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Liu X, Chen L, Sun P, Zhan Z, Wang J. Guizhi Fuling Formulation: A review on chemical constituents, quality control, pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacological properties, adverse reactions and clinical applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117277. [PMID: 37802375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guizhi Fuling Formulation (GF), composed of Cinnamomi Ramulus, Poria, Paeoniae Radix, Moutan Cortex, and Persicae Semen, was first recorded as a pill in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) classical book Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 CE). As a TCM prescription, it functions to improve blood circulation, reduce blood stasis and eliminate abdominal lumps. Originally used to treat the restlessness of pregnancy due to a mass, it is now also effective in treating gynecological illnesses and various tumors such as cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and others. With the expansion of clinical applications, GF was developed into different dosage forms, including Guizhi Fuling Pill (GFP), Guizhi Fuling Capsule (GFC), Guizhi Fuling Tablet (GFT), Guizhi Fuling Granule (GFG), and Guizhi Fuling Decoction (GFD). Different dosage forms of GF play an important role in clinical treatment. AIM OF THE REVIEW To systematically analyze and summarize the research findings concerning the chemical constituents, quality control, pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacological properties, adverse reactions, and clinical applications of GF, so as to point out the problems existing in the current research and provides opinions for future study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant literatures were collected from classical TCM books and a variety of databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. All eligible studies are analyzed and summarized in this review. RESULTS There are some problems for GF: the quality control system is not perfect, the study of pharmacokinetics is not comprehensive, the explanation of pharmacological mechanism is insufficient, and the clinical safety has not been fully verified. A few of research directions for future research are proposed: (i) to establish the method of characteristic components combined with bioassay and multi-index content determination to improve the quality evaluation; (ii) to elucidate pharmacokinetic studies based on human pharmacokinetic characteristics and interaction with intestinal microbiota; (iii) to carry out pharmacological mechanism studies at whole, organ, cellular and molecular levels; (iv) to reconfirm safety of various dosage forms of GF based on large-scale clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS GF is extremely valuable in drug research and in clinical treatment especially for gynecological diseases. However, there are also some issues. Future efforts should focus on strengthening quality control, clarifying pharmacological and pharmacokinetic processes, and reconfirming clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Lele Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Zhaoshuang Zhan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
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Lee SM, Ahn YM, Park SH, Shin S, Jung J. Reshaping the gut microbiome and bile acid composition by Gyejibongnyeong-hwan ameliorates western diet-induced dyslipidemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114826. [PMID: 37148862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gyejibongnyeong-hwan (GBH), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in clinical practice to treat blood stasis in metabolic diseases. Herein, we examined the effects of GBH on dyslipidemia and investigated the underlying mechanisms by focusing on modulation of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis by GBH. We utilized a Western diet-induced dyslipidemia mouse model and divided animals into the following four groups (n = 5 each): the normal chow diet, vehicle control (WD), simvastatin (Sim, 10 mg/kg/day simvastatin; positive control), and GBH (GBH, 300 mg/kg/day) groups. The drugs were administered for 10 weeks, and morphological changes in the liver and aorta were analyzed. The mRNA expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism, gut microbiota, and bile acid profiles were also evaluated. The GBH group showed significantly lower levels of total cholesterol, accumulation of lipids, and inflammatory markers in the liver and aorta of Western diet-fed mice. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the GBH group than in the WD group (P < 0.001). The expression of cholesterol excretion-associated genes such as liver X receptor alpha and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 8, as well as the bile acid synthesis gene cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, which lowers cholesterol in circulation, was increased. Furthermore, GBH inhibited the intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 signaling pathway through the interactions of gut microbiota with bile acids acting as FXR ligands, which included chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Overall, GBH improved dyslipidemia induced by a Western diet by modulating the gut microbiota-bile acid axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Min Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mee Ahn
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Shin
