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Liu Y, Wu J, Hao H. Antitumor immunostimulatory activity of the traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide on hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369110. [PMID: 38455058 PMCID: PMC10917928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy, often associated with compromised immune function in affected patients. This can be attributed to the secretion of specific factors by liver cancer cells, which hinder the immune response and lead to a state of immune suppression. Polysaccharides derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are valuable constituents known for their immunomodulatory properties. This review aims to look into the immunomodulatory effects of TCM polysaccharides on HCC. The immunomodulatory effects of TCM polysaccharides are primarily manifested through the activation of effector T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, and macrophages against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in vivo and in vitro settings. Furthermore, TCM polysaccharides have demonstrated remarkable adjuvant antitumor immunomodulatory effects on HCC in clinical settings. Therefore, the utilization of TCM polysaccharides holds promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic agents or adjuvants with advantageous immunomodulatory properties for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Huiqin Hao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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Xiong B, Chen X, Tu J, Han Z, Meng X, Sun H. Actinidia eriantha polysaccharide exerts adjuvant activity by targeting linc-AAM. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126440. [PMID: 37611690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Actinidia eriantha polysaccharide (AEPS) is a potent adjuvant with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity. linc-AAM has been previously proved to facilitate the expression of immune response genes (IRGs) in AEPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. However, its role in mediating adjuvant activity of AEPS remains to be elucidated. In this study, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wide-type (WT) and linc-AAM knockout C57BL/6J mice treated with AEPS were subjected to transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. linc-AAM deficiency inhibited M1 and M2 immune responses in BMDMs induced by AEPS. In mechanisms, AEPS facilitated the expression of IRGs and activated BMDMs through NF-κB-linc-AAM-JAK/STAT axis. Furthermore, linc-AAM knockout inhibited cytokine and chemokine production, immune cell recruitment as well as immune cell migration to draining lymph nodes at peritoneal cavity in mice induced by AEPS. More importantly, linc-AAM deletion reduced the adjuvant activity of APES on antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin in mice. This study has for the first time demonstrated the role of lncRNAs in regulating the adjuvant activity of polysaccharides and its mechanisms. These findings expanded current knowledge on the mechanism of action of adjuvant and provide a new target for the design and development of vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Xiong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jue Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Ma J, Wang S, Zhao C, Yan X, Ren Q, Dong Z, Qiu J, Liu Y, Shan Q, Xu M, Yan B, Liu S. Computer-Aided Discovery of Potent Broad-Spectrum Vaccine Adjuvants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301059. [PMID: 36815280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants stimulate the immune system to vigorously respond to a vaccine. While current adjuvants such as aluminum salts and oil-in-water emulsions have been used for decades, they do not generate broad and long-lasting responses in many vaccines. Consequently, more potent adjuvants are needed. Here, using computer-aided molecule design and machine learning, we discovered 2 new, broad-spectrum adjuvants that can boost vaccine responses. Our library containing 46 toll-like receptor (TLR)-targeting agonist ligands were assembled on Au nanoparticles. Comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies showed both leads promoted dendritic cell activation via multiple TLRs and enhanced antigen presentation to T cells. When used together with tumor-specific antigens to immunize mice against B16-OVA melanoma and 4T1-PD1 breast cancer, both adjuvants unleashed strong immune responses that suppressed tumor growth and lung metastases. Our results show computer-aided design and screening can rapidly uncover potent adjuvants for tackling waning immunity in current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shenqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bays, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bays, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- Department of toxicology and sanitary chemistry, School of public health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 330106, P. R. China
| | - Qing'e Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P. R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bays, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P. R. China
