladder cells. However, both CAPE and resveratrol significantly inhibited UPEC entry into the host cells, coordinate with attenuated phosphorylation of the host actin regulator Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK or PTK2) and marked increases in the numbers of focal adhesion structures. We further show that the intravesical delivery of resveratrol inhibits UPEC infiltration of the bladder mucosa in a murine UTI model and that resveratrol and CAPE can disrupt the ability of other invasive pathogens to enter host cells. Together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of molecules like CAPE and resveratrol, which could be used to augment antibiotic treatments by restricting pathogen access to protective intracellular niches.IMPORTANCEUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are exceptionally common and increasingly difficult to treat due to the ongoing rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Furthermore, the primary cause of UTIs, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), can avoid antibiotic exposure and many host defenses by invading the epithelial cells that line the bladder surface. Here, we identified two plant-derived phenolic compounds that disrupt activation of the host machinery needed for UPEC entry into bladder cells. One of these compounds, resveratrol, effectively inhibited UPEC invasion of the bladder mucosa in a mouse UTI model, and both phenolic compounds significantly reduced host cell entry by other invasive pathogens. These findings suggest that select phenolic compounds could be used to supplement existing antibacterial therapeutics by denying uropathogens shelter within host cells and tissues and help explain some of the benefits attributed to traditional plant-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lewis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alejandra A. Mendez
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bijaya K. Dhakal
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tiffani A. Jones
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jamie L. Sundsbak
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Danelle S. Eto
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alexis A. Rousek
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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3
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Lewis AJ, Richards AC, Mendez AA, Dhakal BK, Jones TA, Sundsbak JL, Eto DS, Mulvey MA. Plant Phenolics Inhibit Focal Adhesion Kinase and Suppress Host Cell Invasion by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.23.568486. [PMID: 38045282 PMCID: PMC10690256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.23.568486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional folk treatments for the prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other infectious diseases often include plants and plant extracts that are rich in phenolic and polyphenolic compounds. These have been ascribed a variety of activities, including inhibition of bacterial interactions with host cells. Here we tested a panel of four well-studied phenolic compounds - caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), resveratrol, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate - for effects on host cell adherence and invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). These bacteria, which are the leading cause of UTIs, can bind and subsequently invade bladder epithelial cells via an actin-dependent process. Intracellular UPEC reservoirs within the bladder are often protected from antibiotics and host defenses, and likely contribute to the development of chronic and recurrent infections. Using cell culture-based assays, we found that only resveratrol had a notable negative effect on UPEC adherence to bladder cells. However, both CAPE and resveratrol significantly inhibited UPEC entry into the host cells, coordinate with attenuated phosphorylation of the host actin regulator Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK, or PTK2) and marked increases in the numbers of focal adhesion structures. We further show that the intravesical delivery of resveratrol inhibits UPEC infiltration of the bladder mucosa in a murine UTI model, and that resveratrol and CAPE can disrupt the ability of other invasive pathogens to enter host cells. Together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of molecules like CAPE and resveratrol, which could be used to augment antibiotic treatments by restricting pathogen access to protective intracellular niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lewis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, 257 S 1400 E, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, 1390 Presidents Circle, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alejandra A. Mendez
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, 257 S 1400 E, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, 1390 Presidents Circle, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bijaya K. Dhakal
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tiffani A. Jones
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jamie L. Sundsbak
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Danelle S. Eto
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, 257 S 1400 E, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, 1390 Presidents Circle, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Silva E, Teixeira JA, Pereira MO, Rocha CMR, Sousa AM. Evolving biofilm inhibition and eradication in clinical settings through plant-based antibiofilm agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154973. [PMID: 37499434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After almost 100 years since evidence of biofilm mode of growth and decades of intensive investigation about their formation, regulatory pathways and mechanisms of antimicrobial tolerance, nowadays there are still no therapeutic solutions to eradicate bacterial biofilms and their biomedical related issues. PURPOSE This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent and most relevant published studies on plant-based products, or their isolated compounds with antibiofilm activity mechanisms of action or identified molecular targets against bacterial biofilms. The objective is to offer a new perspective of most recent data for clinical researchers aiming to prevent or eliminate biofilm-associated infections caused by bacterial pathogens. METHODS The search was performed considering original research articles published on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from 2015 