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Zhao J, Fan Y, Cheng Z, Kennelly EJ, Long C. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and bioactivities of Cymbopogon plants: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118181. [PMID: 38608798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon (Poaceae) plants have been used for various purposes by many indigenous peoples in all continents. In particular, almost all species in the genus have traditionally been used as folk medicine to treat ailments. Traditional application records indicated that Cymbopogon might be used extensively to treat cold, dizziness, headache, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, rheumatism, diarrhea, whole grass for cold, sore throat, tracheitis and others. AIMS OF THE REVIEW Despite several research confirmed that Cymbopogon includes a range of active components, no review has been undertaken to consolidate information on its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and/or quality control. Thus this article aims to update a comprehensive review about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, cultivation techniques, economic benefits, trade, threats, and future conservation implications of Cymbopogon species. It may provide informative data for future development and further investigation of this important plant group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Traditional medicinal books and ethnomedicinal publications related to Cymbopogon from 1992 to 2023 were collated to investigate its ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological information. The online databases including Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer Link, PubMed, Wiley, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, and WanFang Database were screened. RESULTS Cymbopogon (Gramineae or Poaceae) plants have been grown worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine and other medicinal systems believes that Cymbopogon has the effect of relieve a cough, analgesia, treating dizziness, traumatic injury and can relieve abdominal pain. A total of 153 compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acid and other compounds were isolated or identified from Cymbopogon species by phytochemical studies. The extracts or compounds from Cymbopogon have exhibited numerous biological activities such as antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antineoplastic, antiarrhythmic, antidiabetic and other activities. The rich contents of citronellal, citronellol and geraniol found in Cymbopogon also provide significant nutritional benefits. CONCLUSION Based on their traditional uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities, Cymbopogon plants are potential medicinal and edible resources with diverse pharmacological effects. Due to various advantages of this group, they possess huge application potential in food and pharmaceutical industries, and animal husbandry. Among them, citronella is very important in terms of economic development. Further comprehensive research to evaluate the medicinal properties of Cymbopogon species will be necessary for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanxiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Lopes AR, Costa Silva DG, Rodrigues NR, Kemmerich Martins I, Paganotto Leandro L, Nunes MEM, Posser T, Franco J. Investigating the impact of Psidium guajava leaf hydroalcoholic extract in improving glutamatergic toxicity-induced oxidative stress in Danio rerio larvae. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:457-470. [PMID: 38576186 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2337366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate is one of the predominant excitatory neurotransmitters released from the central nervous system; however, at high concentrations, this substance may induce excitotoxicity. This phenomenon is involved in numerous neuropathologies. At present, clinically available pharmacotherapeutic agents to counteract glutamatergic excitotoxicity are not completely effective; therefore, research to develop novel compounds is necessary. In this study, the main objective was to determine the pharmacotherapeutic potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava (PG) in a model of oxidative stress-induced by exposure to glutamate utilizing Danio rerio larvae (zebrafish) as a model. Data showed that treatment with glutamate produced a significant increase in oxidative stress, chromatin damage, apoptosis, and locomotor dysfunction. All these effects were attenuated by pre-treatment with the classical antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Treatment with PG inhibited oxidative stress responsible for cellular damage induced by glutamate. However, exposure to PG failed to prevent glutamate-initiated locomotor damage. Our findings suggest that under conditions of oxidative stress, PG can be considered as a promising candidate for treatment of glutamatergic excitotoxicity and consequent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Rubim Lopes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Dennis Guilherme Costa Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathane Rosa Rodrigues
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia Compostos Bioativos - GBToxBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Illana Kemmerich Martins
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Paganotto Leandro
- Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica - PPGBTox, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauro Eugênio Medina Nunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais Posser
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Franco
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Hernández-Reyes A, Guzmán-Albores JM, De León-Rodríguez A, Ruíz-Valdiviezo VM, Rodríguez-Ortiz LR, Barba-de la Rosa AP. Toxicological and Sedative Effects of Chipilin ( Crotalaria longirostrata) Leaf Extracts Obtained by Maceration and Supercritical Fluid Extraction. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18862-18871. [PMID: 38708243 PMCID: PMC11064181 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Chipilin (Crotalaria longirostrata) is consumed as a vegetable in the preparation of traditional dishes. As a folk medicine, Chipilin extracts are used as a hypnotic and sedative agent; however, there are few reports that support these uses. This study aimed to characterize the compounds present in Chipilin leaf extracts and to investigate their sedative effect using zebrafish as an in vivo model. Extracts were obtained by maceration with water (H2O), ethanol (EtOH), and EtOH-H2O, while oleoresin was obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified by colorimetric methods. Phytochemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The chronic and acute toxicities of Chipilin extracts were tested in zebrafish embryos and larvae, respectively. Chipilin sedative effect was tested by the larvae response to dark-light-dark transitions. EtOH-H2O extracts had the highest value of total phenolics (5345 ± 5.1 μg GAE/g), followed by water and oleoresin (1815 ± 5.1 and 394 ± 5.1 μg GAE/g, respectively). In water extracts were identified the alkaloid trachelanthamidine, 1,2β-epoxy- and the alkyl ketone 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, while oleamide, α-monostearin, and erucamide were detected in all samples except in water extracts. Oleoresin extract had the lowest embryotoxicity (LC50 = 4.99 μg/mL) and the highest sedative effects. SFE is a green alternative to obtain Chipilin extracts rich in erucamide, an endocannabinoid analogue, which plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system and in modulating neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaía Hernández-Reyes
