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Silva J, Faustino-Rocha AI, Duarte JA, Oliveira PA. Realistic aspects behind the application of the rat model of chemically-induced mammary cancer: Practical guidelines to obtain the best results. Vet World 2023; 16:1222-1230. [PMID: 37577198 PMCID: PMC10421542 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1222-1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Despite the great contribution of in-vitro studies for biomedical research, animals are essential to study diseases' biopathology and diagnosis, and searching for new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Breast cancer is currently the most common cancer globally, accounting for 12.5% of all new annual cancer cases worldwide. Although the rat model of mammary cancer chemically-induced is widely used to study this disease, there is a lack of standardization in procedures for cancer induction, sample collection, and analysis. Therefore, it is important to provide a practical guide for researchers aiming to work with this model to make the analysis of results more uniform. Thus, in this review, we provide the researchers with a detailed step-by-step guide to implement a rat model of mammary cancer, based on our wide experience in this field, to obtain the best results, maximum throughput of each experiment, and easy comparison among researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Silva
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Research Center for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Alhassan SO, Abdulrazaq Y, Odeh EO, Atawodi SEO. Crassocephalum rubens (Juss Ex Jacq) leaf diets ameliorate systemic oxidative stress and tissue damage in a Wistar rat model. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14491. [PMID: 36309952 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of Crassocephalum rubens (Juss Ex Jacq) leaf to protect against systemic oxidative stress was evaluated in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) - intoxicated rats fed at various inclusion rates for a period of twelve (12) weeks. Major organs and tissues were then assessed for indices of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Crassocephalum rubens leaf significantly (p < .05) sustained the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase with significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in MNU-intoxicated animals, particularly at 5% and 10% inlusion rates. The dietary inclusion also prevented significant changes in hematological parameters such as neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. It also reduced the severity of histologic damages such as necrosis, epithelial degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration and other pathological changes to major organs. These results indicate that regular consumption of C. rubens leaf, prevents the deleterious biologic effects of the damaging reactive oxidative species (ROS). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Crassocephalum rubens leaf has potential for development into a nutraceutical or functional food for chemoprevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases associated with systemic oxidative stress, This is because its inclusion in the diet has attenuated lipid peroxidation, sustained the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitigated deleterious changes in blood composition and tissue architecture resulting from exposure to a chemical carcinogen.
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Calycosin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation for enhanced anti-cancer potential. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mehmood Y, Anwar F, Saleem U, Hira S, Ahmad B, Bashir M, Imtiaz MT, Najm S, Ismail T. The anti-cancer potential of 2,4,6 tris-methyphenylamino1,3,5-triazine compound against mammary glands cancer: Via down-regulating the hormonal, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2021; 285:119994. [PMID: 34592236 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Breast cancer is caused by abnormal growth of the cells and progressed due to the over-expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR). The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of 2,4,6 tris-methyphenylamino1,3,5-triazine compound (MPAT) in N-nitroso, N-methyl urea (NMU)-induced mammary gland cancer. METHODS Molecular docking and in-vitro studies were conducted before the in-vivo analysis. Female Albino rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6). Group I received Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (1 mL/100 g). Group II (diseased group) received NMU 50 mg/kg. Group III (standard group) received tamoxifen (5 mg/kg). Group IV-V received MPAT at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg respectively. All groups received NMU intraperitoneally except the control group at 3 weeks intervals for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of NMU dosing, MPAT was given for 15 consecutive days. Biochemical, oxidative stress markers, hormonal profile, and inflammatory mediators were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS MPAT showed significant interaction with the selected targets in docking studies. An over-expression of ER and PR was observed in NMU-treated rats which were restored significantly after MPAT administration. Nitrite and MDA levels were high in the diseased group and MPAT treatment attenuated the oxidative damage after treatment. Antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), total sulfhydryl (TSH), glutathione (GSH), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values were low in NMU-treated rats. SIGNIFICANCE This study concluded that MPAT can be used as an anticancer agent due to its significant effects on down-regulating the hormonal profile and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumna Mehmood