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Xiang Z, Chen Y, Qiu J. An integrated chemical analysis and network pharmacology approach to identify quality markers of Actinidia eriantha Benth radix on gastric cancer. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:851-868. [PMID: 35570754 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Actinidia eriantha Benth radix (AEBR) is one of the most commonly used medicines by the She people in China, used primarily for the treatment of tumours of the digestive tract. There is currently limited to no data on the quality control of AEBR. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify quality markers of AEBR. MATERIAL AND METHODS An ultra-performance lquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) method was used to identify and analyse the components of AEBR from water extracts. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was also established for the simultaneous determination of 13 active components in the water extracts. The network pharmacology method was used to screen for quality markers of AEBR in gastric cancer. RESULTS This study tentatively identified 199 chemical constituents and isomers, including 67 pentacyclic triterpenoids, 20 flavonoids, 39 phenolic acids, 18 coumarins, and other compounds. The 13 active components in the water extracts were successfully determined using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method. Based on the network pharmacology method, four compounds were selected as quality markers of AEBR. CONCLUSION This study provides an important reference for the quality control of AEBR. Chemical analysis combined with network pharmacology provides an effective strategy for the discovery of quality markers in traditional Chinese/herb medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiang
- Medical School, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieying Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Gu P, Cai G, Yang Y, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Polyethylenimine-coated PLGA nanoparticles containing Angelica sinensis polysaccharide promote dendritic cells activation and associated molecular mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:559-569. [PMID: 35288164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cationic PLGA nanoparticles-based delivery systems have been extensively employed as nanocarriers for drugs and antigens in recent years. Herein, we investigated the effects of polyethylenimine-coated PLGA nanoparticles containing Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) system (ASP-PLGA-PEI) on dendritic cells (DCs) activation and maturation, and further explored the changes of transcriptome and underlying mechanism of DCs activation based on RNA-seq. Our results demonstrated that ASP-PLGA-PEI obviously promoted the activation and maturation of DCs. Meanwhile, RNA-seq analysis results exhibited 2812 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ASP-PLGA-PEI and control group, and the DCs activation by ASP-PLGA-PEI stimulation mainly related to phagosome, antigen processing and presentation, proteasome, lysosome, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and other pathways by KEGG pathways analysis. Furthermore, ASP-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles increased the levels of pJAK2 protein, and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines induced by ASP-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles were decreased with the presence of the inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, the nanoparticles were internalized by DCs mainly through the clathrin-mediated endocytosis and micropinocytosis. These results suggested that the DCs activation and maturation stimulated by ASP-PLGA-PEI were regulated via a complex interaction network, in which the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway played a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Gaofeng Cai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Lu J, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding X, Qian C, Ding Z, Ye X. Polysaccharides From the Aerial Parts of Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Induce Bidirectional Immunity and Ameliorate LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:838873. [PMID: 35370633 PMCID: PMC8965720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.838873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ) has traditionally been used to treat inflammation, high fever and improve immune function of patients. Polysaccharides have been proved to be one of the important components of SYQ. Previous studies have confirmed the antipyretic and antitumor effects of polysaccharides from SYQ (SYQP), and clarified that SYQP could enhance immunity through TLR4 signalling pathway. However, there were more possibilities for the mechanism by which SYQP exerted immunomodulatory effects and the role of SYQP in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is elusive. The purpose of this study was further to explain the bidirectional modulation of immunity mechanism of SYQP in vitro and its effect in LPS-induced ARDS in vivo. Experimental results showed that SYQP significantly stimulated gene expressions of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 and secretion of cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Individual or combined application of TLR2 antagonist C29 and TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 could reduce SYQP-mediated stimulation of cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) to varying degrees. On the other hand, SYQP markedly inhibited the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, NO, iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-treatment RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that SYQP significantly reduced LPS-induced damage in ARDS mice through alleviating LPS-induced pulmonary morphological damage, inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression levels, ameliorating the inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and improving hematological status. Meanwhile, SYQP evidently reduced IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion, the overexpression levels of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. In addition, SYQP reduced the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1 and the overexpression of NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in lung tissues of ARDS mice. In summary, our study confirmed that SYQP induced bidirectional immunity and ameliorated LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice through TLR2/TLR4-NF-κB, NLRP3/caspase and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, which provided a theoretical basis for further use of SYQP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaodong Qian