- IPICYT,
Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica
A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, México
| | | | - Antonio De León-Rodríguez
- IPICYT,
Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica
A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, México
| | - Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo
- Instituto
Tecnológico de México-Instituto Tecnológico de
Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Col. Juan Crispin, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, México
| | - Luis Roberto Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Investigadores
por México, Departamento de Neurobiología Molecular
y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología,
UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Ana Paulina Barba-de la Rosa
- IPICYT,
Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica
A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, México
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Pais TDS, Luchiari AC, de Souza AM, Medeiros I, Silva MGFR, Dos Santos YL, Silva-Maia JK, Passos TS, Morais AHDA. Assessment of acute toxicity of crude extract rich in carotenoids from Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) and the gelatin-based nanoparticles using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114091. [PMID: 37804917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Cantaloupe melon is known for its carotenoid-rich orange pulp. However, carotenoids are sensitive to oxygen, light, and heat, potentially reducing their benefits. Nanoencapsulation can preserve these benefits but raises concerns about toxicity. We aimed to assess the safety and bioactive potential of crude extract-rich carotenoids (CE) and nanoparticles based on gelatin loaded with CE (EPG) by investigating parameters such as cardio or neurotoxicity, especially acute toxicity. EPG was obtained by O/W emulsification and characterized by different methods. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to CE and EPG at 12.5 mg/L and 50 mg/L for 96h and were investigated for survival, hatching, malformations, and seven days post fertilization (dpf) larvae's visual motor response. Adult fish underwent behavioral tests after acute exposure of 96h. CE and EPG showed no acute toxicity in zebrafish embryos, and both improved the visual motor response in 7dpf larvae (p = 0.01), suggesting the potential antioxidant and provitamin A effect of carotenoids in cognitive function and response in the evaluated model. Adult fish behavior remained with no signs of anxiety, stress, swimming pattern changes, or sociability that would indicate toxicity. This study highlights the safety and potential benefits of carotenoids in zebrafish. Further research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Dos Santos Pais
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Physiology and Behavior Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Psychobiology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Augusto Monteiro de Souza
- Biotechnology Program - Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Isaiane Medeiros
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Yohanna Layssa Dos Santos
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Juliana Kelly Silva-Maia
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Thaís Souza Passos
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Adongo DW, Benneh CK, Tandoh A, Biney RP, Kukuia KKE, Mante PK, Harley BK, Oteng D, Appiah EA, Anorbor EC, Woode E. Anxiolytic-like effects of Pseudospondias microcarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract in zebrafish: Possible involvement of GABAergic and serotonergic pathways. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:33. [PMID: 37789217 PMCID: PMC10547670 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudospondias microcarpa is used in ethnomedicine to manage central nervous system diseases. The hydroethanolic extract (PME) from the leaves of the plant has shown anxiolytic-like properties in mice anxiety models. However, its effects in chronic anxiety models and possible mechanism(s) of action were not studied. Therefore, the current study evaluated the anxiolytic-like mechanisms of PME in zebrafish models of anxiety. The zebrafish light dark test (LDT) and novel tank test (NTT) were employed to assess the anxiolytic-like effects of PME (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg mL-1), fluoxetine (3 × 10-5 mg mL-1) and diazepam (1.5 × 10-7 mg mL-1). The chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) test was used to further evaluate the extract's anxiolytic-like properties. The potential mechanisms of anxiolytic action of the extract was evaluated after pre-treated with flumazenil, granisetron, methysergide, or pizotifen, all at 1 × 10-3 mg mL-1. The extract significantly decreased anxiety behaviours in the NT and LD tests. These observed effects of the extract were however counteracted by flumazenil, granisetron, methysergide and pizotifen pre-treatment. In addition, PME treatment significantly reversed CUS-induced anxiety behaviours in zebrafish. Results show that PME possesses anxiolytic-like effects possibly through interaction with serotonergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatus Wewura Adongo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Charles Kwaku Benneh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Augustine Tandoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Kwami Edem Kukuia
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Priscilla Kolibea Mante
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Kingsley Harley
