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Luo K, Zhao H, Wang M, Tian M, Si N, Xia W, Song J, Chen Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wei X, Li X, Qin G, Yang J, Wang H, Bian B, Zhou Y. Huanglian Jiedu Wan intervened with "Shi-Re Shanghuo" syndrome through regulating immune balance mediated by biomarker succinate. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109861. [PMID: 38065370 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
With increasing stress in daily life and work, subhealth conditions induced by "Shi-Re Shanghuo" syndrome was gradually universal. "Huanglian Jiedu Wan" (HLJDW) was the first new syndrome Chinese medicine approved for the treatment of "Shi-Re Shanghuo" with promising clinical efficacy. Preliminary small-sample clinical studies have identified some notable biomarkers (succinate, 4-hydroxynonenal, etc.). However, the correlation and underlying mechanism between these biomarkers of HLJDW intervention on "Shi-Re Shanghuo" syndrome remained ambiguous. Therefore, this study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical trial, employing integrated analysis techniques such as non-targeted and targeted metabolomics, salivary microbiota, proteomics, parallel peaction monitoring, molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The results of the correlation analysis indicated that HLJDW could mediate the balance between inflammation and immunity through succinate produced via host and microbial source to intervene "Shi-Re Shanghuo" syndrome. Further through the HIF1α/MMP9 pathway, succinate regulated downstream arachidonic acid metabolism, particularly the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal. Finally, an animal model of recurrent oral ulcers induced by "Shi-Re Shang Huo" was established and HLJDW was used for intervention, key essential indicators (succinate, glutamine, 4-hydroxynonenal, arachidonic acid metabolism) essential in the potential pathway HIF1α/MMP9 discovered in clinical practice were validated. The results were found to be consistent with our clinical findings. Taken together, succinate was observed as an important signal that triggered immune responses, which might serve as a key regulatory metabolic switch or marker of "Shi-Re Shanghuo" syndrome treated with HLJDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mengxiao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mengyao Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wen Xia
- Guizhou Bailing Group Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Anshun 561000, China
| | - Jianfang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yunqin Chen
- Guizhou Bailing Group Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Anshun 561000, China
| | - Linna Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guizhou Bailing Group Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Anshun 561000, China
| | - Guangyuan Qin
- Guizhou Bailing Group Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Anshun 561000, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Luo M, Guan JT, Yu X, Ding Y, Mei XX, Pan X, Fan YS, Xu ZH. Metabolic profiles in plasma of patients with herpes labialis based on GC-MS. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3152-3158. [PMID: 37231973 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the plasma metabolic profiles of patients with herpes labialis with healthy controls and identify the biomarkers of herpes labialis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We collected 18 patients with herpes labialis and 20 healthy individuals. Plasma samples from both groups were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS According to the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), we found that metabolic profiles had changed in patients with herpes labialis compared to the controls. By further selecting the different metabolites according to the variable importance in the projection (VIP) and p valve of t-tests, we found that acetic acid, pyroglutamic acid, alanine, ethanedioic acid, cyclohexaneacetic acid, pyruvic acid, d-mannose, phosphoric acid, l-amphetamine, and citric acid were decreased in patients with herpes labialis, while sedoheptulose and ethylamine were increased. Pathway analysis showed that herpes labialis may affect the amino acid and energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may contribute to elucidating the metabolic basis of herpes labialis and provide a new perspective for further research on the "Shang-Huo" state in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxian Luo
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Tao Guan
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Yu
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Ding
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Xian Mei
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Fan
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Xu
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Shen W, Jiang N, Zhou W. What can traditional Chinese medicine do for adult neurogenesis? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158228. [PMID: 37123359 PMCID: PMC10130459 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis plays a crucial role in cognitive function and mood regulation, while aberrant adult neurogenesis contributes to various neurological and psychiatric diseases. With a better understanding of the significance of adult neurogenesis, the demand for improving adult neurogenesis is increasing. More and more research has shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including TCM prescriptions (TCMPs), Chinese herbal medicine, and bioactive components, has unique advantages in treating neurological and psychiatric diseases by regulating adult neurogenesis at various stages, including proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. In this review, we summarize the progress of TCM in improving adult neurogenesis and the key possible mechanisms by which TCM may benefit it. Finally, we suggest the possible strategies of TCM to improve adult neurogenesis in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Jiang, ; Wenxia Zhou,
