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Deng J, Liu J, Chen W, Liang Q, He Y, Sun G. Effects of Natural Products through Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Attenuation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1627-1650. [PMID: 38774483 PMCID: PMC11108075 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s388920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With ever-increasing intensive studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), significant progresses have been made. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)/unfolded protein reaction (UPR) is associated with the development and progression of IPF, and targeting ERS/UPR may be beneficial in the treatment of IPF. Natural product is a tremendous source of new drug discovery, and accumulating studies have reported that many natural products show potential therapeutic effects for IPF via modulating one or more branches of the ERS signaling pathway. Therefore, this review focuses on critical roles of ERS in IPF development, and summarizes herbal preparations and bioactive compounds which protect against IPF through regulating ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiuLing Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - WanSheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuQiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - GuangChun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
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Han W, Zhang D, Zhang P, Tao Q, Du X, Yu C, Dong P, Zhu Y. Danlou Recipe promotes cholesterol efflux in macrophages RAW264.7 and reverses cholesterol transport in mice with hyperlipidemia induced by P407. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:445. [PMID: 38066464 PMCID: PMC10704726 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver X Receptor (LXR) agonists could attenuate the development of atherosclerosis but bring excess lipid accumulation in the liver. Danlou Recipe was believed to be a benefit for improving the lipid profile. Thus, it is unclear whether Danlou Recipe could attenuate hyperlipidemia without excess lipid accumulated in the liver of mice. This study aimed to clarify if Danlou Recipe could alleviate the progression of hyperlipidemia in mice without extra lipids accumulated in the liver. METHODS Male murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages were used for the in vitro experiments. Cellular cholesterol efflux was determined using the fluorescent cholesterol labeling method. Those genes involved in lipid metabolism were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. In vivo, a mouse model of hyperlipidemia induced by P407 was used to figure out the effect of Danlou Recipe on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and hyperlipidemia. Ethanol extract of Danlou tablet (EEDL) was prepared by extracting the whole powder of Danlou Prescription from ethanol, and the chemical composition was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). RESULTS EEDL inhibits the formation of RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells, and promotes ABCA1/apoA1 conducted cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages and mouse peritoneal macrophages. In the P407-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model, oral administration of EEDL can promote RCT in vivo and improve fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet. Consistent with the findings in vitro, EEDL promotes RCT by upregulating the LXR activities. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that EEDL has the potential for targeting RCT/LXR in the treatment of lipid metabolism disorders to be developed as a safe and effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qianqian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Chunquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Pengzhi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Huang W, Huang X, Yang L, Han W, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Chen R. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis Exploring the Mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1448. [PMID: 37629739 PMCID: PMC10456824 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an infrequent autoimmune disease of the oral mucosa, which affects up to 2% of the world population. An investigation of Tripterygium wilfordii's mechanism of action for treating OLP was conducted, and a theoretical basis was provided for improving current treatment regimens. Materials and Methods: We used a network pharmacological approach to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in the treatment of OLP. Then, potential protein targets between Tripterygium wilfordii and OLP were analyzed through a drug-target network. This was followed by KEGG enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) classification. Finally, for molecular docking, AutoDock Vina was used. Results: A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by analyzing the common targets of a total of 51 wilfordii-OLP interactions from different databases. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the treatment of OLP with Tripterygium wilfordii mainly involves lipopolysaccharide response, bacterial molecular response, positive regulation of cytokine production, and leukocyte proliferation, and the signaling pathways mainly include the AGE-RAGE, NF-κB, Toll-like receptor, IL-17, HIF-1, and TNF signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that β-sitosterol, kaempferol, hederagenin, and triptolide have a higher affinity for AKT1, TNF, CASP3, and PTGS2, respectively. Based on the CytoNCA analysis of common targets, 19 key targets, including AKT1, TNF, VEGFA, STAT3, CXCL8, PTGS2, TP53, and CASP3, and their connections were identified. Conclusions: Preliminarily, this study reveals that Tripterygium wilfordii interferes with OLP by interacting with multiple targets through multiple accesses, as validated by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuanyin Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230032, China; (W.H.); (X.H.); (L.Y.); (W.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ran Chen
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230032, China; (W.H.); (X.H.); (L.Y.); (W.H.); (Z.Z.)
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Cai B, Lu H, Ye Q, Xiao Q, Wu X, Xu H. Identification of potent target and its mechanism of action of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2023. [PMID: 37317623 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM The Chinese anti-rheumatic herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) has been widely shown to be effective in treating lupus nephritis (LN), but the therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to combine mRNA expression profile analysis and network pharmacology analysis to screen the pathogenic genes and pathways involved in LN and to explore the potential targets of TWHF in the treatment of LN. METHODS The mRNA expression profiles of LN patients were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to predict associated pathogenic pathways and networks via the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis database. Through molecular docking, we predicted the mechanism by which TWHF interacts with candidate targets. RESULTS A total of 351 DEGs were screened from the glomeruli of LN patients and were mainly concentrated in the role of pattern recognition receptors in the recognition of bacteria and viruses and interferon signaling pathways. A total of 130 DEGs were screened from the tubulointerstitium of LN patients, which were concentrated in the interferon signaling pathway. TWHF might be effective in treating LN by hydrogen bonding to regulate the functions of 24 DEGs (including HMOX1, ALB, and CASP1), which are mainly concentrated in the B-cell signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The mRNA expression profile of renal tissue from LN patients revealed a large number of DEGs. TWHF has been shown to interact with the DEGs (including HMOX1, ALB and CASP1) through hydrogen bonding to treat LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjuan Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyi Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huji Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Xiao L, Xiao W, Zhan F. Targets of total glucosides of paeony in the treatment of Sjogren syndrome: A network pharmacology study. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:375-380. [PMID: 36653917 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the total glucoside of peony (TGP) in treating Sjogren syndrome (SS) using the network pharmacology approach. METHODS The protein targets of TGP and SS were identified by database search. Then, the intersection of the two groups was studied. The drug-target network between TGP and the overlapping genes was constructed, visualized, and analyzed by Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment were performed to analyze these genes. Finally, the predictions of potential targets were evaluated by docking study. RESULTS Forty-six overlapping genes were discovered. The results suggested that TGP used in the treatment of SS is associated with cellular tumor antigen p53, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1, and epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as their related 3372 protein networks, which regulate intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, cellular response to oxidative stress, rhythmic process, and other processes. Molecular docking analysis proved that hydrogen bonding is the main form of interaction. CONCLUSION Our research provided the protein targets affected by TGP in SS treatment. The key targets (caspase 3, vascular endothelial growth factor A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, etc.), which involve 3372 proteins, are the multitarget mechanism of TGP in SS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Feng Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