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - David Oteng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Aduboffour Appiah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Ernest Cudjoe Anorbor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Quispe-Sanchez L, Mestanza M, Oliva-Cruz M, Rimarachín N, Caetano AC, Chuquizuta T, Goñas M, Ambler Gill ER, Chavez SG. Oxidative stability and physicochemical changes of dark chocolates with essential oils addition. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18139. [PMID: 37501977 PMCID: PMC10368843 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability and rheological properties of dark chocolates with the addition of essential oils (EO) of Cymbopogon citratus, Pimpinella anisum, and Mintostachys mollis. For this purpose, before the inclusion in chocolates, the EO were chemically characterized to identify the most important volatile compounds. We added essential oils of P. anisum, C. citratus and M. mollis to dark chocolates (cocoa 70%) at doses of 10, 12 and 14 μL per 500 g, separately. These chocolates were evaluated for oxidative activity, hardness, microstructure, rheological and melting properties and antioxidant capacity. It was found that C. citratus EO (10 μL/500 g of chocolate) improve the oxidative stability of the chocolates at 90 days of storage at 25 °C (230 meq O2/kg), while higher concentrations promote lipid oxidation. The incorporation of essential oils improves the antioxidant capacity, likewise, it changes the rheological, thermal, and microstructural properties. Therefore, essential oils can improve the physicochemical characteristics of dark chocolates allowing greater stability in oxidative fat and thus increase the shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Quispe-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación para El Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Marilu Mestanza
- Instituto de Investigación para El Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Manuel Oliva-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación para El Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Nelson Rimarachín
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias de La Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Peru
| | - Aline C. Caetano
- Instituto de Investigación para El Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias de La Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Peru
| | - Tony Chuquizuta
- Instituto de Investigación Del Mejoramiento Productivo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Chota, 06121, Peru
| | - Malluri Goñas
- Instituto de Investigación para El Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Elizabeth Renee Ambler Gill
- Instituto de Investigación para El Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture COLSA, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Segundo G. Chavez
- Instituto de Investigación para El Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias de La Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Peru
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Dai Y, Guo J, Zhang B, Chen J, Ou H, He RR, So KF, Zhang L. Lycium barbarum (Wolfberry) glycopeptide prevents stress-induced anxiety disorders by regulating oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154864. [PMID: 37182278 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycium barbarum (Wolfberry) extract has been shown to be effective in neuroprotection against aging or neural injury. Knowledge of its potential roles and biological mechanisms in relieving mental disorders, however, remains limited. PURPOSE To investigate the potency of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (LbGp) in alleviating anxiety disorders and the related biological mechanisms. METHODS LbGp was administrated to mice subjected to 14 days of chronic restrain stress (CRS) via the intragastric route. The anxiolytic effect was evaluated by a battery of behavioral assays. The morphology of neurons and glial cells was evaluated, and cortical neuronal calcium transients were recorded in vivo. The molecular mechanism of LbGp was also investigated. RESULTS LbGp effectively relieved anxiety-like and depressive behaviors under CRS. Mechanistic studies further showed that LbGp treatment relieved oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In particular, the ferroptosis pathway was inhibited by LbGp, revealing a previously unrecognized mechanism of the anxiolytic role of wolfberry extract. CONCLUSION In summary, our results supported the future development of LbGp to prevent or ameliorate stress-induced anxiety disorders. Our work provides a promising strategy for early intervention for pateitents with mental disorders by applying natural plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Dai
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiu Guo
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Borui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Ou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China; Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China; Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Sattayakhom A, Wichit S, Koomhin P. The Effects of Essential Oils on the Nervous System: A Scoping Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093771. [PMID: 37175176 PMCID: PMC10180368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are a mixture of natural aromatic volatile oils extracted from plants. The use of essential oils is ancient, and has prevailed in different cultures around the world, such as those of the Egyptians, Greeks, Persians, and Chinese. Today, essential oils are used in traditional and complimentary medicines, aromatherapy, massage therapies, cosmetics, perfumes and food industries. The screening effect of essential oils has been studied worldwide. They demonstrate a range of biological activities, such as antiparasitic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiaging, and neuroprotective properties. In this scoping review, we provide a 10-year updated comprehensive assessment of volatile oils and their effects on the nervous system. MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically and strategically searched for original studies investigating these effects from 2012 to 2022. Approximately seventy studies were selected as included studies. Among these studies, several outcomes were reported, including antistress, antianxiety, analgesic, cognitive, and autonomic effects. Some essential oils showed developmental benefits, with the potential to induce neurite outgrowth. The neurotransmitter receptor level can also be modified by essential oil application. Physiological and pathophysiological outcome measures were reported. For physiological outcomes, arousal, cognitive performance, circadian eating behavior, emotional modulation, consumer acceptance, preferences, and willingness to buy were investigated. For pathophysiological conditions, pain, depression, anxiety, stress, sleep disorder, mental fatigue, agitated behavior, and quality of life were measured. In conclusion, essential oils showed promising effects on the nervous system, which can be further applied to their use in functional foods, drinks, and alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apsorn Sattayakhom
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Phanit Koomhin
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand