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhishan Ding, ; Xiaoqing Ye,
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhishan Ding, ; Xiaoqing Ye,
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Doan HV, Tapingkae W, Balasundaram C, Arockiaraj J, Ringø E. Changes in immune genes expression, immune response, digestive enzymes -antioxidant status, and growth of catla (Catla catla) fed with Astragalus polysaccharides against edwardsiellosis disease. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:418-436. [PMID: 35051563 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of four level of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs) supplementation diets, (CD: control diet and three experiment diet (E), EA: 100 mg kg-1 APs; EB: 200 mg kg-1 APs; EC: 300 mg kg-1 APs) on growth, changes in haemato-biochemical parameters and metabolic-digestive enzymes, enhancement of antioxidant activity, innate-adaptive immune response, and cytokine gene expression were studied in catla (Catla catla) against Edwardsiella tarda. The healthy and challenged groups fed the CD displayed no mortality, while fish fed EA or EC revealed 10% mortality, but the mortality was only 5% in diet EB. Fish fed diet EB and EC revealed significantly better growth rates and high RBC count during the experimental period. Albumin and globulin levels were significant improved when fish were fed the diet EB and EC from weeks 6-8. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significant ameliorated by EB feeding from weeks 4-8. In contrast, serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA)/lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), respiratory burst activity (RBA), bactericidal action (BCA), serum lysozyme activity (SLA), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), head kidney leukocytes response proliferation (HKLP), hemolytic action (HLA), hydrogen peroxides (H2O2), and immunoglobulin (Ig) were significantly improved from week 6-8. Groups fed the APs enriched diets had significant ameliorated interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression after 6 and 8 weeks of feeding. However, IL-10 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1 mRNA expressions were significant enhanced in catla fed all APs diets on week 8. APs enriched diets revealed significant improved tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6) mRNA expression on week 4, but toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and TLR4 mRNA expression were significant enhanced by diet EB and EC after weeks 6 and 8. Similarly, the lysozyme (Lyz)-C and Lyz-G mRNA levels in the head kidney (HK) increased by APs feeding on weeks 6 and 8, whereas the EB diet, the expression of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1) was significantly improved on weeks 6 and 8, but NOD2 mRNA expression was only significant enhanced after 8 weeks of diet EB. By feeding healthy catla and E. tarda challenged fish fed diet EB, resulted in significantly increased growth, haemato-biochemical indices, metabolic-digestive enzymes, antioxidant activities, innate-adaptive immune responses, and cytokine gene expression mainly between 6 and 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innoviative Agriculture Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, 600 097, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
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Zhu L, Han Z, He Y, Sun H. Caspase-1-Dependent Pyroptosis Mediates Adjuvant Activity of Platycodin D as an Adjuvant for Intramuscular Vaccines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010134. [PMID: 35011696 PMCID: PMC8750424 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodin D (PD) is a potent adjuvant with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, the C2C12 myoblast cell line and mice were used as in vitro and in vivo models to identify potential signaling pathways involved in the adjuvant activity of PD. PD induced a transient cytotoxicity and inflammatory response in the C2C12 cells and in mouse quadricep muscles. A comparative analysis of microarray data revealed that PD induced similar gene expression profiles in the C2C12 cells and in the quadricep muscles, and triggered rapid regulation of death, immune, and inflammation-related genes, both in vivo and in vitro. It was further demonstrated that caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis was involved in the PD-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory response in the C2C12 cells via the Ca2+–c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)–NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway. Consistently, the in vivo analysis revealed that a local blockage of NLRP3 and caspase-1 inhibited PD-induced cytokine production and immune cell recruitment at the injection site, and impaired the adjuvant activity of PD on antigen-specific immune responses to model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. These findings identified the caspase-1-dependent adjuvanticity of PD and expanded the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of saponin-based adjuvants.