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Hira
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Manal Bashir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Imtiaz
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Najm
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- COMSAT University, Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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Adefisan AO, Owumi SE, Soetan KO, Adaramoye OA. Chloroform extract of Calliandra portoricensis inhibits tumourigenic effect of N-methyl- N-nitrosourea and benzo(a)pyrene in breast experimental cancer. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2424-2438. [PMID: 34325589 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1957556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Calliandra portoricensis (C. portoricensis) is used in herbal homes in Nigeria to manage breast diseases. We investigated the anti-tumourigenic effects of chloroform extract of C. portoricensis (CP) in breast experimental cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) and benzo-(a)-pyrene (BaP). Fifty-six female rats were assigned into seven equal groups: Group 1 served as control, group 2 received NMU and BaP (50 mg/kg, each), groups 3 and 4 received [NMU + BaP] and treated with CP at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Group 5 received CP (100 mg/kg), group 6 received [NMU + BaP] and vincristine (0.5 mg/kg), while group 7 received vincristine (0.5 mg/kg). The NMU and BaP (i.p) were dissolved in normal saline and corn oil, respectively. The CP (oral) and vincristine (i.p) were given thrice and twice per week, respectively for 10 weeks. The [NMU + BaP] intoxication significantly decreased body weight gain by 32% while organo-somatic weight of mammary gland increased by 37%. Also, [NMU + BaP] decreased the activities of mammary catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and total sulphurhydryl by 34%, 31%, 35%, 35% and 33%, respectively. The [NMU + BaP] increased inflammatory and oxidative stress markers; nitrite, lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase by 62%, 57% and 361%, respectively. Strong expression of BCL-2, IL-6, COX 2, β-catenin and iNOS in [NMU + BaP]-administered rats were observed. Histology revealed glands with malignant epithelial cells and high nucleocytoplasm in [NMU + BaP] rats. Treatment with CP attenuated inflammation, apoptosis and restored cyto-architecture of mammary gland. Overall, CP abates mammary tumourigenesis by targeting cellular pathways of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedoyin O Adefisan
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde O Soetan
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Tayyab Imtiaz M, Anwar F, Saleem U, Ahmad B, Hira S, Mehmood Y, Bashir M, Najam S, Ismail T. Triazine Derivative as Putative Candidate for the Reduction of Hormone-Positive Breast Tumor: In Silico, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Approach. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:686614. [PMID: 34122114 PMCID: PMC8193840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.686614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that poses the highest incidence of morbidity among women and presents many treatment challenges. In search of novel breast cancer therapies, several triazine derivatives have been developed for their potential chemotherapeutic activity. This study aims to evaluate the N-nitroso-N-methyl urea (NMU)-induced anti-mammary gland tumor activity of 2,4,6 (O-nitrophenyl amino) 1,3,5-triazine (O-NPAT). Methods: The in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity assay were performed to strengthen the research hypothesis. For in vivo experimentation, 30 female rats were divided into five groups. Group I (normal control) received normal saline. Group II (disease control) received NMU (50 mg/kg). Group III (standard control) was treated with tamoxifen (5 mg/kg). Groups IV and V received O-NPAT at a dose level of 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively. For tumor induction, 3 intraperitoneal doses of NMU were given at a 3-week interval, whereas all treatment compounds were administered orally for 14 consecutive days. Biochemical and oxidative stress markers were estimated for all experimental animals. DNA strand breakage alongside inflammatory markers was also measured for the analysis of inflammation. The hormonal profile of progesterone and estrogen was also estimated. Results: The test compound presented a significant reduction in organ weight and restored the hepatic and renal enzymes. O-NPAT treatments enhanced the antioxidant enzyme level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total sulfhydryl (TSH), with a highly significant reduction in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation. Also, the decrease in fragmented DNA, hormonal levels (estradiol and progesterone), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) justified the dosage efficacy further supported by histopathological findings. Conclusion: All results indicated the anti-breast tumor activity of O-NPAT and presented its possibility of exploitation for beneficial effects in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Imtiaz
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Hira
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yumna Mehmood