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Kankaynar M, Ceyhun HA, Baran A, Sulukan E, Yildirim S, Bolat İ, Toraman E, Nadaroglu H, Arslan M, Ceyhun SB. The anxiolytic and circadian regulatory effect of agarwood water extract and its effects on the next generation; zebrafish modelling. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 269:109621. [PMID: 37023882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric symptoms worldwide. Studies show that there is an increase of >25 % in the prevalence of anxiety with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic process. Due to the various side effects of drugs used in the treatment of anxiety, interest in natural therapeutic alternatives has increased. Agarwood is a plant used as a natural therapeutic due to its sedative effect as well as many effects such as antioxidant and antibacterial. Although there are many studies with agarwood, comprehensive behavioral studies, including the next generation, are limited. In present study, zebrafish fed with diets containing 10-100 ppm water extract of Agarwood (AWE) for 3 and 8 weeks were exposed to predator stress using Oscar fish in order to test the potential anxiolytic effect of AWE. At the end of the period, zebrafish exposed to predator stress were subjected to anxiety and circadian tests. Histopathological evaluation and immunofluorescent analyzes of BDNF and 5HT4-R proteins were performed in the brains of zebrafish. The effects on the next generation were examined by taking offspring from zebrafish. According to the results, it was observed that AWE had a healing effect on anxiety-like behaviors and on the disrupted circadian rhythm triggered by the predatory stress it applied, especially in the 8 weeks 100 ppm group. Interestingly, it was also found to be effective in offspring of zebrafish fed diets with AWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Kankaynar
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hacer Akgül Ceyhun
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alper Baran
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Technical Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Sulukan
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emine Toraman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Food Technology, Technical Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Arslan
- Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saltuk Buğrahan Ceyhun
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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10
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Hajizadeh Moghaddam A, Mashayekhpour MA, Tabari MA. Anxiolytic-like effects of citral in the mouse elevated plus maze: involvement of GABAergic and serotonergic transmissions. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:301-309. [PMID: 36322162 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Citral, a monoterpene which is a part of the essential oil of several medicinal plants, is generally regarded as safe for human and animal consumption. Studies have introduced citral as a functional component of some essential oils in anxiolytic and antidepressant therapies; however, the neuropharmacological characteristics of citral have not yet been reported. In the present study, we evaluated the anxiolytic activities of citral in comparison to two standard anxiolytics, diazepam and buspirone, in Swiss albino mice by intraperitoneal administration of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg using elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field test (OFT). Moreover, we also examined whether the GABAA-benzodiazepine and 5-HT1A receptor are involved in the anxiolytic-like effects of citral by pretreatment with flumazenil and WAY-100635, respectively. Citral dose-dependently decreased the number of border crossings and time spent in borders, and also the number of grooming and rearing in OFT without altering the exploratory behavior of mice. In the EPM, this monoterpene led to a significant increase in number of entries in open arms and time spent in open arms, as well as a decrease in time spent in closed arms. Pretreatment with flumazenil and WAY-100635 both could reverse the anxiolytic effects of the citral in the EPM. These results suggest that anxiolytic activity of citral occurs via the GABAA and 5-HT1A receptor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini Tabari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, 24th Aftab, Haraz St., Amol, Iran.
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11
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Rebouças EDL, da Silva AW, Rodrigues MC, Ferreira MKA, Mendes FRS, Marinho MM, Marinho EM, Pereira LR, Araújo JIFD, da Silva JYG, Moura LFWG, Magalhaes FEA, Salles Trevisan MT, Dos Santos HS, Marinho ES, Guedes MIF. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities of the ethanolic Turnera subulata Sm. flower extract in adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13062-13074. [PMID: 34629028 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1981449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Turnera subulata Sm. belongs to the family Turneraceae and is found in Brazil. The present study evaluated the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic potential of T. subulata flower extract (EtFloTsu) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The total phenol and flavonoid contents of EtFloTsu were determined and identified using the Folin Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride (AlCl3), respectively. The constituents of the extract were identified by HPLC-DAD, and the in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH) was determined, toxicity in brine shrimp, and acute toxicity of 96 h in adult zebrafish. In addition, adult zebrafish (n = 6/fish) were treated orally with EtFloTsu (4, 20, or 40 mg/kg; vo) and subjected to formalin-induced nociception tests (with its possible mechanism of action with camphor), carrageenan-induced inflammation, and D-glucose-induced hyperglycemia (111 mM). Oxidative stress in the liver and brain tissues was assessed. EtFloTsu showed high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant activity. The phytochemicals chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-o-glucoside, vitexin, and apigenin-7-o-glucoside were also identified in EtFloTsu. The synergism between these constituents was possibly responsible for the antinociceptive (via TRPA1), anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects of EtFloTsu in adult zebrafish, without causing toxicity in animals. Therefore, T. subulata flowers have therapeutic agents that could treat pain, inflammation, diabetes, and related complications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela de Lima Rebouças
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Campus do Itaperi, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Itaperi Campus, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Wlisses da Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Itaperi Campus, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marnielle Coutinho Rodrigues