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Li J, Zhang Y, Liu S, Li W, Sun Y, Cao H, Wang S, Meng J. A network pharmacology integrated pharmacokinetics strategy to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of absorbed components from crude and processed Zingiberis Rhizoma on deficiency-cold and hemorrhagic syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115754. [PMID: 36195301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) and Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata (ZRC), as two forms of ginger-based herbal drugs used in China for at least 2000 years, have been recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and applied for specific indications in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to explore the underlying therapeutic and processing mechanism of the absorbed components of ZR and ZRC on deficiency-cold and hemorrhagic syndrome (DCHS) using network pharmacological technique combined with pharmacokinetics strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a rapid and sensitive approach was conceived to simultaneously determine the seven components (zingiberone, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 6-paradol, diacetyl-6-gingerol and 10-gingerol) in rat serum by HPLC-DAD-MS. The network pharmacological technique was employed to evaluate the effect of the absorbed components of ZR and ZRC on DCHS. Also, the vitro experiments were carried out to validate the functions of the seven compounds on coagulation and other major haematological effects. RESULTS The values of intra-assay and inter-assay precision were determined to be less than 7.44%, with an accuracy value ranging from 83.64% to 107.99%. Analysis of rat plasma revealed that the extraction recoveries and matrix effects of the seven analytes were >85.76%. The method for validation following oral administration of ZR and ZRC to rats was proved to be a success in the pharmacokinetic study of the seven ingredients. Pharmacokinetics showed that ZR processing could enhance the absorption and utilization of 6-shogaol, 6-paradol and diacetyl-6-gingerol, meanwhile reduce the absorption of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol. Through the pathway enrichment analysis, it was found that the significant biological process of ZR and ZRC on DCHS was primarily associated with complement, coagulation cascades and platelet activation pathways. The vitro experiments indicated that zingiberone, 6-paradol and diacetyl-6-gingerol had a hemostatic effect by upregulating the expression of one or more targets such as TNF-α, FⅩa, FⅫ, FⅧ, ICAM-1, vWF and ITGB3. While 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol played a critical role in promoting blood circulation by increasing the expression of TM and/or PORC, and/or reducing the expression of ITGB3. CONCLUSION In brief, network pharmacological technique in combination with pharmacokinetics strategy provided an applicable method for pharmacological mechanism study of ZR and ZRC, which, also, could be used as reference for quality control of the two drugs. In a broader sense, this combined strategy might even be valuable in uncovering the therapeutic and processing mechanism of Chinese herbs on a systematic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shurui Liu
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wangjun Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shumei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiang Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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Jia Z, Liu L, Fang C, Pan M, Cong S, Guo Z, Yang X, Liu J, Li Y, Xiao H. A Network-Pharmacology-Combined Integrated Pharmacokinetic Strategy to Investigate the Mechanism of Potential Liver Injury due to Polygonum multiflorum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238592. [PMID: 36500685 PMCID: PMC9740939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum (PM) has been used as a tonic and anti-aging remedy for centuries in Asian countries. However, its application in the clinic has been hindered by its potential to cause liver injury and the lack of investigations into this mechanism. Here, we established a strategy using a network pharmacological technique combined with integrated pharmacokinetics to provide an applicable approach for addressing this issue. A fast and sensitive HPLC-QQQ-MS method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of five effective compounds (trans-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, physcion-8-O-β-d-glucoside, aloe-emodin and emodin). The method was fully validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effects, and stability. The lower limits of quantification were 0.125-0.500 ng/mL. This well-validated method was successfully applied to an integrated pharmacokinetic study of PM extract in rats. The network pharmacological technique was used to evaluate the potential liver injury due to the five absorbed components. Through pathway enrichment analysis, it was found that potential liver injury is primarily associated with PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Rap1, and Ras signaling pathways. In brief, the combined strategy might be valuable in revealing the mechanism of potential liver injury due to PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Jia
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Cong Fang
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Mingxia Pan
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Shiyu Cong
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Zhonghui Guo
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Yueting Li
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-53911883
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Zhu W, Li Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang Y. The mechanism of triptolide in the treatment of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Ann Med 2022; 54:541-552. [PMID: 35132912 PMCID: PMC8843192 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2034931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, which is one of the key systematic manifestations of connective tissue disease (CTD). Tripterygium wilfordii, known as Leigongteng in Chinese, has been applied to treat connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) for many years. Triptolide is a key effective component from Tripterygium wilfordii. But the molecular mechanism of Triptolide for treating CTD-ILD is not yet clear. METHODS Gaining insight into the molecular mechanism of Triptolide intervention CTD-ILD, we used the method of network pharmacology. And then we conducted drug-target networks to analyse the potential protein targets between Triptolide and CTD-ILD. Finally, AutoDock Vina was selected for molecular docking. RESULTS By analysing the interaction genes between Triptolide and CTD-ILD, 242 genes were obtained. The top 10 targets of the highest enrichment scores were STAT3, AKT1, MAPK1, IL6, TP53, MAPK3, RELA, TNF, JUN, JAK2. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis exhibited that multiple signalling pathways were involved. PI3K-Akt, multiple virus infections, cancer signalling, chemokine, and apoptosis signalling pathway are the main pathways for Triptolide intervention CTD-ILD. And it is related to various biological processes such as inflammation, infection, cell apoptosis, and cancer. Molecular docking shows Triptolide can bind with its target protein in a good bond by intermolecular force. CONCLUSIONS This study preliminarily reveals the internal molecular mechanism of Triptolide interfere with CTD-ILD through multiple targets, multiple access, validated through molecular docking.KEY MESSAGESTriptolide intervention CTD-ILD, which are related to various biological processes such as inflammation, infection, cell apoptosis, and cancer.PI3K-Akt, multiple virus infections, and apoptosis signalling pathway are the main pathways for Triptolide intervention CTD-ILD.Triptolide can bind with related target protein in a good bond by Intermolecular force, exhibiting a good docking activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yehui Li
- Department of Pneumology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixi Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li Z, Cheng Q, Yu L, He YY, Gao LN, Wang Y, Li L, Cui YL, Gao S, Yu CQ. Dan-Lou tablets reduces inflammatory response via suppression of the MyD88/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by ox-LDL. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115600. [PMID: 35970313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE The anti-inflammatory effect of Dan-Lou tablets (DLT) have been reported; however, the signaling pathways involved and their role in foam cell formation remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular target and mechanism of DLT in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), and investigate the role of DLT in inhibiting foam cell formation and the anti-inflammatory effects of RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study explored and elucidated the main active components, therapeutic targets, and pharmacological mechanisms of DLT treatment for CHD using network pharmacology. Secondly, the accuracy of the interaction of key active compounds with key proteins was verified by molecular docking analysis. Eight chemical compositions were determined from the ethanol extract of DLT (EEDL) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, this study used EEDL intervention with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to induce RAW264.7 macrophages to verify the results of network pharmacology. RESULTS According to network pharmacological analysis, 269 common targets of DLT and CHD were obtained from an online database, and 24 key targets were obtained from further analysis. GO enrichment and KEGG analyses were performed, mainly involving the cAMP, cGMP-PKG, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, and vascular smooth muscle contraction. Molecular docking showed that the active components in DLT docked well with MyD88, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK. The eight compounds from the EEDL have been identified as gallic acid, salvianolic acid, puerarin, daidzein, paeoniflorin, salvianolic acid B, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA with concentrations of 4.62, 4.76, 23.73, 34.24, 14.59, 21.69, 0.34, and 0.47 μg/mg, respectively. Further in vitro experiments showed that the levels of MyD88 and p-p38 MAPK in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by ox-LDL increased noticeably. Stimulating the NF-κB signaling pathway increased the release of pro-flammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) and strengthened the inflammatory response (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the levels of MyD88, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β decreased after EEDL treatment (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of the DLT intervention of ox-LDL-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages may involve the MyD88/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qi Cheng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan He