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manal Bashir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Najam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSAT University, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Owumi SE, Akomolafe AP, Imosemi IO, Odunola OA, Oyelere AK. N-acetyl cysteine co-treatment abates perfluorooctanoic acid-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14037. [PMID: 33724529 DOI: 10.1111/and.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid is a synthetic perfluoroalkyl-persistent in the environment and toxic to humans. N-acetylcysteine is a pro-drug of both amino acid l-cysteine and glutathione-a non-enzymatic antioxidant. N-acetylcysteine serves as an antidote for paracetamol poisoning and alleviates cellular oxidative and inflammatory stressors. We investigated N-acetylcysteine role against reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats (weight: 140-220 g; 10 weeks old) posed by perfluorooctanoic acid exposure. Randomised rat cohorts were dosed both with perfluorooctanoic acid (5 mg/kg; p.o) or co-dosed with N-acetylcysteine (25 and 50 mg/kg p.o) for 28 days. Sperm physiognomies, biomarkers of testicular function and reproductive hormones, oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated. Co-treatment with N-acetylcysteine significantly (p < .05) reversed perfluorooctanoic acid-mediated decreases in reproductive enzyme activities, and adverse effect on testosterone, luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations. N-acetylcysteine treatment alone, improved sperm motility, count and viability, and reduced total sperm abnormalities. Co-treatment with N-acetylcysteine mitigated perfluorooctanoic acid-induced alterations in sperm function parameters. N-acetylcysteine abated (p < .05) perfluorooctanoic acid-induced oxidative stress in experimental rats testes and epididymis, and generally improved antioxidant enzyme activities and cellular thiol levels. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine suppressed inflammatory responses and remedied perfluorooctanoic acid-mediated histological injuries in rat. Cooperatively, N-acetylcysteine enhanced reproductive function in perfluorooctanoic acid dosed rats, by lessening oxidative and nitrative stressors and mitigated inflammatory responses in the examined organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Change-Lab, CRMB Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayomide P Akomolafe
- Change-Lab, CRMB Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Innocent O Imosemi
- Neuroanatomy Research Laboratories, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oyeronke A Odunola
- Change-Lab, CRMB Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Adebayo OA, Akinloye O, Adaramoye OA. Cerium oxide nanoparticles elicit antitumourigenic effect in experimental breast cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and benzo(a)pyrene in female Wistar rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22687. [PMID: 33314526 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of cerium oxide nanoparticles [CeO2 NPs] in the biomedical field has continued to gain prominence due to its potent antioxidant property. This study was designed to assess the antitumorigenic effect of CeO2 NPs in rats administered N-methyl-N-nitrosourea [NMU] and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Twenty four female Wistar rats were equally assigned into four groups and treated with normal saline (control), [NMU + BaP], [NMU + BaP+CeO2 NPs], and [NMU + BaP + vincristine]. Animals were pretreated with NMU and BaP three times (age 7, 10, and 13 weeks). Thereafter, vincristine and CeO2 NPs were administered twice and three times per week, respectively, for 13 weeks. Results showed that the administration of NMU and BaP increased serum nitric oxide [NO] and myeloperoxidase [MPO] by 220% and 132%, respectively, whereas the activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and level of total bilirubin remained unchanged. Furthermore, mammary inflammatory [NO and MPO] and oxidative stress (LPO) markers were increased by 37%, 19%, and 24%, respectively. Mammary superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione-S-transferase were significantly decreased in [NMU + BaP]-administered rats by 165%, 146%, 35%, and 36%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed downregulation of Bax, p53, and caspase-3, while histology revealed the presence of malignant epithelial cells with pyknotic nuclei and high nucleocytoplasm in [NMU + BaP]-administered rats. Treatment with CeO2 NPs attenuated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation and restored the cytoarchitecture of the tissue. Overall, CeO2 NPs show an antitumourigenic effect in experimental breast cancer by targeting pathways linked to inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka A Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluyemi Akinloye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Arowoogun J, Akanni OO, Adefisan AO, Owumi SE, Tijani AS, Adaramoye OA. Rutin ameliorates copper sulfate-induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22623. [PMID: 32881150 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to Copper (Cu) may result in Cu toxicity and adversely affect health outcomes. We investigated the protective role of rutin on Cu-induced brain damage. Experimental rats were treated as follows: group I: control; group II: Cu-sulfate: 200 mg/kg; group III: Cu-sulfate, and rutin 100 mg/kg; and group IV: rutin 100 mg/kg, for 7 weeks. Cu only treatment significantly decreased body weight gain, while rutin cotreatment reversed this decrease. Cu treatment increased malondialdehyde, nitric oxide level, and myeloperoxidase activity and decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in rat brain. Immunohistochemistry showed that COX-2, iNOS, and Bcl-2 proteins were strongly expressed, while Bax was mildly expressed in the brain of Cu-treated rats. Furthermore, brain histology revealed degenerated neurons, and perforated laminae of cerebral cortex in the Cu-only treated rats. Interestingly, coadministration of Cu and rutin reduced the observed histological alteration, improved inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, thereby protecting against Cu-induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Arowoogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola O Akanni
