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Huang L, Kim JH, You L, Park SH, Zhang J, Shin CY, Sutopo NC, Byun HW, Omaliss K, Masphal K, Son J, Kim GR, Lee BH, Kim JH, Lee J, Cho JY. Anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Connarus semidecandrus Jack ethanol extract in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117574. [PMID: 38097025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Connarus semidecandrus Jack (Family: connaraceae) is a medicinal plant known for its wide distribution throughout Southeast Asia. Renowned for its diverse therapeutic properties, it has been traditionally used for treating fever, skin irritation, and colic. AIM OF THE STUDY Numerous individuals suffer from skin issues, including wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and inflammation, due to environmental factors. Although many drugs are available to treat skin problems, chemical drugs have many shortcomings and side effects. Therefore, natural products are attractive potential medicines for alleviating skin troubles. We recently showed that Connarus semidecandrus Jack ethanol extract (Cs-EE) has anti-alopecia potential. This paper aims to explore the potential skin-protective effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of Connarus semidecandrus Jack in UVB-induced human keratinocytes (HaCaT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Before utilization, Cs-EE was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and was preserved at a temperature of -20 °C. The phytochemical constituents of Cs-EE were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). Sequentially, HaCaT cells were exposed to varying concentrations of Cs-EE prior to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Evaluations of cellular responses in HaCaT cells, including assessments of cell viability, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and gene and protein expressions, were carried out. To explore the specific signaling pathway involved, we conducted a luciferase assay in addition to validating these pathways using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular reactive oxygen species were decreased. Melanin production through the activation of melanocytes by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) was also inhibited by Cs-EE. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of key factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 exhibited a remarkable decrease. In addition, the phosphorylation of TAK1 within the signaling cascade exhibited a decline, and the activities of the transcription factor AP-1 were decreased according to a luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and anti-apoptotic effects of Cs-EE indicate the compound's potential usefulness as a natural component in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Long You
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae Yun Shin
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Hye-Woo Byun
- Biodiversity Research and Cooperation Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keo Omaliss
- Forestry Administration, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, #40 Norodom Blvd, Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, 12205, Cambodia.
| | - Kry Masphal
- Forestry Administration, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, #40 Norodom Blvd, Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, 12205, Cambodia.
| | - Jino Son
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ga Ryun Kim
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Jang WY, Kim DS, Park SH, Yoon JH, Shin CY, Huang L, Nang K, Kry M, Byun HW, Lee BH, Lee S, Lee J, Cho JY. Connarus semidecandrus Jack Exerts Anti-Alopecia Effects by Targeting 5α-Reductase Activity and an Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134086. [PMID: 35807332 PMCID: PMC9268327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand for hair loss treatments with minimal side effects and recurrence potential. Connarus semidecandrus Jack has been used as a folk medicine for fever in tropical regions, but its anti-alopecia effects remain unclear. In this study, the anti-androgenic alopecia effect of an ethanol extract of Connarus semidecandrus Jack (Cs-EE) was demonstrated in a testosterone-induced androgenic alopecia (AGA) model, in terms of the hair–skin ratio, hair type frequency, and hair thickness. The area of restored hair growth and thickened hair population after Cs-EE treatment showed the hair-growth-promoting effect of Cs-EE. Histological data support the possibility that Cs-EE could reduce hair loss and upregulate hair proliferation in mouse skin by shifting hair follicles from the catagen phase to the anagen phase. Western blotting indicated that Cs-EE reduced the expression of the androgenic receptor. Cs-EE treatment also inhibited programmed cell death by upregulating Bcl-2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. The anti-alopecia effect of Cs-EE was confirmed by in vitro experiments showing that Cs-EE had suppressive effects on 5-α reductase activity and lymph node carcinoma of the prostate proliferation, and a proliferative effect on human hair-follicle dermal papilla (HDP) cells. Apoptotic pathways in HDP cells were downregulated by Cs-EE treatment. Thus, Cs-EE could be a potential treatment for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Young Jang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dong Seon Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Chae Yun Shin
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Ket Nang
- Forestry Administration, Phnom Penh 120206, Cambodia; (K.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Masphal Kry
- Forestry Administration, Phnom Penh 120206, Cambodia; (K.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Hye-Woo Byun
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (H.-W.B.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (H.-W.B.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (H.-W.B.); (B.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.); +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.); +82-10-8602-7827 (S.L.)
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (D.S.K.)
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.); +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.); +82-10-8602-7827 (S.L.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (D.S.K.)
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.); +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.); +82-10-8602-7827 (S.L.)