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li-Na Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chun-Quan Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
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Zhang F, Duan B, Zhou Z, Han L, Huang P, Ye Y, Wang Q, Huang F, Li J. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal anti-chronic myocardial ischemia mechanism of Gualou Xiebai decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115530. [PMID: 35830899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gualou Xiebai decoction (GLXB), a well-known classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, is a recorded and proven therapy for the management of cardiac diseases. However, its pharmacological characteristics and mechanism of action are unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of GLXB and its mechanism of action in an isoprenaline-induced rat model of chronic myocardial ischemia (CMI) were investigated by incorporating metabonomics and transcriptomics. Meanwhile, the echocardiographic evaluation, histopathological analysis, serum biochemistry assay, TUNEL assay and western blot analysis were detected to revealed the protective effects of GLXB on CMI. RESULTS The results of echocardiographic evaluation, histopathological analysis and serum biochemistry assay revealed that GLXB had a significantly cardioprotective performance by reversing echocardiographic abnormalities, restoring pathological disorders and converting the serum biochemistry perturbations. Further, the omics analysis indicated that many genes and metabolites were regulated after modeling and GLXB administration, and maintained the marked "high-low" or "low-high" trends. Meanwhile, the results from integrated bioinformatics analysis suggested that the interaction network mainly consisted of amino acid and organic acid metabolism. The results of TUNEL assay and western blot analysis complemented the findings of integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that GLXB has a curative effect in isoproterenol-induced CMI in rats. Integrated analysis based on transcriptomics and metabolomics studies revealed that the mechanism of GLXB in alleviating CMI was principally by the regulation of energy homeostasis and apoptosis, which was through a multi-component and multi-target treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Zhang
- Pharmacy School, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430061, China
| | - Bailu Duan
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Zhenxiang Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lintao Han
- Pharmacy School, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430061, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430061, China; College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yan Ye
- Pharmacy School, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430061, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430061, China; College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Xiao L, Lin S, Zhan F. One of the active ingredients in Paeoniae Radix Alba functions as JAK1 inhibitor in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906763. [PMID: 36199685 PMCID: PMC9527307 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to explore and verify the mechanism underlying the action of the active ingredients of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: The protein targets of PRA’s six active ingredients and RA were identified. Then, the intersection of the two groups was studied. The drug–target network was constructed, visualized, and analyzed by Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were performed to analyze these genes. Furthermore, we validated our predictions of the potential targets through a docking study. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effect of Palbinone (PB), one of the active ingredients of PRA, was tested by conducting in vitro and in vivo studies. Results: Six active ingredients of PRA were identified, and 103 overlapping genes were discovered. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the genes are mostly enriched in IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and the FoxO, ErbB, and TNF signaling pathways. 10 hub genes and two gene cluster modules were identified by Cytoscape. Molecular docking analysis proved that PB was able to bind to the ATP binding site of Janus kinase (JAK)1, thereby acting as a potential inhibitor of JAK1. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that PB exerts its anti-inflammatory role via the inhibition of JAK1. Conclusion: We constructed a multitarget pharmacological network of PRA in RA treatment. PB, one of the active compounds of PRA, was demonstrated to be a promising inhibitor of JAK1.
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Ye Q, Zhang Y, Yan D, Sun Y, Li M, Cao H, Wang S, Meng J. Integrating pharmacokinetics and network analysis to investigate the mechanism of Moutan Cortex in blood-heat and blood stasis syndrome. Chin Med 2022; 17:107. [PMID: 36104759 PMCID: PMC9476706 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00657-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raw Moutan Cortex (RMC) has been used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. Its medical application is the treatment of cooling blood and promoting blood circulation. However, its therapeutic mechanism is still undefined. METHODS In this study, the pharmacokinetics strategy that integrated network analysis was employed to explore the mechanism of RMC in blood-heat and blood stasis syndrome (BHS) model rats. Firstly, Ultra-High performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detector (UHPLC-DAD) method was developed to determine nine absorbed compounds in rat serum in BHS and normal rats after oral administration of RMC extract respectively. Then the pharmacology network was established based on the relationship between nine compounds absorbed into the blood and BHS targets. Finally, the predicted hub targets were validated experimentally in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS Pharmacokinetic study showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters of nine absorbed compounds had significant differences between BHS and normal groups (p < 0.05). Network analysis showed that 8 target genes, namely, F2, F10, F7, PLAU, MAPK14, MAPK10, AKT1, and NOS3 may be the primary targets regulated by RMC for the treatment of BHS. Among them, targets (F2, F10, F7 and MAPK14, MAPK10, AKT) and 4 active ingredients (paeonol, paeoniflorin, quercetin and oxypaeoniflorin) were selected for evaluating the reliability in vitro experiments, which revealed that the mechanism of RMC against BHS syndrome may inhibit inflammatory pathways and regulate coagulation cascades pathway for cooling and promoting blood circulation. CONCLUSION The proposed pharmacokinetics study integrated network analysis strategy provides a combination method to explore the therapeutic mechanism of RMC on BHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University/Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)/Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Donghui Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University/Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)/Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University/Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)/Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ming Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shumei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University/Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)/Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiang Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University/Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)/Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Universities in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Validation to Reveal the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Kangai Injection against Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3008842. [PMID: 36046463 PMCID: PMC9420643 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3008842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Kangai injection is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mixed by extracts from astragalus, ginseng, and kurorinone with modern technology. It is a commonly used antitumor injection in China, but the mechanism of Kangai injection in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of Kangai injection against CRC using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods Targets of Kangai injection in CRC were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction and DisGeNET databases. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed by using the DAVID database. A component-disease-target gene-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. Results 114 overlapping targets of Kangai injection and CRC were used to construct a PPI network, and the top 10 hub targets of Kangai injection were rated from high to low as TP53, VEGFA, EGFR, TNF, ESR1, STAT3, HSP90AA1, HDAC1, AR, and MMP9. The ingredient-target-disease interactive network was constructed, which included 22 compounds and 114 overlapping targets with 161 nodes and 707 edges. Entries of enrichment analysis were obtained based on P value (<0.05), which included 19 of GO-MF, 217 of GO-BP, 8 of GO-CC, and 13 KEGG. Molecular docking analysis showed that Kangai injection strongly interacted with top 10 hub target proteins. Conclusion Network pharmacology intuitively showed the multicomponent, multiple targets, and multiple pathways of Kangai injection in the treatment of CRC. The molecular docking experiment verified that compounds of Kangai injection had good binding ability with top 10 hub target proteins as well.