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Campus do Itaperi, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Kueirislene Amâncio Ferreira
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Itaperi Campus, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Rogênio Silva Mendes
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Itaperi Campus, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuelle Machado Marinho
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry - GQT, Pici Campus, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ramos Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Bioprospecting and Biotechnology, CECITEC Campus, State University of Ceará, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Ismael Feitosa de Araújo
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Bioprospecting and Biotechnology, CECITEC Campus, State University of Ceará, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Ytalo Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Itaperi Campus, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhaes
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Itaperi Campus, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Bioprospecting and Biotechnology, CECITEC Campus, State University of Ceará, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Campus do Itaperi, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Itaperi Campus, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, State University of Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemical - GQTE, FAFIDAM Campus, State University of Ceará, Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Campus do Itaperi, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Itaperi Campus, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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12
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Gao X, Hu Y, Tao Y, Liu S, Chen H, Li J, Zhao Y, Sheng J, Tian Y, Fan Y. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf aqueous extract ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in mice by promoting gastrointestinal motility and regulating the gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017804. [PMID: 36267178 PMCID: PMC9578511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow transit constipation (STC) is the most common type of functional constipation. Drugs with good effects and few side effects are urgently needed form the treatment of STC. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (CC) is an important medicinal and edible spice plant. The wide range of biological activities suggested that CC may have laxative effects, but thus far, it has not been reported. In this study, the loperamide-induced STC mouse model was used to evaluate the laxative effect of the aqueous extract of CC (CCAE), and the laxative mechanism was systematically explored from the perspectives of the enteric nervous system (ENS), neurotransmitter secretion, gastrointestinal motility factors, intestinal inflammation, gut barrier and gut microbiota. The results showed that CCAE not only decreased the serum vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), induced nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in STC mice but also increased the expression of gastrointestinal motility factors in colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), thereby significantly shortening the defecation time and improving the gastrointestinal transit rate. The significantly affected gastrointestinal motility factors included stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit), stem cell factor (SCF), anoctamin 1 (Ano1), ryanodine receptor 3 (RyR3), smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) and Connexin 43 (Cx43). Meanwhile, CCAE could repair loperamide-induced intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage by reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, chemical barrier (Muc-2) and mechanical barrier (Cldn4, Cldn12, Occludin, ZO-1, and ZO-2). Interestingly, CCAE could also partially restore loperamide-induced gut microbial dysbiosis in various aspects, such as microbial diversity, community structure and species composition. Importantly, we established a complex but clear network between gut microbiota and host parameters. Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and UCG-010 showed the most interesting associations with the laxative phenotypes; several other specific taxa showed significant associations with serum neurotransmitters, gastrointestinal motility factors, intestinal inflammation, and the gut barrier. These findings suggested that CCAE might promote intestinal motility by modulating the ENS-ICCs-SMCs network, intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. CC may be an effective and safe therapeutic choice for STC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yafei Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangfeng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Haowen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Sheng,
| | - Yang Tian
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yang Tian,
| | - Yuanhong Fan
- Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yuanhong Fan,
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13
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Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil Increases the Effect of Digluconate Chlorhexidine on Microcosm Biofilms. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101067. [PMID: 36297124 PMCID: PMC9607486 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its association with chlorhexidine on cariogenic microcosm biofilm composition and acidogenicity. Minimum inhibitory and bactericide concentrations from the essential oil and chlorhexidine were determined by broth microdilution assay. Microcosms (polymicrobial) biofilms were produced on glass coverslips, using inoculum from human saliva in McBain culture medium (0.5% sucrose exposure for 6 h/day) for 3 days in 24-well plates. The biofilms were treated twice a day and their composition was evaluated by microorganism quantification. The acidogenicity was evaluated by measuring the pH of the spent culture medium in contact with the biofilm. Overall, the association of C. citratus and chlorhexidine reduced total bacterial counts and aciduric bacteria (maximum reduction of 3.55 log UFC/mL) in microcosm biofilms. This group also presented the lowest acidogenicity even when exposed to sucrose-containing medium. C. citratus essential oil increases the effect of digluconate chlorhexidine on microcosm biofilms. Based on these findings, this study can contribute to the development of new formulations that might allow for the use of mouthwashes for a shorter period, which may reduce undesirable effects and increase patient compliance to the treatment.