to April 2023, using keywords such as "antibiofilm", "antivirulence", "phytochemicals" and "plant extracts". RESULTS Over 180 articles were considered for this review with a focus on the priority human pathogens listed by World Health Organization, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Inhibition and detachment or dismantling of biofilms formed by these pathogens were found using plant-based extract/products or derivative compounds. Although combination of plant-based products and antibiotics were recorded and discussed, this topic is currently poorly explored and only for a reduced number of bacterial species. CONCLUSIONS This review clearly demonstrates that plant-based products or derivative compounds may be a promising therapeutic strategy to eliminate bacterial biofilms and their associated infections. After thoroughly reviewing the vast amount of research carried out over years, it was concluded that plant-based products are mostly able to prevent biofilm formation through inhibition of quorum sensing signals, but also to disrupt mature biofilms developed by multidrug resistant bacteria targeting the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds seemed the most effective against bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olivia Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina M R Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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Campos D, García‐Ríos D, Aguilar‐Galvez A, Chirinos R, Pedreschi R. Comparison of conventional and ultrasound‐assisted extractions of polyphenols from Inca muña (
Clinopodium bolivianum
) and their characterization using UPLC–PDA‐ESI–Q/TOF–MS
n
technique. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina La Molina Peru
| | - Diego García‐Ríos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina La Molina Peru
- Escuela de Agronomía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso La Palma Chile
| | - Ana Aguilar‐Galvez
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina La Molina Peru
| | - Rosana Chirinos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina La Molina Peru
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso La Palma Chile
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Yang W, Liu P, Chen Y, Lv Q, Wang Z, Huang W, Jiang H, Zheng Y, Jiang Y, Sun L. Dictamnine Inhibits the Adhesion to and Invasion of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli (UPEC) to Urothelial Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27010272. [PMID: 35011504 PMCID: PMC8746591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common pathogenic bacteria associated with urinary tract infection (UTI). UPEC can cause UTI by adhering to and invading uroepithelial cells. Fimbriae is the most important virulence factor of UPEC, and a potentially promising target in developing novel antibacterial treatments. In this study, the antibacterial properties and effects of the compound dictamnine, extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Dictamni, on the bacterial morphology, cell adhesion, and invasion of UPEC were studied. Dictamnine exhibited no obvious antibacterial activity against UPEC, but significantly impeded the ability of UPEC to adhere to and invade uroepithelial cells. RT-qPCR analysis showed that treatment downregulated the expression of type 1 fimbriae, P fimbriae, and curli fimbriae adhesion genes, and also downregulated adhesion-related receptor genes of uroepithelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that dictamnine destroyed the structure of the fimbriae and the surface of the bacteria became smooth. These results suggest that dictamnine may help to prevent UTI by simultaneously targeting UPEC fimbriae and urothelial adhesin receptors, and may have a potential use as a new anti-UPEC drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.Y.); (Z.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; (P.L.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (H.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; (P.L.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (H.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; (P.L.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (H.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhongtian Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; (P.L.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (H.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; (P.L.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (H.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; (P.L.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (H.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; (P.L.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (H.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (L.S.)
| | - Liping Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.Y.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (L.S.)
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7
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Marouf R, Mbarga JM, Ermolaev A, Podoprigora I, Smirnova I, Yashina N, Zhigunova A, Martynenkova A. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:1-12. [PMID: 35784103 PMCID: PMC9245916 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_124_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the most prevalent causative agent in both complicated and uncomplicated UTIs. Antibiotic resistance among UPEC has been already demonstrated against a wide variety of antibiotics and the situation is continuing to deteriorate increasing the rate of recurrence and the difficulty of treatment and prophylaxis. Recently, a big attention has been paid to non-antibiotic approaches as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. Among many strategies, phytotherapy has gained a special attention worldwide. Herbal remedies have been used in traditional medicine since ancient times and they are well known for their effectiveness in treating many health conditions including UTIs. Researches are conducted continuously to validate the use of many medicinal plants against UPEC, investigate their mechanisms of action, and determine their active constituents. Our extensive review of the recent literature revealed that many phytochemicals are shown to target and inhibit a wide variety of bioprocesses in UPEC, such as adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing. Such natural approaches are very promising in confronting the antibiotic resistance of UPEC and can be further used to develop plant-based strategies and pharmaceutical products to treat and prevent UTIs caused by UPEC.