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Ding J, Wu J, Wei H, Li S, Huang M, Wang Y, Fang Q. Exploring the Mechanism of Hawthorn Leaves Against Coronary Heart Disease Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:804801. [PMID: 35783840 PMCID: PMC9243333 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.804801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hawthorn leaves, which is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for treating coronary heart disease (CHD) for a long time in China. But the limited understanding of the main active components and molecular mechanisms of this traditional medicine has restricted its application and further research. The active compounds of hawthorn leaves were obtained from TCMSP database and SymMap database. The targets of it were predicted based on TCMSP, PubChem, Swiss Target Prediction, and SymMap database. The putative targets of CHD were gathered from multi-sources databases including the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, the DrugBank database, the GeneCards database and the DisGeNet database. Network topology analysis, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed to select the key targets and pathways. Molecular docking was performed to demonstrate the binding capacity of the key compounds to the predicted targets. Furthermore, RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were treated with three effective compounds of hawthorn leaves to assess reliability of prediction. Quercetin, isorhamnetin and kaempferol were main active compounds in hawthorn leaves. Forty four candidate therapeutic targets were identified to be involved in protection of hawthorn leaves against CHD. Additionally, the effective compounds of it had good binding affinities to PTGS2, EGFR, and MMP2. Enrichment analyses suggested that immune inflammation related biological processes and pathways were possibly the potential mechanism. Besides, we found that three predicted effective compounds of hawthorn leaves decreased protein expression of PTGS2, MMP2, MMP9, IL6, IL1B, TNFα and inhibited activation of macrophage. In summary, the present study demonstrates that quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin are proved to be the main effective compounds of hawthorn leaves in treatment of CHD, possibly by suppressing expression of PTGS2, MMP2, MMP9, inflammatory cytokines and macrophages viability. This study provides a new understanding of the active components and mechanisms of hawthorn leaves treating CHD from the perspective of network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sui Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang T, Zhou Y, Wang K, Jiang X, Wang J, Chen J. Prediction and validation of potential molecular targets for the combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29762. [PMID: 35776988 PMCID: PMC9239660 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 20th century, mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases has increased, posing a substantial economic burden on society. Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease that requires urgent and careful attention. This study was conducted to predict and validate the potential molecular targets and pathways of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis (A&A) in the treatment of atherosclerosis using network pharmacology. The active ingredients of A&A were obtained using the TCMSP database, while the target genes of atherosclerosis were acquired using 2 databases, namely GeneCards and DrugBank. The disease-target-component model map and the core network were obtained using Cytoscape 3.8.2 and MCODE plug-in, respectively. The core network was then imported into the STRING database to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using the HIPLOT online website. Finally, the small molecules related to key signaling pathways were molecularly docked and visualized. Under the screening conditions of oral bioavailability ≥ 30% and drug-likeness ≥ 0.18, 22 active ingredients were identified from A&A, and 174 relevant targets were obtained. Additionally, 54 active ingredients were found in the extracted core network. Interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway were selected as the main subjects through KEGG enrichment analysis. Core targets (RELA, IKBKB, CHUK, and MMP3) and active ingredients (kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin) were selected and validated using molecular docking. This study identified multiple molecular targets and pathways for A&A in the treatment of atherosclerosis. A&A has the potential to treat atherosclerosis through an antiinflammatory approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Wang
- The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Kaina Wang
- The 1st Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- The 1st Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Library, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of life science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Chen, School of life science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City 310053, Zhejiang Province, China (e-mail: )
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Xie B, Chen Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Luo H, Xu J, Song X. Targets Exploration of Hydroxychloroquine for Pigmentation and Cell Protection Effect in Melanocytes: The Clue for Vitiligo Treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1011-1024. [PMID: 35411132 PMCID: PMC8994563 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s350387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The treatment of vitiligo is often challenging to dermatologists. There is ample evidence to suggest that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is effective for vitiligo treatment; nonetheless, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we sought to uncover the molecular targets of HCQ by an integrated network-based pharmacologic and transcriptomic approach. Methods The potential targets of HCQ were retrieved from databases based on the crystal structure. Targets related to vitiligo were screened and intersected with potential targets of HCQ. A protein-protein interaction network of the intersected targets was generated. Interactions between the targets were verified by molecular docking. Moreover, human vitiligo immortalized melanocytes (PIG3V) were evaluated after treatment with HCQ (1μg/mL) for 24h. The total RNA of PIG3V was extracted and determined by RNA-seq transcriptomics for differential gene expression analysis. Network pharmacology was then used to identify the relationships between putative targets of HCQ and differentially expressed genes. Results Molecular docking analysis revealed four putative key targets (ACHE, PNMT, MC1R, and VDR) of HCQ played important roles in vitiligo treatment. According to the transcriptomic results, the melanosomal biogenesis-related gene BLOC1S5 was upregulated 138005.020 fold after HCQ treatment. Genes related to protein repair (MSRB3) and anti-ultraviolet (UV) effect (UVSSA) were upregulated 4.253 and 2.603 fold, respectively, after HCQ treatment. Conclusion The expression of the BLOC1S5 gene is significantly upregulated, indicating upregulated melanosomal biogenesis after HCQ treatment. In addition, HCQ yields a protective effect on melanocytes by upregulating genes associated with damaged protein repair (MSRB3) and anti-UV effect (UVSSA). The protective effects of HCQ are mediated by binding to putative targets ACHE, PNMT, MC1R, and VDR according to network pharmacology and docking verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yebei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
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Xiong L, Liu SC, Huo SY, Pu LQ, Li JJ, Bai WY, Yang Y, Shao JL. Exploration in the Therapeutic and Multi-Target Mechanism of Ketamine on Cerebral Ischemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4195-4208. [PMID: 35480991 PMCID: PMC9035835 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s345884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ketamine is famous for its dissociative anesthetic properties. It is also analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant, and even has a cerebral protective effect. We searched the evidence of the correlation between ketamine target and clinical efficacy and utilized network pharmacology to gather information about the multi-target mechanism of ketamine against cerebral ischemia (CI). We found that ketamine’s clinical significance may be more extensive than previously thought. Methods The drug target of ketamine and CI-related genes were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction, DrugBank, PubChem, GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The intersection of ketamine’s drug-targets and CI-related genes was analyzed by using GO and KEGG. We predicted the molecular docking between the potential target and ketamine. Results The results indicated that the effect of ketamine on CI was primarily associated with the target of α-synuclein (SNCA), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1) and nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1). It principally regulates the signal pathways of circadian transmission, calcium signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapse, cholinergic synapse and glutamatergic synapse. Molecular docking analysis exhibited that hydrogen bond and Pi-Pi interaction were the predominant modes of interaction. Conclusion There are protein targets affected by ketamine in the treatment of CI. Three pivotal targets involving 298 proteins, SNCA, CHRM1 and NOS1, have emerged as multi-target mechanisms for ketamine in CI therapy. Similarly, this study also provides a new idea for introducing network pharmacology into the evaluation of multi-targeted drugs for CI and cerebral protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Cheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Ying Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan-Qing Pu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ya Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Lin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian-Lin Shao, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Zhou H, Chen T. An integrated analysis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy-related cell sequencing outcomes via genes network construction. IBRAIN 2022; 8:78-92. [PMID: 37786415 PMCID: PMC10529176 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main causes of morbidity and severe neurological deficits in neonates. This study aimed to find core genes and their potential roles in HIE with the help of single-cell sequencing (SCS) technology and genes network construction. We collected and screened an HIE genes data set from the Pubmed database to analyze differential expression, and the differential values of genes were ≥3 or ≤-3 in gene expression. We constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by the string, which was also verified by Cytoscape 3.8.2. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to determine the characteristics and pathways of the core genes. We examined two meaningful papers and integrated all genes by SCS, which were classified into 12,093 genes without duplicates, 217 shared genes, and 11,876 distinct genes. Among 217 genes, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family was the most targeted gene in the PPI network. Moreover, Gene Ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome analysis showed that the process in response to virus and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway play significant roles in HIE. We also found that 54 screened genes were highly expressed, while three genes (B2M, VIM, and MRPS30) were different in the heat map and differential genes expression exhibition. VIM, as an essential portion of the brain's cytoskeleton, is closely linked to STAT and neurologic development. From the findings of SCS and bioinformatics predictive analytics model, our outcomes provided a better understanding of the roles of STAT, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and VIM, which can pave an alternative avenue for further studies on HIE progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Su Zhou