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Lv Y, Liu Z, Duan X, Cui J, Zhang W, Ma W, Liu Y, Song X, Fan Y. Immunoenhancement and antioxidative damage effects of Polygonum Cillinerve polysaccharide on RAW264.7 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:435-445. [PMID: 34894135 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of Polygonum Cillinerve polysaccharide (PCP) on the immune and antioxidant activity were studied. METHODS The effects of PCP on cell proliferation, phagocytic activity, cell uptake, the secretion of NO, iNOS, IL-6, IL-12, CAT and POD, intracellular ROS, cell apoptosis and antioxidative mechanism were measured by MTT, ELISA, fluorescence staining, flow cytometry and western blot. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that PCP had no toxic effect at 31.25-1.95 µg/ml, could improve the uptake of neutral red and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled ovalbumin and promote the release of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase. Moreover, PCP also could promote the secretion of IL-6 and IL-12. The damage of RAW264.7 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide was significantly alleviated by PCP at 15.63-0.975 µg/ml. The mechanism of antioxidative damage might be that PCP inhibited the upstream p38 and the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK proteins, and down-regulated caspase 3 and up-regulated the protein expressions of cytochrome C and Bcl-2, finally PCP improved the antioxidative capacity and protected the oxidative damage of cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that PCP had the better immunopotentiation and antioxidative damage activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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He Y, Peng H, Zhang H, Liu Y, Sun H. Structural characteristics and immunopotentiation activity of two polysaccharides from the petal of Crocus sativus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:129-142. [PMID: 33676979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current experiments were designed to explore the structural features and immunopotentiation activity of two homogeneous polysaccharides PCSPA and PCSPB prepared from Crocus sativus petals using DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G200 column chromatography. The structures of PCSPA and PCSPB were systematically characterized using extensive chemical and spectroscopic methods including colorimetry, HPGPC-RID, GC-MS, Smith degradations, methylation, solvolytic desulfation, UV, FT-IR, NMR, SEM, and AFM. The average molecular weights of PCSPA and PCSPB were 1.98 × 106 and 2.53 × 106 Da, respectively. PCSPA consisted of Gal, Rha, Ara, and Xyl in the molar ratio of 16:5:7:3, while PCSPB were composed of Gal, Glc, Man, Rha, Ara, and Xyl with molar ratio of 16:2:7:19:15:16. Both polysaccharides contained sulfonic and acetyl groups. PCSPA and PCSPB significantly activated RAW264.7 cells by enhancing the phagocytic activity, up-regulating the expression of surface molecules, promoting the production and mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines via MAPK and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei He
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haoxuan Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Co-expression network analysis identifies innate immune signatures for Albizia julibrissin saponin active fraction-adjuvanted avian influenza vaccine. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107417. [PMID: 33550033 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Albizia julibrissin saponin active fraction (AJSAF) is a promising adjuvant candidate, but its innate immune response mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the quadriceps muscles from the mice injected intramuscularly with AJSAF alone or in combination with ovalbumin and avian influenza vaccine (rL-H5) were subjected to gene microarray. Antigen- and AJSAF-related modules with intramodular hub genes were identified and functionally analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). AJSAF induced early innate immune responses at the injection site, characterized by cytokine production and neutrophil recruitment. AJSAF mainly elicited the expression of "Th1 immune response" and "Neutrophils" genes such as CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL5, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-33, S100A8, and S100A9, whereas these two gene sets were negatively enriched for rL-H5. AJSAF-specific long noncoding RNAs MIRT1 and MIRT2 could function as inflammatory mediators, whereas function unknown TINCR was co-expressed with immune response genes including CCL2, CCL4, CCL7, CSF3, CXCL5, IL-33, S100A8, and S100A9. Finally, the innate immune molecular mechanisms of adjuvant action of AJSAF and the potential signatures were proposed. These findings expanded the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of saponin-based adjuvants.