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8
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Wang C, Liu H, Feng X. The Impact of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and 2-Mercaptoethanol on Antibody and Antigen Binding. Lab Med 2021; 53:307-313. [PMID: 34878509 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on antigen-antibody binding when incubated at 100°C, which is the pretreatment temperature required for western blots. METHODS Serum that tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) plus loading buffer were mixed at a ratio of 4:1 and incubated in a water bath. We then detected HBsAg using double immunodiffusion and ELISA. RESULTS The HBsAg titer was 1:512 in the control group when incubated at 37°C. Incubation with SDS at 100°C reduced the antigen titer to 1:32. The inhibitory effect on HBsAg titer reached 96.9% after incubation at 100°C with SDS and 2-ME. CONCLUSION We detected strong inhibition of antigens in western blots via SDS and 2-ME. It is likely that false-negative results will be obtained from western blots of antigens with weak resistance to these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Xinyan Feng
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Debbabi H, El Mokni R, Nardoni S, Chaieb I, Maggi F, Nzekoue FK, Caprioli G, Hammami S. Chemical diversity and biological activities of essential oils from native populations of Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens (Jord.) Govaerts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13624-13633. [PMID: 33190203 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the analysis of regional variation of the chemical compositions of three Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens (Jord.) Govaerts Tunisian accession, as well as their inhibition toward fungi and insect pests. The diversity of the chemical constituents and biological activities in front of the aforementioned variations was found to be remarkable. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 41, 42, and 30 compounds were identified respectively from Clinopodium menthifolium essential oils harvested from three Tunisian regions, namely Ain-Draham (ADEO), Babouch (BEO), and Tabarka (TEO). All analyzed oils were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes with different major constituents. Piperitenone (34.5%), cis-piperitone oxide (26.1%), and pulegone (47.9%) were the dominant compounds in the three volatile oils, respectively. The antifungal activity was investigated in vitro using six targeted fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes). The toxicity and repellency of essential oils were evaluated against the stored product pest Tribolium confusum. The tested samples were differently effective toward the target fungi and the pest depending on the variability of their chemical compositions. BEO exhibited the highest fungitoxic properties toward A. terreus mold, M. canis dermatophyte, and C. albicans yeast (the MIC values ranged from 40 to 400 μg mL-1). In addition, the data showed that TEO repelled T. confusum moderately (PR = 42.5% at 2 h after exposure). Concerning the contact treatment, both ADEO and BEO were proved to possess slightly toxic effects toward T. confusum pest (% of mortality 27.5-32.5% at 5% concentration). The results showed that the geographic origin greatly influenced the chemical composition and the associated bioactivities of Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haïfa Debbabi
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences "A", Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, BP 207 Avenue Avicenna, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- IRESA, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, I.N.R.G.R.E.F, BP N°10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Ikbal Chaieb
- Regional Centre of Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, University of Sousse, 57, Chott Mariem, TN-4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Franks Kamgang Nzekoue
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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10
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Petronio Petronio G, Cutuli MA, Magnifico I, Venditti N, Pietrangelo L, Vergalito F, Pane A, Scapagnini G, Di Marco R. In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activity of Berberine Chloride against Uropathogenic E. coli Strains Using Galleria mellonella as a Host Model. Molecules 2020; 25:E5010. [PMID: 33137930 PMCID: PMC7662377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is an alkaloid of the protoberberine type used in traditional oriental medicine. Its biological activities include documented antibacterial properties against a wide variety of microorganisms; nonetheless, its use against Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary infections has not yet been widely investigated in vivo. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance requires new therapeutic approaches to ensure the continued effectiveness of antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of urinary infections. Moreover, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has developed several virulence factors and resistance to routine antibiotic therapy. To this end, several in vitro and in vivo tests were conducted to assess the activity of berberine on uropathogenic E. coli strains. Galleria mellonella as an infection model was employed to confirm the in vivo translatability of in vitro data on berberine activity and its influence on adhesion and invasion proprieties of E. coli on human bladder cells. In vitro pre-treatment with berberine was able to decrease the adhesive and invasive UPEC ability. In vivo treatment increased the larvae survival infected with UPEC strains and reduced the number of circulating pathogens in larvae hemolymph. These preliminary findings demonstrated the efficacy and reliability of G. mellonella as in vivo model for pre-clinical studies of natural substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise Via de Sanctis 3, III Ed. Polifunzionale, 86100 Campobasso (CB) Molise, Italy; (G.P.P.); (I.M.); (N.V.); (L.P.); (G.S.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Marco Alfio Cutuli
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise Via de Sanctis 3, III Ed. Polifunzionale, 86100 Campobasso (CB) Molise, Italy; (G.P.P.); (I.M.); (N.V.); (L.P.); (G.S.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Irene Magnifico
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise Via de Sanctis 3, III Ed. Polifunzionale, 86100 Campobasso (CB) Molise, Italy; (G.P.P.); (I.M.); (N.V.); (L.P.); (G.S.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Noemi Venditti
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise Via de Sanctis 3, III Ed. Polifunzionale, 86100 Campobasso (CB) Molise, Italy; (G.P.P.); (I.M.); (N.V.); (L.P.); (G.S.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise Via de Sanctis 3, III Ed. Polifunzionale, 86100 Campobasso (CB) Molise, Italy; (G.P.P.); (I.M.); (N.V.); (L.P.); (G.S.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Franca Vergalito
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 3, III Ed. Polifunzionale, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Antonella Pane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise Via de Sanctis 3, III Ed. Polifunzionale, 86100 Campobasso (CB) Molise, Italy; (G.P.P.); (I.M.); (N.V.); (L.P.); (G.S.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise Via de Sanctis 3, III Ed. Polifunzionale, 86100 Campobasso (CB) Molise, Italy; (G.P.P.); (I.M.); (N.V.); (L.P.); (G.S.); (R.D.M.)
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Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts Leaf Extract Influences in vitro Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis on Primary Cultures of Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2984613. [PMID: 32908631 PMCID: PMC7450313 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2984613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts is an endemic species in Ecuador, where it is used as an anti-inflammatory plant to treat respiratory and digestive affections. In this work, effects of a Clinopodium tomentosum ethanolic extract (CTEE), prepared from aerial parts of the plant, were investigated on vascular endothelium functions. In particularly, angiogenesis activity was evaluated, using primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). Cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of CTEE different concentrations (10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml); no viability alterations were found in the 10-50 μg/ml range, while a slight, but significant, proliferative effect was observed at the highest dose. In addition, treatment with CTEE was able to rescue LPS-induced injury in terms of cell viability. The CTEE ability to affect angiogenesis was evaluated by scratch test analysis and by an in vitro capillary-like network assay. Treatment with 25-50 μg/ml of extract caused a significant increase in pAEC's migration and tube formation capabilities compared to untreated cells, as results from the increased master junctions' number. On the other hand, CTEE at 100 μg/ml did not induce the same effects. Quantitative PCR data demonstrated that FLK-1 mRNA expression significantly increased at a CTEE dose of 25 μg/ml. The CTEE phytochemical composition was assessed through HPLC-DAD; rosmarinic acid among phenolic acids and hesperidin among flavonoids were found as major phenolic components. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content assays showed that flavonoids are the most abundant class of polyphenols. The CTEE antioxidant activity was also showed by means of the DPPH and ORAC assays. Results indicate that CTEE possesses an angiogenic capacity in a dose-dependent manner; this represents an initial step in elucidating the mechanism of the therapeutic use of the plant.