- Department of Laboratory ZoologyKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ting‐Bao Chen
- Department of Laboratory ZoologyKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
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Wang L, Wu T, Si C, Wang H, Yue K, Shang S, Li X, Chen Y, Guan H. Danlou Tablet Activates Autophagy of Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts Through PI3K/Akt/mTOR to Protect Cells From Damage Caused by Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730525. [PMID: 34867337 PMCID: PMC8637544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Danlou tablet (DLT), a commercial Chinese patent medicine, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases for many years. Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence indicates that autophagy plays a vital role in the development of AS. Here we investigated whether DLT could activate autophagy to improve AS and further clarified its underlying mechanisms. In an ApoE−/− mice model, the results of Oil red O, Masson’s trichrome, and H&E staining techniques showed that DLT significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and fibrosis formation in atherosclerotic plaque tissue. DLT also inhibited serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels and suppressed serum levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in ApoE−/− mice. Moreover, DLT suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of human vascular adventitial fibroblasts (HVAFs) by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In addition, western blot analysis showed that Danlou tablet treatment decreased the expression of p62 and increased Beclin 1 and LC3 I -to-LC3 II ratios in HVAFs. The role of autophagy in treating atherosclerosis by DLT is confirmed by 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor) and rapamycin (autophagy activator) in HVAFs. In summary, DLT activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy of vascular adventitial fibroblasts to protect cells from damage caused by atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunying Si
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Yue
- The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaimin Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang Y, Xue B, Wang X, Wang Q, Liu E, Chen X. Pharmacokinetic study of Tangwang Mingmu granule for the management of diabetic retinopathy based on network pharmacology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1334-1350. [PMID: 34590544 PMCID: PMC8491704 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1979051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tangwang Mingmu granule (TWMM), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication in diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE To establish a method to select target compounds from herbs for a pharmacokinetic study using network pharmacology, which could be applied in clinical settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, UPLC/Q Exactive Q-Orbitrap and GCMS 2010 were used to determine the non-volatile and volatile ingredients of TWMM. Based on the identified compounds, network pharmacology was used to screen the key compounds and targets of TWMM in the treatment of DR. Based on the compound-target-pathway network and identification of components emigrant into blood, the potential compound markers in vivo were chosen. Then, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administrated of TWMM at a 9.6 g/kg dose to investigating pharmacokinetic parameters using the UPLC-QQQ-MS. RESULTS Ninety and forty-five compounds were identified by UPLC-MS and GC-MS, respectively. Based on the network pharmacology, nine compounds with a degree value above 15 were screened and implied that these compounds are the most active in DR treatment. Moreover, criteria of degree value greater than 7 were applied, and PTGS2, NOS2, AKT1, ESR1, TNF, and MAPK14 were inferred as the core targets in treating DR. After identification of components absorbed into blood, luteolin and formononetin were selected and used to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of TWMM after its oral administration. CONCLUSIONS The reported strategy provides a method that combines ingredient profiling, network pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics to determine luteolin and formononetin as the pharmacokinetic markers of TWMM. This strategy provides a clinically relevant methodology that allows for the screening of pharmacokinetic markers in Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Erwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- CONTACT Erwei Liu
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Xiaopeng Chen No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin301617, China
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Liu B, Lian H. Integrative Analysis to Uncover the Molecular Mechanisms of Caesalpinia sappan L. for Anti-Cancer Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211039922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Caesalpinia Sappan L. is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history. Recent studies have confirmed that Sappan has an antitumor effect, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. Methods: In this study, we used network pharmacology to predict the target and signal pathway of Sappan. In addition, the Cancer Genome Atlas and cancer cell lines encyclopedia large-scale genomic databases were used to analyze the relationship between different subtypes of Akt. Based on molecular docking technology, the interaction mode between small molecule compounds and protein targets was explored. Finally, we studied the effect of Sappan on Akt protein expression by Western blot in vitro. Results: AKT1 and AKT2 were significantly expressed in breast cancer cells, but they were significantly different from AKT3. Finally, molecular docking analysis showed that (3R,5R)-1,3,4,5-tetrakis(((E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)oxy)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid had a very ideal binding mode with Akt. Subsequent experiments showed that Sappan extract could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and down regulate the phosphorylation level of Akt protein thr308 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: This study provides new ideas for Sappan's anticancer research through the strategy of system pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Chifeng Tumor Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Hao Lian
- Chifeng Tumor Hospital, Chifeng, China
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Chen X, Wang X, Ma L, Fang S, Li J, Boadi EO, He J, Gao XM, Wang Y, Chang YX. The network pharmacology integrated with pharmacokinetics to clarify the pharmacological mechanism of absorbed components from Viticis fructus extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114336. [PMID: 34139282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Viticis fructus (VF) has been widely used in alleviating the swelling and pain, owning to its pharmacologically active components including agnuside, 10-O-vanilloylaucubin, luteolin and casticin. AIM OF THE STUDY The pharmacokinetic profiles of the absorbed components from aqueous and ethanolic extracts of VF in rat plasma were performed, and explored the molecular mechanisms of absorbed components via network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed to identify the absorbed components from rat plasma. Liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate was used to purify the plasma samples. Plasma pharmacokinetics parameters of the components absorbed were analyzed after oral administration of both extracts. Network pharmacology was used to predict the biological functions and potential signaling pathways of VF. The anti-cancer effects of VF extract and absorbed components have been confirmed by in vitro experiments. RESULTS The method was very sensitive with lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1.0, 2.5, 0.2 and 0.5 ng/mL for agnuside, 10-O-vanilloylaucubin, luteolin and casticin, respectively. With the exception of 10-O-vanilloylaucubin which was not detected in the ethanolic extract of VF, all other components were detected in both extracts in plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the four components from rat plasma were significantly different between the two extracts. According to the results of network pharmacology, the absorption components of VF are enriched in 32 key pathways, and 15 pathways are related to cancer. Ultimately, the anti-cancer effects, as well as the signaling pathways of VF ethanolic extract and absorbed components were verified by in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION The optimized, sensitive and validated UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied for the plasma pharmacokinetics comparison analysis of the two VF extracts. The combination of network pharmacology and pharmacokinetics provides a useful method to elucidate the biological effects and molecular mechanism of the absorbed components of VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Evans Owusu Boadi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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De Biase D, Biondi-Zoccai G, Versaci F, Frati G. Management of Chronic Stable Angina: Modern Microbiomedical Research Provides Insights Into Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatments. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:421-423. [PMID: 33394825 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Biase