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Chen X, He Y, Zhu Y, Du J, Sun H. linc-AAM Facilitates Gene Expression Contributing to Macrophage Activation and Adaptive Immune Responses. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108584. [PMID: 33406422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are specifically expressed in activated macrophages, their in vivo functions and mechanisms of action are largely unexplored. Here, we identify a long intergenic noncoding RNA associated with activated macrophage (linc-AAM) and elucidate its function and mechanisms. linc-AAM is highly expressed in activated macrophages. In vitro function analysis reveals that linc-AAM facilitates macrophage activation and promotes the expression of immune response genes (IRGs). In mechanisms, linc-AAM interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNPL) via two CACACA motifs, resulting in its dissociation from histone H3 to activate chromatin and facilitate transcription of IRGs. Of note, linc-AAM knockout (KO) mice manifest impaired antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) in vivo. Altogether, the results uncover a mechanism of lncRNA in modulating hnRNPL function and confirm that linc-AAM acts as a transcription enhancer to activate macrophages and promote adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yanfei He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yongliang Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides Promote Maturity of Murine Dendritic Cells through Toll-Like Receptor 4-Erk1/2-Blimp1 Signaling Pathway. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:1751793. [PMID: 33344654 PMCID: PMC7725586 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1751793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), a traditional Chinese medicine, can promote immature dendritic cells (DCs) to mature. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LBP works are not yet elucidated. Here, we found that LBP can induce DCs maturation, which is mainly characterized by the upregulation of MHCII and costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86), and increase the production of IL-6 and IL-4. Furthermore, we found that LBP could increase the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, p38, Erk1/2, JNK, and Blimp1 signal molecules. More interestingly, after blocking by Toll-like receptor 4 inhibitor, Resatorvid (TAK 242), the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, Erk1/2, and Blimp1 was significantly decreased while the expression of p38 and JNK has not changed. Then, we found that after blocking by p38 inhibitor (SB203580), Erk inhibitor (PD98059), and JNK inhibitor (SP603580) separately, Blimp1 protein expression was significantly reduced; after downregulating Blimp1 by Blimp1-siRNA, the production of IL-6 was reduced. In conclusion, our results indicate that LBP can induce maturation of DCs through the TLR4-Erk1/2-Blimp1 signal pathway instead of the JNK/p38-Blimp1 pathway. Our findings may provide a novel evidence for understanding the molecular mechanisms of LBP on activating murine DCs.
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Sun H, Fei L, Zhu B, Shi M. Quick and improved immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine by purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:427. [PMID: 33160337 PMCID: PMC7648552 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background H9N2 Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) raises public health concerns and its eradication in poultry becomes even more important in preventing influenza. AJSAF is a purified active saponin fraction from the stem bark of Albizzia julibrissin. In this study, AJSAF was evaluated for the adjuvant potentials on immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine (IH9V) in mice and chicken in comparison with commercially oil-adjuvant. Results AJSAF significantly induced faster and higher H9 subtype avian influenza virus antigen (H9–Ag)-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b antibody titers in mice and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and IgY antibody levels in chicken immunized with IH9V. AJSAF also markedly promoted Con A-, LPS- and H9–Ag-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity. Furthermore, AJSAF significantly induced the production of both Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and transcription factors in splenocytes from the IH9V-immunized mice. Although oil-formulated inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine (CH9V) also elicited higher H9–Ag-specific IgG and IgG1 in mice and HI antibody titer in chicken, this robust humoral response was later produced. Moreover, serum IgG2a and IgG2b antibody titers in CH9V-immunized mice were significantly lower than those of IH9V alone group. Conclusions AJSAF could improve antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and simultaneously trigger a Th1/Th2 response to IH9V. AJSAF might be a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate for H9N2 avian influenza vaccine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-020-02648-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Liyan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Binnian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minghua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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15
