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Tine Y, Sene M, Gaye C, Diallo A, Ndiaye B, Ndoye I, Wele A. Combretum micranthum G. Don (Combretaceae): A Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301606. [PMID: 38353648 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Combretum micranthum (Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant widely known and used in Africa to treat a variety of conditions such as diabetes, fever, coughs, bronchitis, diarrhea, pain, malaria and liver disorders, among others. Due to its wide traditional use, in this review, published scientific reports on its composition and pharmacological properties were explored by conducting a literature search of databases. To date, 155 organic compounds including 34 flavonoids, 16 phenolic acids, 14 alkaloids, 15 fatty acids, 14 terpenoids/steroids, 24 amino acids, 8 carbohydrate substances and 30 other organic compounds have been identified from this plant. In addition to these organic compounds, 6 minerals (potassium nitrate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron and zinc) have also been reported. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these phytochemicals and plant extracts have a wide range of pharmacological potential, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antihypertensive, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, anxiolytic, anti-cholinesterase and antidiarrheal activities. Additionally, no harmful effects have been revealed through studies. Thus, this study could constitute a valuable reference for the valorization of C. micranthum in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoro Tine
- Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Madieye Sene
- Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics Laboratory, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Cheikhouna Gaye
- Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Alioune Diallo
- Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Benjamin Ndiaye
- Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Idrissa Ndoye
- Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Alassane Wele
- Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
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Al-Otaibi JS, Mary YS, Mary YS, Thomas R. Evidences of noncovalent interactions between indole and dichloromethane under different solvent conditions. J Mol Model 2023; 29:246. [PMID: 37442832 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Theoretical investigation of indole (IND) and its binary combination with dichloromethane (DC) in various solvents were computed to track the impact of molecular interactions on spectral characteristics. When transitioning from plain drug to complexes, different modes of IND display a substantial shift in peak location. The 3561.26 cm-1 band shows (~15.58 cm-1) red shift upon dilution. The geometry in various solvents was calculated using quantum chemical calculation utilizing density functional theory (DFT). The highest ALIE values are located at the indole skeleton and on complexation with DC, and the ring atoms become more electron rich. The atom-centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) molecular dynamic (MD) calculation shows that the geometries optimized through the DFT calculation match the global minima effectively. MD simulations indicate that indole is more stable in water and methanol. METHODS DFT studies have been employed to study the interaction between indole and dichloromethane. CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d)(6D,7F) level of theory was employed using Gaussian 16 W suite. Quantum topological descriptors were discussed using quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) with the help of Multiwfn software. Reduced density gradient (RDG) plot describes the nature of the interaction, while average local ionization energy (ALIE) explained the variation in local ionization energy of the molecular surface before and after complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamelah S Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St. Berchmans College (Autonomous), Mahatma Gandhi University, Changanassery, Kerala, India
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Cui J, Liu Y, Hao Z, Liu Y, Qiu M, Kang L, Teng X, Tang Y. Cadmium induced time-dependent kidney injury in common carp via mitochondrial pathway: Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023:106570. [PMID: 37202229 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Toxic effect of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) on fish kidneys had been reported. Mitochondrion is an important organelle for maintaining kidney function, while its role in Cd-induced kidney injury in common carp remained unclarified. In this experiment, we established a poisoning model of common carp with Cd exposure (0.26 mg/L) for 15, 30, and 45 days. Serum biochemistry determination, histological observation, TUNEL assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and integrated biomarker response (IBR) were applied to assess the nephrotoxicity of Cd to common carp. Our results displayed that Cd exposure increased the levels of serum biochemical indexes (UREA, CRE, and UA), indicating kidney injury. We further revealed via histological observation that Cd damaged structural integrity of kidneys, as evidenced by renal glomerulus and renal tubular injury, hallmark phenotypes of apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage, suggesting that mitochondria damage and apoptosis were involved in Cd-induced kidney injury. Moreover, Cd exposure decreased ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, and Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase) activities as well as PGC-1a and Mfn2 levels, while increased Drp1 and PINK1 levels as well as LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, which indicated that Cd-impaired renal energy metabolism was related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, we found that Cd induced oxidative stress (abnormal levels of SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA, and H2O2) in kidneys, which was involved in triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and further impairing mitochondrial energy metabolism. Moreover, the occurrence of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis was found after Cd-exposure in common carp kidneys, as indicated by enhanced levels of Bax, CytC, APAF1, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, while declined level of Bcl-2. Subsequently, we confirmed a time-dependent nephrotoxicity of Cd to common carp via IBR assessment. In conclusion, Cd induced time-dependent nephrotoxicity in common carp via mitochondrial pathway. This mitochondria-oriented study shed light on underlying mechanisms of Cd-induced renal pathologies and provided a theoretical basis for evaluating Cd toxicity to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR. China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR. China
| | - Zhiyu Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR. China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR. China
| | - Minna Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR. China
| | - Lu Kang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, PR. China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR. China.