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Kamolvit W, Nilsén V, Zambrana S, Mohanty S, Gonzales E, Östenson CG, Brauner A. Lupinus mutabilis Edible Beans Protect against Bacterial Infection in Uroepithelial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:1098015. [PMID: 30643523 PMCID: PMC6311276 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1098015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lupinus mutabilis is a South American herb with edible beans, known to reduce serum glucose levels in diabetic patients. Furthermore, L. mutabilis contains phytochemicals known to decrease bacterial load. Based on the increased urinary tract infections experienced among patients with diabetes, we investigated the effect of L. mutabilis on bladder epithelial cells in the protection of E. coli infection during normal and high glucose concentrations. We did not observe any direct antibacterial effect by L. mutabilis extract. Instead we observed an influence on the host cells, with indirect impact on bacteria and their possibility of causing infection. L. mutabilis extract decreased adhesion to bladder epithelial cells of uropathogenic bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. Moreover, uroplakin1a, involved in adhesion, was downregulated while the antimicrobial peptide RNase 7 was upregulated in L. mutabilis treated cells irrespectively of glucose concentration. This supports an early effect fighting bacteria. Additionally, L. mutabilis prevented bacterial biofilm formation, which is used by bacteria to evade the immune system and antibiotics. In summary, L. mutabilis protects against bacterial infection in uroepithelial cells by preventing adhesion through alteration of the cell surface, increasing antimicrobial peptide expression, and reducing biofilm formation. Together, this promotes bacterial clearance, suggesting that L. mutabilis as extract or as a dietary item can contribute to the prevention of urinary tract infections, which is of importance in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witchuda Kamolvit
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Nilsén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Zambrana
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Area de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Soumitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Gonzales
- Area de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Lee PJ, Park HJ, Cho N, Kim HP. 3,5-Diethoxy-3'-Hydroxyresveratrol (DEHR) Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis via Caveolin-1 Activation in Hepatic Stellate Cells and in a Mouse Model of Bile Duct Ligation Injury. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112833. [PMID: 30384491 PMCID: PMC6278252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Resveratrol, 3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene, is a dietary polyphenol found in natural food products. Here, we evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of a synthetic resveratrol derivative, 3,5-diethoxy-3′-hydroxyresveratrol (DEHR), on HSCs. Flow cytometry and Western blot analyses showed that DEHR induces apoptosis through the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expression and reduction in the level of an anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2). As caveolin-1 (CAV1), a competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), is related to apoptotic proteins in hepatic cells, we focused on the role of CAV1 in DEHR-induced apoptosis in HSCs through Western blot analyses. Our results showed that the inhibitory effect of DEHR on cell viability was stronger in HO-1 siRNA-transfected cells but weakened in CAV1 siRNA-transfected cells. Collagen concentration was significantly reduced, whereas CAV1 expression increased after treatment of a bile duct ligation injury-induced liver fibrosis model with DEHR for four weeks. We confirmed that DEHR treatment significantly reduced fibrous hyperplasia around the central veins, using hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining. DEHR ameliorates liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo, possibly through a mechanism involving CAV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Jun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Jung-gu, Gwan-yangdong 431-060, Korea.
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hong Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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Mohanty S, Zambrana S, Dieulouard S, Kamolvit W, Nilsén V, Gonzales E, Östenson CG, Brauner A. Amaranthus caudatus extract inhibits the invasion of E. coli into uroepithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:155-158. [PMID: 29621584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Amaranthus caudatus is traditionally used to treat infections. Based on its traditional usage, we investigated the effect of A. caudatus on the bladder epithelial cells in the protection of E. coli infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The direct antimicrobial effects of A. caudatus on uropathogenic bacteria were investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Bladder epithelial cell lines T24 and 5637 and uropathogenic E. coli strain #12 were used to investigate the effect of A. caudatus. Bacterial adhesion and invasion into bladder cells treated with A. caudatus was analyzed. Expression of uroplakin-1a (UPK1A), β1 integrin (ITGB1), caveolin-1 (CAV1) and the antimicrobial peptides human β defensin-2 (DEFB4A) and LL-37 (CAMP) was evaluated using RT-PCR. RESULTS No direct antibacterial effect on E. coli or any of the tested uropathogenic strains was observed by A. caudatus. However, we demonstrated reduced mRNA expression of uroplakin-1a and caveolin-1, but not β1 integrin after treatment of uroepithelial cells, mirrored by the decreased adhesion and invasion of E. coli. A. caudatus treatment did not induce increased gene expression of the antimicrobial peptides, LL-37 and human β-defensin-2. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that A. caudatus has a protective role on bladder epithelial cells against uropathogenic E. coli infection by decreasing the bacterial adhesion and invasion, thereby preventing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Silvia Zambrana
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Area de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Soizic Dieulouard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Witchuda Kamolvit
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vera Nilsén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eduardo Gonzales
- Area de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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