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Feng JC, Cai ZL, Zhang XP, Chen YY, Chang XL, Wang XF, Qin CB, Yan X, Ma X, Zhang JX, Nie GX. The Effects of Oral Rehmannia glutinosa Polysaccharide Administration on Immune Responses, Antioxidant Activity and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in the Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Front Immunol 2020; 11:904. [PMID: 32457762 PMCID: PMC7225328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP-1) on the immunoregulatory properties, antioxidant activity, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio L. were investigated. The purified RGP-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL) was co-cultured with the head kidney cells of the common carp. The proliferation and phagocytosis activities of the head kidney cells, and the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines in the culture medium were determined. Next, 300 common carps (47.66 ± 0.43 g) were randomly divided into five groups; the two control groups (negative and positive) were administered sterile PBS and the three treatment groups were administered different concentrations of RGP-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL) for seven days. Subsequently, the positive and treatment groups were infected with A. hydrophila, and the negative group was administered sterile PBS for 24 h. The concentration of NO, cytokines, lysozyme (LZM), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and the total activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hepatopancreas of the common carp were tested. We observed that RGP-1 could significantly enhance the proliferation and phagocytosis activities (P < 0.05), besides inducing the production of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) (P < 0.05) in vitro. The in vivo experimental results revealed that RGP-1 significantly enhanced NO production, protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12), LZM and AKP activities, and the antioxidant content (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, and MDA) compared to that observed in the negative group prior to A. hydrophila infection (P < 0.05). NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, LZM and AKP activities were significantly lower than that in the positive group after infection (P < 0.05). However, whether infected or not, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) increased significantly in the RGP-1-treated groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, the results suggested that RGP-1 could enhance the non-specific immunity, antioxidant activity and anti-A. hydrophila activity of the common carp, and could be used as a safe and effective feed additive in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Cai
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuan-Pu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Yan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xu-Lu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xian-Feng Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chao-Bin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guo-Xing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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16
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He JQ, Zheng MX, Ying HZ, Zhong YS, Zhang HH, Xu M, Yu CH. PRP1, a heteropolysaccharide from Platycodonis Radix, induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells via regulating miR-21-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:542-551. [PMID: 32380108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides (PRP1 and PRP2) were isolated from Platycodonis Radix. Preliminary structural analysis indicated that PRP1 was composed of glucose, fructose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 1:1.91:1.59 with a molecular weight of 440 kDa, whereas PRP2 was composed of arabinose, fructose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 1:1.39:1.18 with a molecular weight of 2.85 kDa. Compared with PRP2, PRP1 exerted stronger anticancer activity in vitro. Treatment with 5-30 μg/ml of PRP1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro, and oral administration at the doses of 75-300 mg/kg also reduced the tumor growth in vivo. The miRNA expression patterns of human liver cancer cells HepG2 in vivo under PRP1 treatment were established, and microRNA-21 (miR-21) as the onco-miRNA was appreciably downregulated. PRP1 repressed the expression of miR-21, which directly targeted and suppressed PTEN (a negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade), and subsequently upregulated the expression of PTEN but downregulated the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby promoting liver cancer cell apoptosis. These findings indicated that PRP1 inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of HepG2 mainly via inactivating the miR-21/PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, PRP1 could be used as a food supplement and candidate for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Min-Xia Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yu-Sen Zhong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Min Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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17
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Mechanisms of Mixed Th1/Th2 Responses in Mice Induced by Albizia julibrissin Saponin Active Fraction by i n Silico Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010048. [PMID: 32012760 PMCID: PMC7158666 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponin (AJSAF) is an ideal adjuvant candidate that improves antigen-specific both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicits mixed Th1/Th2 responses, but its mechanisms remain unclear. The key features of action of AJSAF were investigated in mice immunized with Newcastle disease virus-based recombinant influenza vaccine (rL-H5) and AJSAF at the same leg (AJSAF+rL-H5) or different legs (AJSAF/rL-H5). The adjuvant activity of AJSAF on rL-H5 is strictly dependent on their spatial colocalization. Serum H5 antigen (H5Ag)-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers in AJSAF+rL-H5 group were significantly higher than those in AJSAF/rL-H5 group. The mechanisms of selectivity of Th1 or Th2 in mice induced by AJSAF was explored by the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of H5Ag-stimulated splenocytes from the immunized mice using gene microarray and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to rL-H5 alone, AJSAF/rL-H5 induced more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than AJSAF+rL-H5, whereas AJSAF+rL-H5 upregulated higher mRNA expression of Th1 (T-bet, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12β, and IL-12Rβ1) and Th2 (IL-10 and AICDA) immune response genes. The neutrophil response and its derived S100A8 and S100A9 might be involved in the AJSAF-mediated Th1 response. Meanwhile, AJSAF might induce the adaptive immune responses by improving a local innate immune microenvironment. These findings expanded the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of saponin-based adjuvants, and provided new insights into how adjuvants shape adaptive immune responses.