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- Unità Operativa Complessa di UTIC, Emodinamica e Cardiologia, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy; and
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
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Zhang FX, Li ZT, Yang X, Xie ZN, Chen MH, Yao ZH, Chen JX, Yao XS, Dai Y. Discovery of anti-flu substances and mechanism of Shuang-Huang-Lian water extract based on serum pharmaco-chemistry and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113660. [PMID: 33276058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shuang-Huang-Lian preparation has captured wide attention since its clinical applications for the successful treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. However, its functional basis under actual therapeutic dose in vivo was still unrevealed. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to reveal the anti-flu substances and mechanism of Shuang-Huang-Lian water extract (SHL) on H1N1 infected mouse model by a strategy based on serum pharmaco-chemistry under actual therapeutic dose and network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS H1N1 infected mouse model was employed for evaluation of the anti-flu effects of SHL. A simultaneous quantification method was developed by UPLC-TQ-XS MS coupled switch-ions mode and applied to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the multiple components of SHL under actual therapeutic dose. The potential active ingredients were screened out based on their pharmacokinetic parameters. And then, a compound mixture of these active candidates was re-evaluated for the anti-flu activity on H1N1 infected mouse model. Furthermore, the anti-flu mechanism of SHL was also predicted by network pharmacology coupled with the experimental result. RESULTS SHL significantly increased the survival rate and prolonged survival days on H1N1 infected mice at a dosage of 20 g crude drug/kg/day by reversing the increased lung index, down-regulating the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and inhibiting the release of IFN-β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). Concomitantly, the pharmacokinetic parameters of fourteen quantified and twenty-one semi-quantified constituents of SHL were characterized. And then, five compounds (baicalin, sweroside, chlorogenic acid, forsythoside A and phillyrin), which displayed satisfactory pharmacokinetic features, were considered as potential active ingredients. Thus, a mixture of these five ingredients was administered to H1N1-infected mice at a dose of 4.24 mg/kg/day. As a result, the therapeutical effects of the mixture were similar to SHL in terms of survival rate, lung index and the release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in BALF. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis indicated that the TNF-signal pathways might play a role in the anti-flu mechanism of SHL. CONCLUSIONS A mixture of five compounds (baicalin, sweroside, chlorogenic acid, forsythoside A and phillyrin) were the anti-flu substances of SHL. The strategy based on serum pharmaco-chemistry under actual therapeutic dose provided a new sight on exploring in vivo effective substances of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xiang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zi-Ting Li
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhi-Neng Xie
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Ming-Hao Chen
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Yao
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Jian-Xin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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Effect of DLT-SML on Chronic Stable Angina Through Ameliorating Inflammation, Correcting Dyslipidemia, and Regulating Gut Microbiota. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:458-469. [PMID: 33657052 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic stable angina (CSA) is caused by coronary atherosclerosis. The gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are associated with atherosclerosis. Danlou tablet (DLT) combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza ligustrazine (SML) injection has been used to treat CSA. This study aims to investigate how DLT combined with SML (DLT-SML) regulates serum lipids, inflammatory cytokines, GM community, and microbial metabolite in patients with CSA. In this study, 30 patients with CSA were enrolled in the DLT-SML group, and 10 healthy volunteers were included in the healthy control group. The patients in the DLT-SML group were subdivided as the normal total cholesterol (TC) group and high-TC group according to their serum TC level before treatment. Blood samples were collected to investigate the (1) lipid content, including triglyceride (TG), TC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (2) fasting blood glucose (Glu), (3) inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and (4) gut-derived metabolite, including lipopolysaccharides and TMAO level. GM composition was analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA of fecal samples. Results showed that DLT-SML significantly decreased serum TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TMAO levels of patients with CSA. DLT-SML increased the abundance of Firmicutes and decreased Proteobacteria, which were significantly lower or higher in patients with CSA, respectively, compared with the healthy control group. In particular, DLT-SML increased the microbial diversity and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of patients with high-TC. The abundance of Sarcina, Anaerostipes, Streptococcus, Weissella, and Erysipelatoclostridium was decreased, whereas Romboutsia, Faecalibacterium, and Subdoligranulum were increased by DLT-SML treatment in patients with CSA. These findings indicated that DLT-SML improved patients with CSA by ameliorating dyslipidemia profile, decreasing the circulating inflammatory cytokines, and regulating the GM composition and their metabolites.
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Liu X, Zhu D, Dang J, Xue Y, Fan H. Investigating the protective effect of tanshinone IIA against chondrocyte dedifferentiation: a combined molecular biology and network pharmacology approach. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:249. [PMID: 33708876 PMCID: PMC7940936 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease with multifactorial etiology. The dedifferentiation of chondrocytes can accelerate the progress of OA. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) has been widely used to treat OA for many years and has proved to be effective in inhibiting chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Until now, the precise mechanism of TIIA’s effect against dedifferentiation has not been well understood. Methods The targets of TIIA were explored from public databases using various methods. The related targets of OA were obtained from the GeneCards database and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The potential targets and signaling pathways were determined using protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Cell viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity were analyzed in vitro. The effects of TIIA on chondrocyte dedifferentiation were evaluated by assessing morphological changes, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of cartilage-related genes. After 48 hours of culture in medium with 100 μg/mL TIIA, chondrocytes/hydrogel spheres were implanted to repair cartilage defects in a rat model. The harvested specimens were examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry to evaluate cartilage regeneration. Results The results showed that there were 28 genes potentially interacting in the TIIA-chondrocyte dedifferentiation network, and nine hub genes were identified. In vitro experiments showed an inhibitory effect of TIIA on chondrocyte dedifferentiation. The proliferation and viability of chondrocytes were promoted by TIIA at a concentration of 100–200 μg/mL, but inhibited by TIIA at 400 μg/mL. Furthermore, the histology results showed that chondrocyte/hydrogel spheres pre-treated with TIIA had better cartilage repair. Conclusions This study revealed a systematic network pharmacology approach and provided a basis for the future study of TIIA as an effective treatment for cartilage regeneration. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo results confirmed the protective effects of TIIA against chondrocyte dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liguo Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongze Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Dang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingsen Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Pharmacological Network Reveals the Active Mechanism of Qi-Replenishing, Spleen-Strengthening, Phlegm-Dispelling, and Blood-Nourishing Fufang on Coronary Heart Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2020:1062325. [PMID: 33456482 PMCID: PMC7785359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1062325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential targets and pathways of qi-replenishing, spleen-strengthening, phlegm-dispelling, and blood-nourishing Fufang in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). The composition of Fufang was identified, followed by screening of the active components using ADME. The targets of active components were predicted and screened based on the TCMSP and BATMAN databases and were cross-validated using the CTD database and DisGeNET. A functional enrichment analysis was performed using the ClueGO + CluePedia plugins and clusterProfiler in the R package. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape. Finally, a pharmacological network was constructed. A total of 27 overlapping targets were obtained after cross-validation. ALB, IL-6, and TNF were the hub genes in the PPI network. The pharmacological network included 59 nodes and 189 relation pairs. Among the 59 nodes, there were 2 herbal medicine nodes (Salvia miltiorrhiza and Astragalus mongholicus), 8 chemical component nodes (magnesium lithospermate B, neocryptotanshinone II, heteratisine, daphneolone, tanshinone IIA, tanshinone IIB, soyasapogenol B, and astragaloside II), 27 target protein nodes (such as ALB, TNF, IL-6, NFKB1, APOA1, APOA2, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2), and 22 pathway nodes (such as the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway). Therefore, we found that the genes TNF, IL-6, NFKB1, ALB, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, APOA1, and APOA2 might be important targets of the key active compounds neocryptotanshinone II and astragaloside II. These genes targeted by the key active compounds might regulate inflammation-related pathways and the level of albumin and cholesterol in CHD.