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14
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Tibenda JJ, Yi Q, Wang X, Zhao Q. Review of phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacological activities of Cymbopogon genus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997918. [PMID: 36105217 PMCID: PMC9465289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cymbopogon genus belongs to the Andropoganeae family of the family Poaceae, which is famous for its high essential oil concentration. Cymbopogon possesses a diverse set of characteristics that supports its applications in cosmetic, pharmaceuticals and phytotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize and connect the evidence supporting the use of phytotherapy, phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, pharmacological activities, and quality control of the Cymbopogon species and their extracts. To ensure the successful completion of this review, data and studies relating to this review were strategically searched and obtained from scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. Approximately 120 acceptable reviews, original research articles, and other observational studies were included and incorporated for further analysis. Studies showed that the genus Cymbopogon mainly contained flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which were the pivotal pharmacological active ingredients. When combined with the complex β-cyclodextrin, phytochemicals such as citronellal have been shown to have their own mechanism of action in inhibiting the descending pain pathway. Another mechanism of action described in this review is that of geraniol and citral phytochemicals, which have rose and lemon-like scents and can be exploited in soaps, detergents, mouthwash, cosmetics, and other products. Many other pharmacological effects, such as anti-protozoal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer have been discussed sequentially, along with how and which phytochemicals are responsible for the observed effect. Cymbopogon species have proven to be extremely valuable, with many applications. Its phytotherapy is proven to be due to its rich phytochemicals, obtained from different parts of the plant like leaves, roots, aerial parts, rhizomes, and even its essential oils. For herbs of Cymbopogon genus as a characteristic plant therapy, significant research is required to ensure their efficacy and safety for a variety of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnea Japhet Tibenda
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
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15
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Mendes Hacke AC, D'Avila da Silva F, Lima D, Rebuglio Vellosa JC, Teixeira Rocha JB, Marques JA, Pereira RP. Cytotoxicity of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf fractions, essential oil, citral, and geraniol in human leukocytes and erythrocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115147. [PMID: 35227781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Our recently published paper demonstrated that ethyl acetate fractions obtained from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (C. citratus) leaves, which are consumed as infusion in folk medicine due to their therapeutic properties, are rich in polyphenols and exhibit promising antioxidant activity by acting through different mechanisms in vitro. However, studies regarding the toxicity of these fractions are necessary to investigate their safe use in future biomedical applications. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of ethyl acetate (obtained in acidic and basic conditions and after the essential oil removal from the leaves) and chloroform fractions, essential oil, and its pure constituents, citral and geraniol. MATERIALS AND METHODS The toxicity of C. citratus samples was evaluated by using Artemia salina (A. salina) and human blood cells (leukocytes and erythrocytes). RESULTS The A. salina lethality assay demonstrated that C. citratus fractions were moderately toxic with LC50 values ranging from 146.12 to 433.15 μg mL-1, whereas the essential oil and isolated compounds were highly toxic with LC50 lower than 100 μg mL-1. Leukocyte viability decreased after incubation in the presence of the fractions obtained after the essential oil removal from the plant leaves, as well as in the presence of essential oil, citral and geraniol. The same samples increased the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes, and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis revealed significant changes in cell morphology. Interestingly, our results suggest that the previous removal of essential oil from plant leaves facilitated the extraction of cytotoxic compounds from C. citratus. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that C. citratus ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions, essential oil, as well citral and geraniol were considered toxic to A. salina, cytotoxic to human blood cells and showed to induce alterations in the erythrocyte membrane at higher concentrations. These fractions will be further investigated to identify the phytochemicals involved in the observed cytotoxic effects and explored using in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhésmon Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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16
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de Oliveira IC, Oliveira RSM, Lemos CHDP, de Oliveira CPB, Felix E Silva A, Lorenzo VP, Lima AO, da Cruz AL, Copatti CE. Essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia sidoides in the anesthetic induction and transport of ornamental fish Pterophyllum scalare. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:501-519. [PMID: 35435543 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study verified the effects of essential oils from Lippia sidoides (EOLS) and Cymbopogon citratus (EOCC) on the anesthesia of freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) of two different sizes (juveniles I (0.82 g) and II (2.40 g)) and the transport (8 h) of juveniles II. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOLS and EOCC: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg L-1. Ventilatory rate (VR) and transport for 8 h with 0, 10, and 15 mg L-1 of each essential oil were evaluated in juveniles II. The major components found in EOLS and EOCC were carvacrol (44.50%) and α-citral (73.56%), respectively. The best sedation and anesthesia times for both essential oils were obtained with 10 and 25 mg L-1 and 200 and 250 mg L-1 for juveniles I and II, respectively. Fish sedated with EOLS had lower VR values than the other treatments. Blood glucose levels were higher in ornamental fish transported with 10 and 15 mg EOLS L-1 and 15 mg EOCC L-1. Hepatic glycogen values were higher in the control group. In general, fish transported with 10 mg EOLS L-1 showed fewer gill histological alterations than other transported fish. When the type of lesion was evaluated, the highest gill alterations occurred in fish transported with EOCC. In conclusion, 10 mg EOLS L-1 could be used to transport of juveniles II because although this concentration increased blood glucose levels, it decreased the VR and muscle glycogen levels and caused only mild alterations to the gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Cruz de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Santos Matos Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique da Paixão Lemos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | | | - Altiery Felix E Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Vitor Prates Lorenzo
- Instituto Federal Do Sertão Pernambucano, Campus Petrolina Setor Rural, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Alberto Oliveira Lima
- União Metropolitana de Educação E Cultura, Av. Luis Tarquinio Pontes, 600-Centro, Lauro de Freitas, BA, 42700-000, Brazil
| | - André Luis da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade E Evolução, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Copatti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil.