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18
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Bai RB, Zhang YJ, Fan JM, Jia XS, Li D, Wang YP, Zhou J, Yan Q, Hu FD. Immune-enhancement effects of oligosaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula on cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:3306-3315. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are the main components of C. pilosula and show excellent immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bin Bai
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Ya-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Jing-Min Fan
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xu-Seng Jia
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Dai Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Qiao Yan
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Fang-Di Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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19
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Wang C, Du J, Chen X, Zhu Y, Sun H. Activation of RAW264.7 macrophages by active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponin via Ca2+–ERK1/2–CREB–lncRNA pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Du J, Chen X, Ye Y, Sun H. A comparative study on the mechanisms of innate immune responses in mice induced by Alum and Actinidia eriantha polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 156:1202-1216. [PMID: 31758993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune mechanisms by which adjuvants enhance the potency and protection of vaccine remain at cellular level, but the molecular mechanisms, especially in vivo, are ill-identified. Actinidia eriantha polysaccharide (AEPS) is a potent adjuvant with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity, while Alum elicits a strict Th2 response. The current experiments were designed to compare the innate immune responses in the peritoneal cavity of mice induced by two adjuvants and explore their molecular mechanisms using gene expression microarray including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). AEPS induced the recruitment of monocytes, neutrophils and dendritic cells. However, Alum recruited neutrophils and eosinophils. AEPS and Alum specifically induced the differential expression of 546 and 922 genes in peritoneal cells, respectively. AEPS induced higher mRNA expression of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL10, IL-12β, and IL-23α in immune effector process, while Alum tended to Th17 response mRNAs such as IL-7A, IL-17F and IL-17RA. Furthermore, a robust adjuvant-specific expression pattern of lncRNAs was found in above mentioned biological processes, suggesting the involvement of lncRNAs in immune responses induced by AEPS and Alum. This study led to a better understanding of different molecular mechanisms of adjuvants and benefited the rational design of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yiping Ye
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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21
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Feng J, Chang X, Zhang Y, Lu R, Meng X, Song D, Yan X, Zhang J, Nie G. Characterization of a polysaccharide HP-02 from Honeysuckle flowers and its immunoregulatory and anti-Aeromonas hydrophila effects in Cyprinus carpio L. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:477-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Liu C, Choi MW, Xue X, Cheung PCK. Immunomodulatory Effect of Structurally Characterized Mushroom Sclerotial Polysaccharides Isolated from Polyporus rhinocerus on Bone Marrow Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12137-12143. [PMID: 31566976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of two high-molecular-weight and structurally different mushroom polysaccharides, an alkali-soluble polysaccharide (mPRSon) and a water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complex (PRW), isolated previously from the sclerotia of Pleurotus rhinocerus, on the maturation of murine bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The effects of mPRSon and PRW on the expression of morphological change, surface molecules, phagocytic activity, and cytokine release in BMDCs were determined by flow cytometry and a mouse cytokine array. The results showed that both mPRSon and PRW could induce phenotypic and functional maturation of BMDCs. At the same time, mPRSon upregulated the expression of membrane phenotypic marker CD86 and PRW markedly upregulated CD40, CD80, and CD86. In addition, mPRSon could bind to the dectin-1 receptor and stimulate the release of MIP-1α, MIP-2, and IL-2, while PRW could bind to complement receptor 3 and toll-like receptor 2 with an upregulation of the expression of IL-2, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-2, RANTES, IL-12p40p70, IL-12p70, TIMP-1, IFN-γ, KC, MCP-1, and GCSF. The study provides additional information on how structural differences in sclerotial polysaccharides influence their immunomodulatory activities on BMDCs involving different PAMP receptors. It is anticipated that more understanding of the interactions between the sclerotial polysaccharides and their receptors in immune cells can facilitate their future application for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Medical Research Center , The People's Hospital of Longhua , Shenzhen , 518109 , People's Republic of China
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Man Wing Choi
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Xingkui Xue
- Medical Research Center , The People's Hospital of Longhua , Shenzhen , 518109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
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Chen X, Ji H, Zhang C, Yu J, Liu A. Structural characterization and antitumor activity of a novel polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chen X, Du J, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Sun H. Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in macrophages activated by Actinidia eriantha polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:980-993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The immunoregulatory effect of sulfated Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide on chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1123-1132. [PMID: 31394150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide (EPP) was obtained by modern separation technology and sulfated EPP (sEPP) was prepared by sulfation modification. The immunological effects of EPP and sEPP were compared on chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (chBM-DCs). The results showed that the surface marker expression of CD11c and CD80 was increased after chBM-DCs were cultured with three dosage of sEPP, especially in sEPPM group. Three dosage of sEPP, EPPL and LPS could significantly enhance the effects of chBM-DCs on the proliferation of allogenic mixed lymphocytes. After chBM-DCs treatment with EPP or sEPP in vitro, the levels of IL-2 of sEPPH and EPPM groups were significantly higher than those of LPS group (P < 0.05). All sEPP and EPP groups could enhance the level of IFN-γ and down-regulated the level of IL-4 and IL-10. Results indicated that both sEPP and EPP had immunoregulatory effects on chBM-DCs, sEPP possessed better immunoregulatory effects as compared with EPP.