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Zhang Y, Luo F, Zhang H, He W, Liu T, Wu Y, Zhang L, Shi G. Cryptotanshinone ameliorates cardiac injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with coronary microembolization. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:581-588. [PMID: 33340142 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microembolization (CME) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease, especially nowadays when percutaneous coronary intervention is widely applied. However, neither cardio-protective agents nor devices for distal protection could effectively prevent the occurrence of CME. Therefore, we aimed to develop a new drug for CME. Rats were orally administrated with different doses of Cryptotanshinone (CTS, 5, 15, 45 mg/kg) daily for 2 weeks, respectively, following CME surgery. Then cardiac function and cardiac injury were evaluated in CME rats as well as measuring oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Compared to sham group, CME operation induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac injury, the activation of platelet and endothelium, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress, all of which could be dose-dependently restored by CTS pretreatment. Moreover, NF-κB signaling pathway participated in the development of CME and also in the preventive process of CTS against CME. CTS might serve as a potential and promising candidate drug to prevent the occurrence of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
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Biradar P, Patil V, Joshi H, Khanal P, Mallapur S. Experimental validation and network pharmacology evaluation to decipher the mechanism of action of Erythrina variegata L. bark against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Xie B, Lu H, Xu J, Luo H, Hu Y, Chen Y, Geng Q, Song X. Targets of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A network pharmacology study. Joint Bone Spine 2020; 88:105099. [PMID: 33160044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate the multi-targets mechanism of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The predicted targets of HCQ and the proteins related to RA were returned from databases. Followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the intersection of the two group of proteins was studied. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) and KyotoEncyclopediaofGenesandGenomes (KEGG) enrichment was used to analyse these proteins in a macro perspective. Finally, the candidate targets were checked by molecular docking. RESULTS The results suggested that HCQ in the treatment of RA was mainly associated with 4 targets that are smoothened homolog (SMO), sphingosine kinase (SPHK) 1, SPHK2 and gatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), with their related 3276 proteins' network which regulate ErbB, HIF-1, NF-κB, FoxO, chemokines, MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathways and so forth. Biological process were mainly focused in the regulation of cell activation, myeloid leukocyte activation, regulated exocytosis and so forth. Molecular docking analysis showed that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking were the main forms of chemical force. CONCLUSIONS Our research provides protein targets affected by HCQ in the treatment of RA. SMO, SPHK1, SPHK2 and FAAH involving 3276 proteins become the multi-targets mechanism of HCQ in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Zhejiang Chinese medical university, The Third People's hospital of Hangzhou, West Lake road 38, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Zhejiang Chinese medical university, The Third People's hospital of Hangzhou, West Lake road 38, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese medical university, The Third People's hospital of Hangzhou, West Lake road 38, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Luo
- Zhejiang Chinese medical university, The Third People's hospital of Hangzhou, West Lake road 38, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yebei Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese medical university, The Third People's hospital of Hangzhou, West Lake road 38, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese medical university, The Third People's hospital of Hangzhou, West Lake road 38, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Geng
- Zhejiang Chinese medical university, The Third People's hospital of Hangzhou, West Lake road 38, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Zhejiang Chinese medical university, The Third People's hospital of Hangzhou, West Lake road 38, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Ren W, Luo Z, Pan F, Liu J, Sun Q, Luo G, Wang R, Zhao H, Bian B, Xiao X, Pu Q, Yang S, Yu G. Integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches to reveal the synergistic mechanism of multiple components in Venenum Bufonis for ameliorating heart failure. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10107. [PMID: 33194384 PMCID: PMC7605218 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Venenum Bufonis (VB), also called Chan Su in China, has been extensively used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating heart failure (HF) since ancient time. However, the active components and the potential anti-HF mechanism of VB remain unclear. In the current study, the major absorbed components and metabolites of VB after oral administration in rats were first collected from literatures. A total of 17 prototypes and 25 metabolites were gathered. Next, a feasible network-based pharmacological approach was developed and employed to explore the therapeutic mechanism of VB on HF based on the collected constituents. In total, 158 main targets were screened out and considered as effective players in ameliorating HF. Then, the VB components-main HF putative targets-main pathways network was established, clarifying the underlying biological process of VB on HF. More importantly, the main hubs were found to be highly enriched in adrenergic signalling in cardio-myocytes. After verified by molecular docking studies, four key targets (ATP1A1, GNAS, MAPK1 and PRKCA) and three potential active leading compounds (bufotalin, cinobufaginol and 19-oxo-bufalin) were identified, which may play critical roles in cardiac muscle contraction. This study demonstrated that the integrated strategy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking was helpful to uncover the synergistic mechanism of multiple constituents in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fulu Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qin Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gang Luo
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Raoqiong Wang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingrong Pu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wu B, Wang G, Xin L, Li Q, Lu X, Su Y, Huang P. Network pharmacology-based therapeutic mechanism of Kuanxiong aerosol for angina pectoris. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113079. [PMID: 32526337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kuanxiong aerosol has been reported to be an effective and safe clinical treatment for angina pectoris (AP). AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the potential pharmacological mechanism of Kuanxiong aerosol by combined methods of network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Networks of Kuanxiong aerosol-associated targets and AP-related genes were constructed through STRING database. Potential targets and pathway enrichment analysis related to the therapeutic efficacy of Kuanxiong aerosol were identified using Cytoscape and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). To explore the mechanism of action of Kuanxiong aerosol, its in vitro effects on myocardial hypoxia, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative injury, and its in vivo pharmacological effects on myocardial ischemia and cardiac fibrosis were studied in rat models. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the potential targets mainly include the Fas ligand (FASLG), interleukin 4 (IL4), and catalase (CAT), which mediated the processes of apoptosis, and cellular responses to hypoxia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mechanical stimulus. Multiple pathways, such as the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathways were found to be closely related to the pharmacological protective mechanism of Kuanxiong aerosol against AP. In addition, Kuanxiong aerosol suppressed the hypoxia, LPS, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injuries of H9c2 cardiomyocytes through the regulation of HIF1A, suppressed expression of IL6 and TNF, and antioxidant property. In the rat model of myocardial ischemia, Kuanxiong aerosol was found to lower the creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, without altering the hemodynamic function. Kuanxiong aerosol was capable of attenuating cardiac fibrosis and improving cardiac function in a cardiac fibrosis rat model. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the pharmacological mechanisms of Kuanxiong aerosol for AP therapy were related to anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation via a non-hemodynamic manner, indicating that Kuanxiong aerosol is a preferable drug clinically for AP treatment due to its both preventive and protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Wu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qunying Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Hangzhou Supor South Ocean Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311225, China
| | - Yan Su