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Toxic Potential of Cerrado Plants on Different Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073413. [PMID: 35408775 PMCID: PMC8998518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerrado has many compounds that have been used as biopesticides, herbicides, medicines, and others due to their highly toxic potential. Thus, this review aims to present information about the toxicity of Cerrado plants. For this purpose, a review was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web Of Science databases. After applying exclusion criteria, 187 articles published in the last 20 years were selected and analyzed. Detailed information about the extract preparation, part of the plant used, dose/concentration tested, model system, and employed assay was provided for different toxic activities described in the literature, namely cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, antiparasitic, and molluscicidal activities. In addition, the steps to execute research on plant toxicity and the more common methods employed were discussed. This review synthesized and organized the available research on the toxic effects of Cerrado plants, which could contribute to the future design of new environmentally safe products.
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Maleu TC, Talla RM, Kamdem MHK, Alfred Ngenge T, Kucukaydin S, Mmutlane EM, Ndinteh DT, Djama Mbazoa C, Wandji J. Chemical constituents from fruits of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex. DC (Connaraceae) and evaluation of their anticholinesterase and antiradical activities. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:5950-5958. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2048299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Christelle Maleu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rostan Mangoua Talla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michael Hermann Kengne Kamdem
- Drug discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Natural Product Research (CNPR), Chemical Sciences Department, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg-Kingsway Campus, South Africa
| | - Tamfu Alfred Ngenge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kucukaydin
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Edwin Mpho Mmutlane
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg-Kingsway Campus, South Africa
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Drug discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Natural Product Research (CNPR), Chemical Sciences Department, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Celine Djama Mbazoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Wandji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Nunes Alves Paim LF, Dos Santos PR, Patrocinio Toledo CA, Minello L, Lima da Paz JR, Castro Souza V, Salvador M, Moura S. Four almost unexplored species of Brazilian Connarus (Connaraceae): Chemical composition by ESI-QTof-MS/MS-GNPS and a pharmacologic potential. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:286-302. [PMID: 34510611 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Species of Connaraceae are globally used in traditional medicines. However, several of these have not been studied regarding their chemical composition, and some are even at risk of extinction without proper studies. Therefore, the chemical composition and pharmacological potential of Connarus blanchetii Planch., Connarus nodosus Baker, Connarus regnellii G. Schellenb., and Connarus suberosus Planch., which were previously unknown, were analyzed. OBJECTIVE This work aims to investigate the pharmacological potential of these four Connarus species. The chemical composition of different extracts was determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), with subsequent analysis by the GNPS platform and competitive fragmentation modeling (CFM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf extracts (C. blanchetii, C. nodosus, C. regnellii, and C. suberosus) and bark extracts (C. regnellii and C. suberosus) were obtained by decoction, infusion, and maceration. LC/HRMS data were submitted to the GNPS platform and evaluated using CFM in order to confirm the structures. RESULTS The HRMS-GNPS/CFM analysis indicated the presence of 23 compounds that were mainly identified as phenolic derivatives from quercetin and myricetin, of which 21 are unedited in the Connarus genus. Thus, from the analyses performed, we can identify different compounds with pharmacological potential, as well as the most suitable forms of extraction. CONCLUSION Using HRMS-GNPS/CFM, 21 unpublished compounds were identified in the studied species. Therefore, our combination of data analysis techniques can be used to determine their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Roberto Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Minello
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Castro Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Li X, Zhao Y, Tu X, Li C, Zhu Y, Zhong H, Liu ZJ, Wu S, Zhai J. Comparative analysis of plastomes in Oxalidaceae: Phylogenetic relationships and potential molecular markers. PLANT DIVERSITY 2021; 43:281-291. [PMID: 34485770 PMCID: PMC8390927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The wood sorrel family, Oxalidaceae, is mainly composed of annual or perennial herbs, a few shrubs, and trees distributed from temperate to tropical zones. Members of Oxalidaceae are of high medicinal, ornamental, and economic value. Despite the rich diversity and value of Oxalidaceae, few molecular markers or plastomes are available for phylogenetic analysis of the family. Here, we reported four new whole plastomes of Oxalidaceae and compared them with plastomes of three species in the family, as well as the plastome of Rourea microphylla in the closely related family Connaraceae. The eight plastomes ranged in length from 150,673 bp (Biophytum sensitivum) to 156,609 bp (R. microphylla). Genome annotations revealed a total of 129-131 genes, including 83-84 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and two to three pseudogenes. Comparative analyses showed that the plastomes of these species have minor variations at the gene level. The smaller plastomes of herbs B. sensitivum and three Oxalis species are associated with variations in IR region sizes, intergenic region variation, and gene or intron loss. We identified sequences with high variation that may serve as molecular markers in taxonomic studies of Oxalidaceae. The phylogenetic trees of selected superrosid representatives based on 76 protein-coding genes corroborated the Oxalidaceae position in Oxalidales and supported it as a sister to Connaraceae. Our research also supported the monophyly of the COM (Celastrales, Oxalidales, and Malpighiales) clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yamei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiongde Tu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengru Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yating Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junwen Zhai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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