| | - You Tang
- Digital Agriculture key discipline of Jilin Province, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, PR. China.
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da Silva AW, Ferreira MKA, Pereira LR, Rebouças EL, Coutinho MR, Dos J, Lima R, Guedes MIF, Bandeira PN, Magalhães FEA, Menezes JESAD, Marinho MM, Teixeira AMR, Salles Trevisan MT, Dos Santos HS, Marinho ES. Combretum lanceolatum extract reverses anxiety and seizure behavior in adult zebrafish through GABAergic neurotransmission: an in vivo and in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9801-9814. [PMID: 34121622 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1935322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combretaceae are reported in the literature for presenting neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects in animal models. Combretum lanceolatum Pohl. has few scientific reports on its pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects of the ethanol extract from the leaves of C. lanceolatum Pohl. (EtFoCl) and its possible mechanism of GABAergic action in adult zebrafish. EtFoCl was subjected to determination of the total phenol concentration, identification of phytochemical flavonoids by HPLC and in vitro antioxidant activity test, open field test and 96-hour acute toxicity in zebrafish. Anxiolytic doses were tested for pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in adult zebrafish. To study the mechanisms of action, molecular docking simulations were performed between the main phytochemicals and the GABAA receptor (anxiolytic activity) and carbonic anhydrase II (anticonvulsant). The non-toxic doses that caused motor impairment were assessed in acute and chronic anxiety using the light and dark test. EtFoCl had altered the animals' locomotion, presenting an effect similar to the anxiolytic and anticonvulsant. These effects were prevented with flumazenil (GABAA antagonist). The phytochemicals homoorientin and quercetin-3-O-galactoside coupling in a region close to that of the inhibitor diazepam (GABAA receptor). Regarding the anticonvulsant mechanism, Homoorientina and Isovitexina were identified as the most favorable for the complex form with the carbonic anhydrase enzyme. C. lanceolatum has pharmacological potential for the treatment of acute and chronic anxiety and seizures, which can be partially explained by an interaction with the GABAA receptor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Wlisses da Silva
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, State University of Ceará, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Kueirislene A Ferreira
- Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, State University of Ceará, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ramos Pereira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuela L Rebouças
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, State University of Ceará, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marnielle Rodrigues Coutinho
- Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, State University of Ceará, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Reis Lima
- Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, State University of Ceará, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
- Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, State University of Ceará, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo N Bandeira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ernani A Magalhães
- Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, State University of Ceará, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, State University of Ceará, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products Bioprospecting and Biotechnology, CECITEC Campus, State University of Ceará, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jane Eire S A de Menezes
- Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, State University of Ceará, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcia Machado Marinho
- Faculty of Education, Science and Letters of Iguatu, State University of Ceará, Iguatu, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Magno Rodrigues Teixeira
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Hélcio S Dos Santos
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Itaperi Campus, Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry - LQPN-S, State University of Ceará, Science and Technology Center (CCT), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil