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Yang F, Cao M, Zhong L, Xiao N, Chen G, Cao Q, Huang F, Zhang J, He H. Sub-chronic and developmental toxicity of transdermal delivery of Renzhu ointment in young SD rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2022; 41:226-237. [PMID: 35712753 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2022.2088781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Renzhu ointment (Renzhuqigao, RZQG) is a patented herbal drug derived from Chinese traditional medicine formula and modern clinical experience for the transdermal treatment of non-infectious infantile diarrhoea. The safety of RZQG in preclinical studies has not been reported.Materials and methods: In this study, the pups of parent rats were examined for sub-chronic toxicity and developmental toxicity. After 21 days of birth, they were exposed to RZQG through their abdominal skin at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 g/kg/day for 4 weeks and then were observed for another four weeks during their recovery period.Results: During the administration period, RZQG had no significant toxicological effect on body weight, food consumption, external eye examination, urinalysis, bone marrow examination, histopathology, central nervous system, reproductive system, or skeletal development. However, in the 0.9 g/kg/day group, the skin of some rats became dry and cracked, red and swollen, forming a white scab, while the white blood cells (WBC) count in female rats was lower and cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), and glutamyl-transferase (GGT) were higher (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Rats receiving 0.9 g/kg/day exhibited skin irritation and were suspected to have a mild liver injury. There was no evidence of delayed toxicity four weeks after withdrawal. Therefore, the no-observed adverse effect level of RZQG was 0.3 g/kg/day (30 times the clinical dose planned and 4.92 times the human equivalent dose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengfei Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Ni Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengke Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifen He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
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The Multiple Pharmacologic Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Guizhi Fuling Formulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6813421. [PMID: 35529925 PMCID: PMC9076289 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6813421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Guizhi Fuling Formulation (GZFL), a traditional Chinese medical formulation, consists of Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Radix Alba (or Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Moutan Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Poria, with multiple therapeutic functions such as sedation, antitumor activity, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. However, its clinical applications remain relatively fragmented, and the underlying mechanisms of GZFL in different diseases are still not very certain. Further research and summary in both application and mechanisms remain to be needed for human health and the best use of GZFL. Therefore, we summarized the multiple pharmacologic effects and possible mechanisms of action of GZFL according to recent 17 years of research. Methods We retrieved four English and two Chinese databases using these keywords (the formulation name or its synonyms) and searched articles written in English from January 2006 up to February 2022. Key Findings. GZFL exhibits multiple pharmacologic advantages in gynecologic diseases and other expanding diseases such as cancer, blood, and vascular disease, renal failure, inflammation, and brain injury. Possibly due to its diverse bioactive components and pharmacologic activities, GZFL could target the multiple signaling pathways involved in regulating blood circulation, inflammatory and immune factors, proliferation, apoptosis, and so on. Conclusion This review suggests that GZFL displays promising therapeutic effects for many kinds of diseases, which have been beyond the scope of the original prescription for gynecologic diseases. In this way, we wish to provide a reference and recommendation for further preclinic and clinic studies.
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Ofosu FK, Daliri EBM, Elahi F, Chelliah R, Lee BH, Oh DH. New Insights on the Use of Polyphenols as Natural Preservatives and Their Emerging Safety Concerns. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.525810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Zhao YL, Su M, Shang JH, Wang X, Bao GL, Ma J, Sun QD, Yuan F, Wang JK, Luo XD. Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Indole Alkaloids Extract from Leaves of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. in Beagle Dogs. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:209-220. [PMID: 32524465 PMCID: PMC7367998 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., an evergreen tropical plant rich in indole alkaloids with significant physiological activity, is traditionally used to treat respiratory diseases in China. This study was conducted to establish the toxicity profile of the alkaloid extract (TA) of A. scholaris leaves in non-rodents. After oral administration of a single dose (4 g/kg.bw), a number of transient symptoms, such as unsteady gait, drooling, emesis, and reddening of peri-oral mucosa, were observed, but no treatment-related mortality. A sub-chronic toxicity study with a range of doses of TA (20, 60 and 120 mg/kg.bw) was conducted for a 13-week treatment period, followed by 4-week recovery observation. Except for emesis and drooling in majority of animals in 120 mg/kg.bw treatment group, no clinical changes were observed in TA-treated animals. Data from electrocardiography, bone marrow, urine, fecal, hematology and clinical chemistry analyses were comparable between TA-treated and control animals. No significant differences in the relative organ weights and histopathological characteristics were evident between the TA-treated and control groups. Accordingly, the non-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of TA was established as 120 mg/kg.bw. Our results add further knowledge to the safety database for indole alkaloid extracts from A. scholaris with potential utility as novel drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Lei Bao
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ma
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Di Sun