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Kujawska M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. The use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan migrants in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina, is based on Guaraní tradition, colonial and current plant knowledge. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114702. [PMID: 34627987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Information on the use of medicinal plants in the daily life by Paraguayan people is scarce in mainstream scientific literature. The study on the Paraguayan diaspora in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, gives an insight into Guaraní traditions, colonial legacy and current search for new medicinal plants to address new health challenges. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan mestizo migrants who moved into a new country, yet within the same ecological region. The present and past uses of medicinal plants were compared to understand the continuity and change in the Paraguayan herbal pharmacopoeia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fieldwork based on ethnographic and ethnobotanical techniques was carried out in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, in 2014, 2015, and 2019. Eighty-five Paraguayan migrants and their descendants from eastern Paraguay took part in the study. The list of recorded plants was compared with the information in historical sources from Paraguay, to examine the continuity and changes in Paraguayan herbal medicine, and with the present-day ethnobotanical studies from Paraguay. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on the medicinal plants with the highest consensus of uses were reviewed. RESULTS Altogether, 204 medicinal plant species were recorded. The most frequently mentioned species represented a combination of plants native to the New and Old World. Nearly 40% of the present-day Paraguayan pharmacopoeia shows continuity from colonial and post-colonial periods. Plants were used for 19 medical categories, of which digestive, circulatory and those belonging to humoral medicine were the most prevalent. The ongoing search of plants to treat new health problems is illustrated by reports of 40 species used for hypertension, 26 for diabetes and 18 to lower cholesterol. There is still little evidence for the effectiveness of these plants in the pharmacological literature. Paraguayan migrants were able to continue their traditional plant medicine in Misiones, Argentina, in a substantial way. CONCLUSION This study was carried out in a geographic area with a long-standing tradition of Guaraní medicine. Paraguayan migrants in Misiones integrate pre-Hispanic Guaraní names and uses of plants and old humoral concepts with current adaptation of plants to meet new health challenges. Several of the uses described in early colonial times are still practiced, giving a solid background for in-depth studies of the local pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kujawska
- University of Lodz, Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, Lindleya 3/5, 90-131, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
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18
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Cueto-Escobedo J, German-Ponciano LJ, Guillén-Ruiz G, Soria-Fregozo C, Herrera-Huerta EV. Zebrafish as a Useful Tool in the Research of Natural Products With Potential Anxiolytic Effects. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:795285. [PMID: 35095438 PMCID: PMC8789748 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.795285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular and valuable species used in many different biomedical research areas. The complex behavior that fish exhibit in response to different stimuli allows researchers to explore the biological and pharmacological basis of affective and mood disorders. In this sense, anxiety is commonly studied in preclinical research with animal models in rodents. During the last decade, those models have been successfully adapted to zebrafish. Stressful stimuli, such as novel environments, chemical substances, light conditions, and predator images, can trigger defensive behaviors considered indicators of an anxiety-like state. In the first stage, models were adapted and validated with different stressors and anxiolytic drugs with promising results and are now successfully used to generate scientific knowledge. In that sense, zebrafish allows several routes of administration and other methodological advantages to explore the anxiolytic effects of natural products in behavioral tests as novel tank, light-dark chamber, and black/white maze, among others. The present work will review the main findings on preclinical research using adult zebrafish to explore anxiolytics effects of natural products as plant secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes or standardized extracts of plants, among others. Scientific literature confirms the utility of zebrafish tests to explore anxiety-like states and anxiolytic-like effects of plant secondary metabolites, which represent a useful and ethical tool in the first stages of behavioral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo
- Departamento de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz
- Investigador por México, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) – Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Cesar Soria-Fregozo
- Laboratorio Ciencias Biomédicas/Área Histología y Psicobiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno, Mexico
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19
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Mukarram M, Choudhary S, Khan MA, Poltronieri P, Khan MMA, Ali J, Kurjak D, Shahid M. Lemongrass Essential Oil Components with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 35052524 PMCID: PMC8773226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prominent cultivation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) relies on the pharmacological incentives of its essential oil. Lemongrass essential oil (LEO) carries a significant amount of numerous bioactive compounds, such as citral (mixture of geranial and neral), isoneral, isogeranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, citronellal, citronellol, germacrene-D, and elemol, in addition to other bioactive compounds. These components confer various pharmacological actions to LEO, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. These LEO attributes are commercially exploited in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food preservations industries. Furthermore, the application of LEO in the treatment of cancer opens a new vista in the field of therapeutics. Although different LEO components have shown promising anticancer activities in vitro, their effects have not yet been assessed in the human system. Hence, further studies on the anticancer mechanisms conferred by LEO components are required. The present review intends to provide a timely discussion on the relevance of LEO in combating cancer and sustaining human healthcare, as well as in food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.C.); (M.M.A.K.)
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia;
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.C.); (M.M.A.K.)
| | - Mo Ahamad Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, ISPA-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Via Monteroni km 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.C.); (M.M.A.K.)
| | - Jamin Ali
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia;
| | - Mohd Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Road 2904 Building 293 Manama, 329, Bahrain;
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20
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Composition, Anti-MRSA Activity and Toxicity of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon Species. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247542. [PMID: 34946632 PMCID: PMC8708858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the essential oils obtained from medicinal plants possess proven antimicrobial activity and are suitable for medicinal purposes and applications in the food industry. The aim of the present work was the chemical analysis of 19 essential oils (EOs) from seven different Cymbopogon species (C. nardus, C. citratus, C winterianus, C. flexuosus, C. schoenanthus, C. martinii, C. giganteus). Five different chemotypes were established by GC/MS and TLC assay. The EOs, as well as some reference compounds, i.e., citronellol, geraniol and citral (neral + geranial), were also tested for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the microdilution method and direct bioautography. The toxicity of EOs was evaluated by Danio rerio ‘Zebrafish’ model assay. All examined EOs showed moderate to high activity against MRSA, with the highest activity noted for C. flexuosus—lemongrass essential oil, both in microdilution and direct autobiography method. Significant difference in the toxicity of the examined EOs was also detected.