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Jiang, ; Wenxia Zhou,
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Xu L, Li Y, Ji J, Lai Y, Chen J, Ding T, Li H, Ding B, Ge W. The anti-inflammatory effects of Hedyotis diffusa Willd on SLE with STAT3 as a key target. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115597. [PMID: 35940466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hedyotis diffusa Willd, also named Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R.J. Wang, is one medical herb, which has been traditionally used by the She nationality in China. And H. diffusa represents a beneficial effect on Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment in clinic. AIM OF THE STUDY The underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of H. diffusa on SLE remain unclear. In this study, we treated MRL/lpr mice with H. diffusa water extract (HDW) to assess its therapeutic effects and verified its regulating signalling pathway through cytological experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, the constituents of HDW were analysed through ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and SCIEX OS software. The protective activity and underlying mechanisms were studied in a MRL/lpr lupus mouse model. The blood cells, autoantibodies, metabolites and the cytokines in serum were identified with a hematology analyzer, specific ELISA kit, GC/MS system and cytometric assays. The histological and immunohistochemical analysis were engaged in the morphologic, and the expression and translocation of the crucial protein observation. The dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to identifying the regulative activity of HDW. The transcription and translation expression of the protein was studied by real-time PCR and Western blot assays. The network pharmacology analysis was employed to predict the IL-6/STAT3 pathway regulators and the screen the STAT3 inhibitors in HDW. RESULTS The results revealed the capability of HDW to attenuate the production of autoantibodies, secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ), and suppressed the IgG and C3 deposition, the development of glomerular lesions in MRL/lpr mice. Serum metabolomics study showed the improvement in serum metabolites, especially aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, by HDW. IL-6 was clarified to be highly associated with the significantly changed metabolites in network analysis. We further demonstrated the effects of HDW on the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that HDW exerts a therapeutic effect in SLE model mice by suppressing the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Jinjun Ji
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Yahui Lai
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Tao Ding
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Haichang Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Bin Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Weihong Ge
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Xia ZD, Sun B, Wen JF, Ma RX, Wang FY, Wang YQ, Li ZH, Jia P, Zheng XH. Research progress on metabolomics in the quality evaluation and clinical study of Panax ginseng. Biomed Chromatogr 2022:e5546. [PMID: 36342761 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng, an essential component of traditional medicine and often referred to as the king of herbs, has played a pivotal role in medicine globally for several millennia. Previously, traditional phytochemical methods were mainly used for quality evaluation and pharmacological mechanism studies of ginseng, resulting in the lack of systematicness and innovation and hindering the development and utilization of ginseng resources. Since the beginning of the new century, systems biology technology represented by metabolomics has shown unique advantages in the modernization and internationalization of herbal medicine, establishing a bridge for communication between traditional medicine and modern medicine. P. ginseng, a special herb used in medicine and food, is one of the main research objects for qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolomics and has gradually become the focus of researchers globally. Here, we conducted a comprehensive summary and analysis of numerous studies published in ginseng metabolomics. This review aims to provide more novel ideas for the quality evaluation, development, and clinical application of ginseng in the future and offer more useful technical references for the modernization and internationalization of herbal medicine based on metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-di Xia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruo-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Deng W, Liu H, Guo L, Liu Y, Ma Z. Panax ginseng
abuse exhibits a pro‐inflammatory effect by activating the
NF‐κB
pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:2130-2140. [PMID: 37181298 PMCID: PMC10171492 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
P. ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a well-known traditional medicine that has been used for thousands of years to treat diseases. However, "ginseng abuse syndrome" (GAS) often occurs due to an inappropriate use such as high-dose or long-term usage of ginseng; information about what causes GAS and how GAS occurs is still lacking. In this study, the critical components that potentially caused GAS were screened through a step-by-step separation strategy, the pro-inflammatory effects of different extracts on messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein expression levels were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot, respectively. It was found that high-molecular water-soluble substances (HWSS) significantly increased the expression of cytokines (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein; gel filtration chromatography fraction 1 (GFC-F1) further purified from HWSS showed prominent pro-inflammatory effects by increasing the transcription of cytokines (COX-2, iNOS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) as well as the expression of COX-2 and iNOS protein. Moreover, GFC-F1 activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) (p65 and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B alpha (IκB-α)) and the p38/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways. On the other hand, the inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)) reduced GFC-F1-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, while the inhibitors of the MAPK pathways did not. Taken together, GFC-F1 is the potential composition that caused GAS through the production of inflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-кB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Hangxiu Liu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
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Luo K, Zhao H, Bian B, Wei X, Si N, Brantner A, Fan X, Gu X, Zhou Y, Wang H. Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in the Treatment of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome "Shanghuo"-An Intervention Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:616318. [PMID: 33995016 PMCID: PMC8120301 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.616318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
“Shanghuo” (“excessive internal heat”) is caused by exuberant endogenous fire, which does not have a comprehensive and systematic traditional Chinese medicine theory. In previous study, we had evaluated the therapeutic effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) (granule) on patients with “Shanghuo”, however, the specific mechanism was not clear, which need further exploration. To explain its intervention mechanism, we select 57 patients with oral diseases caused by “Shanghuo” and 20 health volunteers to divide into oral disease group, HLJDD intervention group and healthy control group. Firstly, biochemical indicators before and after HLJDD intervention are detected, such as inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors and energy metabolism factors. The results exhibit that HLJDD significantly decreases indicators succinic acid (p < 0.001); tumor necrosis factor-alpha, adenosine triphosphate, citric acid (p < 0.01); interleukin-8 (IL-8), 4-hydroxynonenal, pyruvic acid, lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05). The levels of glucocorticoid, adrenocorticotropic hormone (p < 0.01); lactic acid, IL-4, IL-10 (p < 0.05) significantly increase after HLJDD intervention. In addition, we adopt multi-omics analysis approach to investigate the potential biomarkers. Nontargeted metabolomics demonstrate that the levels of 7 differential metabolites approach that in the healthy control group after HLJDD intervention, which are correlated with histidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism through metabolic pathway analysis. Targeted lipidomics results and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis show that 13 differential lipids are identified in the three groups mainly focuse on lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines. Finally, the network associations of those differential biomarkers reveal the regulation of adenosine triphosphate and tricarboxylic acid cycle play essential role in the therapeutic effect mechanism of HLJDD in “Shanghuo”. The study has laid the foundation for further revealing the mechanism and finding clinical biomarkers related to “Shanghuo”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Adelheid Brantner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Xiaorui Fan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Gu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Guo YL, Wang Y, Zhao YL, Xu XY, Zhang H, Zhao CB, Zheng MZ, Liu SY, Wu YZ, Liu JS. Chemical Comparison of White Ginseng before and after Extrusion by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:4764219. [PMID: 33083092 PMCID: PMC7563053 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4764219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Quadrupole-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) was used to compare the composition of ginsenosides in white ginseng (WG) and extruded white ginseng (EWG). A total of 45 saponins, including original neutral ginsenosides, malonyl-ginsenosides, and chemical transformation of ginsenosides, were successfully identified in both WG and EWG. Multivariate statistical analyses including supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to analyze components of white ginseng before and after extrusion. As a result, three ginsenosides (malonyl (M)-Rb1, M-Rb2, and M-Rc) were found to be increased in WG, while three ginsenosides (Rb2, Rc, and Rg1) were elevated in EWG. In the OPLS-DA S-plot, the different compositions of ginsenoside that were distinguished between WG and EWG were screened out. Experimental results indicate that the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS is a useful tool to characterize variations of ginsenosides in WG and EWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shu-Ying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing-Sheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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