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Kun Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF, Ashraf Baig MMF, Rasul A. HPLC analysis, cytotoxicity, and safety study of Moringa oleifera Lam. (wild type) leaf extract. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13400. [PMID: 32729119 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study was planned to evaluate toxicity of M. oleifera leaf methanol extract in Wistar rats, cytotoxic potential and chemically characterize it. Acute toxicity study revealed no mortality at 2,000 mg/kg dose. In subchronic toxicity, 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg extract were administered in both sexes for 90 days. A decrease in body weight, cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins, as well as an increase in the platelet count were observed. The histology of heart, lung, and kidney was normal. The oxidative stress biomarkers were normal in the liver tissue. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed that IC50 of the plant extract was more than 1,000 µg/ml. FTIR explored various functional groups and HPLC analysis indicated the presence of kaempferol and quercetin in the plant extract. These results showed that the plant extract might be safe up to 2,000 mg/kg single dose. The long term use of the plant extract was mostly devoid of major system toxicities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: M. oleifera is a multipurpose tree. It is a cruciferous plant that has nutritional as well as medicinal properties. It is exhibited a multitude of nutraceutical or pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anticancer, hypoglycemic, and antihypertensive activities. It is widely used by local inhabitants for their health, food, agriculture, and cosmetic purposes. Among other plant parts, its leaves are mostly used as a functional food because of abundant proteins, β-carotene, polyphenol, vitamin C, and vitamin E. The current study was designed to validate its safety in acute and long term use. The data of this study suggested that the plant can be safely used as a nutraceutical as well as a nutritional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Zhao YL, Su M, Shang JH, Wang X, Njateng GSS, Bao GL, Ma J, Sun QD, Yuan F, Wang JK, Luo XD. Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Indole Alkaloids from Leaves of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. in Mice and Rats. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:77-88. [PMID: 32236848 PMCID: PMC7176796 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) is an evergreen tree that has been used to treat lung diseases. In this study, the toxicity profile of indole alkaloids from leaves of A. scholaris was investigated. In acute toxicity tests, mice were administered total alkaloids (TA) and five indole alkaloids. In a chronic toxicity test, rats were continuously administered TA (50, 100, and 300 mg/kg bw) for 13 weeks, followed by a 4-week recovery. A single administration of TA affected the behavior of mice, and at 12.8 g/kg bw, prone position, shortness of breath, wheezing, and convulsion were observed. The half-lethal dose (LD50) in mice was 5.48 g/kg bw, almost 2740 times the clinical dose in humans. Among the five indole alkaloids, the maximum tolerance dose in mice ranged from 0.75 to 4 g/kg bw. The TA-treated rats did not die and showed no adverse effects or dose-dependent changes in weight or food and water consumption, despite fluctuations in hematological and biochemical parameters compared with historical data. Furthermore, both gross and histopathological observations revealed no abnormalities in any organ. With daily oral administration to rats, the non-observed-adverse-effect-level of TA was 100 mg/kg bw. The results indicate that TA is safe for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Guy Sedar Singor Njateng
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Guang-Lei Bao
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ma
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Di Sun
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Kun Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Medical Material, Kunming, 650111, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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Han L, Cao X, Chen Z, Guo X, Yang L, Zhou Y, Bian H. Overcoming cisplatin resistance by targeting the MTDH-PTEN interaction in ovarian cancer with sera derived from rats exposed to Guizhi Fuling wan extract. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:57. [PMID: 32066429 PMCID: PMC7076886 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The well-known traditional Chinese herbal formula Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) was recently reported to improve the curative effects of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer with few clinical side effects. The present study aimed to investigate the reversal mechanism of sera derived from rats exposed to Guizhi Fuling Wan extract (GFWE) in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer SKOV3/DDP cells; the proteins examined included phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and metadherin (MTDH), and the possible protein interaction between PTEN and MTDH was explored. Methods GFWE was administered to healthy Wistar rats, and the sera were collected after five days. The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for literature on the bioactive blood components in the sera. The systemsDock website was used to predict potential PTEN/MTDH interactions with the compounds. RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to analyze the mRNA and protein levels of MTDH and PTEN. Laser confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) were used to analyze the colocalization and interaction between MTDH and PTEN. Results Sixteen bioactive compounds were identified in GFWE sera after searching the PubMed and CNKI databases. The systemsDock website predicted the potential PTEN/MTDH interactions with the compounds. RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses showed decreased MTDH expression and increased PTEN expression in the sera. Laser confocal microscopy images and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) analyses demonstrated that a colocalization and interaction occurred between MTDH and PTEN, and the addition of the sera changed the interaction status. Conclusions GFWE restored sensitivity to cisplatin by inhibiting MTDH expression, inducing PTEN expression, and improving the interaction between MTDH and PTEN in SKOV3/DDP cells, and these proteins and their interaction may serve as potential targets for cancer treatment. The sera may represent a new source of anticancer compounds that could help to manage chemoresistance more efficiently and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Xueyun Cao
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
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