- Hangzhou Supor South Ocean Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311225, China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Xie B, Geng Q, Xu J, Lu H, Luo H, Hu Y, Song X. The multi-targets mechanism of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus based on network pharmacology. Lupus 2020; 29:1704-1711. [PMID: 32854577 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320952541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Network pharmacology is used with bioinformatic tools to broaden the understanding of drugs' potential targets and the intersections with key genes of particular disease. Here we applied network pharmacology to collect testable hypotheses about the multi-targets mechanism of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) against systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Firstly, we predicted the potential targets of HCQ. Secondly, we got the related genes of SLE returned from databases. Thirdly, the intersections of the potential targets (HCQ) and related genes (SLE) were analyzed with gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Finally, we validated our predictions of the potential targets by performing docking studies with HCQ. RESULTS The results suggest that the efficacy of HCQ against SLE is mainly associated with the targets of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and CDK1, which regulate PI3K/Akt/GSK3β as well as interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Biological process of the network associated with the three targets is concentrated in the inhibition of immune response, negative regulation of gene expression and regulation of immune system process. Molecular docking analysis proves that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking are the main forms of interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our research provides protein targets affected by HCQ in the treatment of SLE. Three key targets (CDK2, ESR1 and CDK1) involving 1766 proteins become the multi-targets mechanism of HCQ in the treatment of SLE. As well, the research also provides a new idea for introducing network pharmacology into the evaluation of the drugs with multi-targets in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yebei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Wang B, Yuan G, Liu X, Huang J, Xiong L, Zhang D, Feng W, Guo R. Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Active Components from Bushen Pills and Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8882892. [PMID: 32765924 PMCID: PMC7387953 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8882892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bushen Pills (BSPs), as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used in clinic to enrich Yang, nourish Yin, stem essence, and strengthen kidneys. Two chromatographic methods, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), were applied to analyze the multiple active components of BSPs in dosage form for quality evaluation and in rat plasma for pharmacokinetics study, respectively. Three active constituents of BSPs, including paeoniflorin (PF), berberine hydrochloride (BBR), and schizandrin (SCH), were simultaneously determined by the established LC-MS method with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode at m/z 503.1, 336.0, and 455.2. The contents of PF, BBR, and SCH were (6.112 ± 0.166) mg/g, (335.1 ± 14.95) μg/g, and (5.867 ± 0.136) μg/g in BSPs. On this basis, PF and BBR were selected as targeted analytes for the pharmacokinetic study of BSPs in rats. Memantine hydrochloride was used as an internal standard (IS), and the plasma samples were processed by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. All the analytes were separated on a C18 reversed phase column, eluted with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-formic acid (0.01%) (25 : 75, v/v), and detected by ESI in the selected ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The target fragment ions were m/z 525.3 ⟶ 449.5 for PF, 336.2 ⟶ 320.2 for BBR, and 180.1 ⟶ 163.1 for IS. The linear ranges of PF and BBR were 5-500 ng/mL and 0.1-20 ng/mL with good linearity (r 2 > 0.99). No obvious matrix effect was observed, and acceptable accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability were obtained. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of BSPs in rats after a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guiyan Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Central Hospita, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Lilong Xiong
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruichen Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Fuling-Guizhi Herb Pair in Coronary Heart Disease: Integrating Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Pharmacological Evaluation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1489036. [PMID: 32508942 PMCID: PMC7251461 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1489036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Fuling (Poria cocos)-Guizhi (Cinnamomi ramulus) herb pair (FGHP) is a commonly used traditional Chinese herbal formula with coronary heart disease (CHD) treatment potential. However, the mechanism of FGHP in the treatment of CHD was still unclear. In this study, the action targets and underlying mechanism of FGHP against CHD were successfully achieved by combined network pharmacology prediction with experimental verification. 76 common targets were screened out by overlapping the chemical-protein data of FGHP and CHD-related targets. Then, two key targets were further selected for verification by using western blot analysis after analyzing PPI, GO function, and KEGG pathway. Results indicated FGHP could alleviate CHD syndromes and regulate inflammatory responses in acute myocardial ischemia rats, and the reduction of expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in myocardial tissue would be one of its possible underlying mechanisms. Our work demonstrated that network pharmacology combined with experimental verification provides a credible method to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of FGHP against CHD.
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Feng R, Li L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Feng X, Zhang L, Zhang G. Assessment of a developed HPLC-MS/MS approach for determining plasma eupatorin in rats and its application in pharmacokinetics analysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32020-32026. [PMID: 35518153 PMCID: PMC9056642 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eupatorin, a bioactive compound extracted from Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), possesses potent anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and vasodilation activities. To date, no pharmacokinetics studies on eupatorin have yet been performed. Here, we established and validated a sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) approach for determining plasma eupatorin in rats. Chromatographic fractionation was conducted on a Wonda Cract ODS-2 C18 Column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase containing aqueous 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile using a flow rate of 0.8 ml min−1. In multiple reaction monitoring mode, precursor-to-product ion transitions for quantification of eupatorin and the internal standard were set at 343.1 → 328.1 and 252.0 → 155.9, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were found to be below 6.72% and within ±8.26% in rat plasma, respectively. Meanwhile, all values of the matrix effect, recovery and stability were within the accepted ranges. Furthermore, we carried out the pharmacokinetic analysis using the developed method. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that while the Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) of eupatorin and time for reaching the Cmax (Tmax) were 974.886 ± 293.898 μg L−1 and 0.25 h, respectively, the half-life was 0.353 ± 0.026 h. This study will be of great significance to the research on the pharmacology, clinical pharmacy and drug action mechanism of eupatorin. Eupatorin, a bioactive compound extracted from Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), possesses potent anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and vasodilation activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050011
- P. R. China
| | - Luya Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P. R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- P. R. China
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Li L, Feng R, Feng X, Chen Y, Liu X, Sun W, Zhang L. The development and validation of an HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of eriocitrin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10552-10558. [PMID: 35492908 PMCID: PMC9050387 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10925k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eriocitrin is one of the major active constituents of lemon fruit, and it possesses strong antioxidant, lipid-lowering, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities and has long been used in food, beverages and wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luya Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P.R. China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050011
- P.R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P.R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P.R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P.R. China
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Xinqiang S, Yu Z, Ningning Y, Erqin D, Lei W, Hongtao D. Molecular mechanism of celastrol in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Life Sci 2019; 240:117063. [PMID: 31734262 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Network pharmacology uses bioinformatics to broaden our understanding of drug actions and thereby advance drug discovery. Here we apply network pharmacology to generate testable hypotheses about the multi-target mechanism of celastrol against systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We reconstructed drug-target pathways and networks to predict the likely protein targets of celastrol and the main interactions between those targets and the drug. Then we validated our predictions of candidate targets by performing docking studies with celastrol. RESULTS The results suggest that celastrol acts against SLE by regulating the function of several signaling proteins, such as interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor, and matrix metalloprotein 9, which regulate signaling pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and tumor necrosis factor as well as apoptosis pathways. Celastrol is predicted to affect networks involved mainly in cytokine activity, cytokine receptor binding, receptor ligand activity, receptor regulator activity, and cofactor binding. Molecular docking analysis showed that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking were the main forms of interaction. CONCLUSIONS This network pharmacology strategy may be useful for discovery of multi-target drugs against complex diseases, specifically, it provides protein targets associated with SLE that may be further tested for therapeutic potential by celastrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xinqiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China; Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, China, 464000.
| | - Zhang Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yang Ningning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Dai Erqin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Wang Lei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Du Hongtao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
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