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21
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Silva MGDV, Lima DRD, Monteiro JA, Magalhães FEA. Anxiolytic-like effect of chrysophanol from Senna cana stem in adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4426-4430. [PMID: 34547943 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1980788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic-like effect of chrysophanol (CHRY), isolated from hexane extract of Senna cana stem and its possible mechanism of action. CHRY was obtained through chromatographic treatments and its identity was confirmed by uni and bidimensional RMN1H and RMN13C. Adult zebrafish (n = 6/group) were treated (with CHRY (4.0 or 12.0 or 40.0 mg/Kg; 20 µL; intraperitoneally) and submitted to acute toxicity and open field tests. Subsequently, other groups (n = 6/each) received CHRY for the analysis of its effect on the Light & Dark Test. The participation of the GABAergic system was also assessed using the diazepam (GABAA receptor agonist) and flumazenil (GABAA receptor antagonist). CHRY was considered non-toxic, it did not reduce the locomotor activity, and showed an anxiolytic-like effect. This effect was reduced by pre-treatment with flumazenil. The results suggest that CHRY is an anxiolytic-like agent mediated via the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Rodrigues de Lima
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LPNMed), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jackelyne Alves Monteiro
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LPNMed), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhães
- Laboratory of Natural Product Bioprospecting and Biotechnology (LBPNB) Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceará, Tauá-Ceará, Brazil
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22
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Li Z, Cao P, Meng H, Li D, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang S. Long-term exposure to 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline can trigger a potential risk of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125230. [PMID: 33548786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to heterocyclic amines (HCAs) from a wide range of sources, such as protein-rich thermally processed foods, cigarette smoke, contaminated river water, the atmosphere, soil, and forest fire ash. Although the carcinogenic and mutagenic hazards of HCAs have been widely studied, the potential neurotoxicity of these compounds still needs to be further elucidated. Here, we studied the neurotoxicity of the HCA 2-amino-3-methylimidazole[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in vivo by utilizing a zebrafish model. After 35 days of exposure at 8, 80, and 800 ng/mL, zebrafish exploratory behavior and locomotor activity were significantly inhibited, and light/dark preference behaviors were also disturbed. Moreover, the expression of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related genes and proteins, dopamine-related genes, neuroplasticity-related genes, antioxidant enzyme genes and inflammatory cytokine genes in the zebrafish brain was significantly affected. The numbers of NeuN neurons in the midbrain were decreased in exposed zebrafish, while the numbers of apoptotic cells were increased. In summary, our research suggests that IQ is neurotoxic and significantly associated with PD and that long-term exposure to IQ may contribute to PD risk. This risk may be related to IQ-mediated effects on mitochondrial homeostasis and induction of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peipei Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huiling Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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23
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Antimicrobials from Medicinal Plants: An Emergent Strategy to Control Oral Biofilms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral microbial biofilms, directly related to oral diseases, particularly caries and periodontitis, exhibit virulence factors that include acidification of the oral microenvironment and the formation of biofilm enriched with exopolysaccharides, characteristics and common mechanisms that, ultimately, justify the increase in antibiotics resistance. In this line, the search for natural products, mainly obtained through plants, and derived compounds with bioactive potential, endorse unique biological properties in the prevention of colonization, adhesion, and growth of oral bacteria. The present review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the in vitro antibiofilm activity of various medicinal plants, revealing numerous species with antimicrobial properties, among which, twenty-four with biofilm inhibition/reduction percentages greater than 95%. In particular, the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Lippia alba (Mill.) seem to be the most promising in fighting microbial biofilm in Streptococcus mutans, given their high capacity to reduce biofilm at low concentrations.
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Diazepam and Its Disinfection Byproduct Promote the Early Development of Nervous System in Zebrafish Embryos. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The widely used diazepam, as central nervous system inhibitor, has found to be ubiquitous in surface water and drinking water. Moreover, a series of byproducts such as 2-methylamino-5-chlorobenzophenone (MACB) were generated after the chlorine disinfection process. However, little information is available about the neurobiological effects of these emerging chemicals at low doses, especially on infants and children. Here, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to diazepam and MACB at 0.05, 0.5, and 5 nM, which were equivalent to environmental levels. Both diazepam and MACB increased the somite number and promoted nervous development of transgenic zebrafish [Tg (elavl3: EGFP) larvae] at 72 hours postfertilization ( hpf). Both diazepam and MACB also disrupted the homeostasis of adenosine monophosphate, valine, methionine, and fumaric acid in zebrafish embryos at 12 hpf. Additionally, the locomotor behavior activity of zebrafish was significantly enhanced after 120-hour sustained exposure to diazepam or MACB. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of oct4, sox2, and nanog, modulating the pluripotency and self-renewal, were upregulated by diazepam and MACB in zebrafish embryo. Altogether, diazepam and MACB stimulate developmental neurogenesis and may induce neuronal excitotoxicity at quite low doses. These results indicated that the chronic exposure to psychoactive drugs may pose a potential risk to the development of the nervous system in infancy.
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