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Chen X, Yuan L, Du J, Zhang C, Sun H. The polysaccharide from the roots of Actinidia eriantha activates RAW264.7 macrophages via regulating microRNA expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:203-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhu B, He T, Gao X, Shi M, Sun H. Evaluation and characteristics of immunological adjuvant activity of purified fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:283-302. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1523923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binnian Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Tianyu He
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Minghua Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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Schiavi E, Plattner S, Rodriguez-Perez N, Barcik W, Frei R, Ferstl R, Kurnik-Lucka M, Groeger D, Grant R, Roper J, Altmann F, van Sinderen D, Akdis CA, O'Mahony L. Exopolysaccharide from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 35624™ modulates murine allergic airway responses. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:761-773. [PMID: 29726281 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the host and the microbiota are thought to significantly influence immunological tolerance mechanisms at mucosal sites. We recently described that the loss of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Bifidobacterium longum 35624™ eliminated its protective effects in colitis and respiratory allergy murine models. Our goal was to investigate the immune response to purified EPS from B. longum 35624, determine if it has protective effects within the lung and identify the protective mechanisms. Isolated EPS from B. longum 35624 cultures was used for in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) were used to investigate in vitro immunological responses to EPS. Cytokine secretion, expression of surface markers and signalling pathways were examined. The ovalbumin (OVA) respiratory allergy murine model was used to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory potential of EPS. In addition, interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice and anti-Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 blocking antibody were used to examine the underlying protective mechanisms of intranasal EPS administration. Stimulation of human MDDCs with EPS resulted in IL-10 secretion, but not proinflammatory cytokines. IL-10 secretion was TLR-2-dependent. Eosinophil recruitment to the lungs was significantly decreased by EPS intranasal exposure, which was associated with decreased expression of the Th2-associated markers C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), IL-4 and IL-13. TLR-2-mediated IL-10 secretion was shown to be required for the reduction in eosinophils and Th2 cytokines. EPS-treatment reduced eosinophil recruitment within the lung in a respiratory inflammation mouse model, which is both TLR-2 and IL-10 mediated. EPS can be considered as a novel molecule potentially reducing the severity of chronic eosinophil-related airway disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schiavi
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.,2 Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - S Plattner
- 3 Alimentary Health, Building 4400, Cork Airport Business Park, Kinsale Road Cork, Ireland
| | - N Rodriguez-Perez
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - W Barcik
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - R Frei
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.,4 Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - R Ferstl
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.,4 Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - M Kurnik-Lucka
- 5 Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. św. Anny 12, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - D Groeger
- 2 Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - R Grant
- 2 Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - J Roper
- 3 Alimentary Health, Building 4400, Cork Airport Business Park, Kinsale Road Cork, Ireland
| | - F Altmann
- 6 BOKU, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - D van Sinderen
- 7 APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, 1234 AB Cork, Ireland
| | - C A Akdis
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.,4 Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - L O'Mahony
- 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
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