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin O Adefisan
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Adefisan AO, Madu JC, Owumi SE, Adaramoye OA. Calliandra portoricensis ameliorates ovarian and uterine oxido-inflammatory responses in N-methyl- N-nitrosourea and benzo[a]pyrene-treated rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1490-1503. [PMID: 32746633 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220947387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Infertility resulting from reproductive impairment is traumatic in families. Exposure to chemicals may play insidious roles not easily connected to infertility. We examined benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and N-methyl nitrosourea (NMU)-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity and the role of Calliandra portoricensis in mitigating toxicity. In a bid to illuminate folk medical claims cloaked in mystery, unearthing lost knowledge, advance natural chemopreventive agents, and report new evidence lacking in the literature attributed to CP. Although CP is known to exhibit anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and analgesic effects in humans, its possible roles for mitigating toxicity stemming from inadvertent chemical exposures are reported here. Our findings affirm and further show that CP abates toxic response incumbent on oxidative damage and inflammatory responses associated with NMU and BaP exposure. Development of phytochemical derived from CP may serve as a potential natural therapy against chemical toxicities in individuals inadvertently exposed, and promote human health and reproductive satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedoyin O Adefisan
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Judith C Madu
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
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Ogbole OO, Ndabai NC, Akinleye TE, Attah AF. Evaluation of peptide-rich root extracts of Calliandria portoriscensis (Jacq.) Benth (Mimosaceae) for in vitro antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:30. [PMID: 32020886 PMCID: PMC7076830 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several Host defence peptides (HDPs) are low molecular weight (< 50 amino acids residues) peptides detected in several ethnomedicinal plants and have particularly gained research interest in recent times. Due to their wide range of bioactivity, occurrence, abundance and ability to induce very little resistance, they hold promising potentials in drug development. This study investigated the presence of bioactive peptides in the roots of Calliandra portoricensis (CPr) (Mimosaceae) and evaluated its antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. METHODS The crude peptide extract was obtained and pre-purified on pre-loaded tube of RP-C18 solid phase cartridges (strata giga tube C18-E; 5 g, 20 mL, Phenomenex, Germany). Peptide enriched fraction was chemically analysed for arginine-rich/aromatic amino acid-rich peptides using a modified G-250 analytical stain and ninhydrin on thin layer chromatography (TLC) for a preliminary screening. Furthermore, MALDI TOF/TOF peptidomics was used to detect the presence and masses of the peptides. Extracts from CPr were used to test the ability to inhibit microbial growth using p-INT (Para-iodonitrotetrazolium violet) dye, with 0.1% gentamycin as positive control. The concentration that inhibits the growth of microorganisms by 50% (IC50) were determined. Toxicity of the two extracts was accessed using freshly hatched nauplii of Artemia salina. Data analysis were evaluated using Microsoft excel and GraphPad Prism5. RESULTS Low molecular weight (LMW) peptides were detected in CPr using TLC and MALDI-TOF MS. Generally, the extracts exhibited good inhibition (70-95%) against the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, except MRSA6 typed strain. Enhanced activity was observed in the pre-purified peptide fraction than in the methanol crude, except on MRSA6. The greatest antimicrobial inhibition by pre-purified peptide fraction was against MRSA22 (IC50 = 0.69 ± 0.33 μg/mL). The crude methanol extract (LC50 = 5.13 μg/mL) was slightly more toxic than the peptide extract (LC50 = 6.12 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on detection of bioactive LMW peptides in Mimosaceae family. These peptides appear to be rich in arginine and aromatic amino acids. The peptide extract, in its pre-purified form showed a lower Brine shrimp cytotoxicity and an enhanced antimicrobial activity against the tested gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omonike O Ogbole
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Nkiruka C Ndabai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Toluwanimi E Akinleye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Alfred F Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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