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Yan LJ. The Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Renal Pathophysiology and Redox Imbalance Features. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091225. [PMID: 36139064 PMCID: PMC9496087 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. While there has been a great advance in our understanding of the pathogenesis of DN, no effective managements of this chronic kidney disease are currently available. Therefore, continuing to elucidate the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of DN remains a constant need. In this regard, animal models of diabetes are indispensable tools. This review article highlights a widely used rodent model of non-obese type 2 diabetes induced by nicotinamide (NA) and streptozotocin (STZ). The mechanism underlying diabetes induction by combining the two chemicals involves blunting the toxic effect of STZ by NA so that only a percentage of β cells are destroyed and the remaining viable β cells can still respond to glucose stimulation. This NA-STZ animal model, as a platform for the testing of numerous antidiabetic and renoprotective materials, is also discussed. In comparison with other type 2 diabetic animal models, such as high-fat-diet/STZ models and genetically engineered rodent models, the NA-STZ model is non-obese and is less time-consuming and less expensive to create. Given that this unique model mimics certain pathological features of human DN, this model should continue to find its applications in the field of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Zhang H, Zhou Q, Xiao P, Liu X, Liu L. Protective Effect of Buckwheat Polysaccharide on Streptozotocin-Induced Kidney Injury in Diabetic Rats and the Possible Mechanism. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We intend to explore the mechanism underlying the effect of Buckwheat polysaccharide on kidney damage in diabetics. In this study, rats received 5 week-STZ injection to induce type 2 diabetes and then were administered with 8-week buckwheat polysaccharide followed by analysis of the
diabetes-index and kidney histopathological changes by immunohistochemistry and ELISA as well as the expression of kidney Col IV, Akt, TGF-β1, FN, FoxO1 and MnSOD by western blot and RT-qPCR. Diabetic nephropathy rats exhibited significantly increased blood glucose, kidney body
mass index, Scr and glomerular mesangial index, with thickened glomerular basement membrane, and elevated BUN and urinary albumin excretion. Besides, podocyte was fused as demonstrated by significantly decreased expression of renal TGF-β1, FN, Col IV mRNA and renal MnSOD mRNA.
In conclusion, Buckwheat polysaccharides significantly alleviate kidney injury in diabetes possibly through regulation of FoxO1/MnSOD axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Qibing Zhou
- Emergency Department of the Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Pengfei Xiao
- Department of Scientific Research, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Xiulan Liu
- Emergency Department of the Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Lingwei Liu
- Department of Endocrine, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
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Kpemissi M, Veerapur VP, Suhas DS, Puneeth TA, Nandeesh R, Vijayakumar S, Eklu-Gadegbeku K. Combretum micranthum G. Don protects hypertension induced by L-NAME by cardiovascular and renal remodelling through reversing inflammation and oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zannou O, Pashazadeh H, Ibrahim SA, Koca I, Galanakis CM. Green and highly extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity from kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum G. Don) by natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) using maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction and homogenate-assisted extraction. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Shao H, Xiao M, Zha Z, Olatunji OJ. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS 2 analysis of Acacia pennata extract and its effects on glycemic indices, lipid profile, pancreatic and hepatorenal alterations in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1058-1069. [PMID: 35432973 PMCID: PMC9007297 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder associated with severe metabolic derangement and comorbidities. The constant increase in the global population of diabetic patients coupled with some prevailing side effects associated with synthetic antidiabetic drugs has necessitated the urgent need for the search for alternative antidiabetic regimens. This study investigated the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and pancreatic protective effects of the Acacia pennata extract (APE) against nicotinamide/streptozotocin induced DM in rats. The antidiabetic activity of APE was evaluated and investigated at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg body weight, while metformin (150 mg/kg bw) was used as a standard drug. APE markedly decreased blood glucose level, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine phosphatase levels. Additionally, treatment with APE increased the body weight, serum insulin concentration, and high‐density lipoprotein. Moreover, activities of pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were increased, while the altered pancreatic architecture in the histopathological examination was notably restored in the treated rats. Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS) analysis of APE showcases the prevailing presence of polyphenolic compounds. Conclusively, this study showed the beneficial effects of the Acacia pennata in controlling metabolic derangement, pancreatic and hepatorenal dysfunction in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory East China Normal University Affiliated Wuhu Hospital Wuhu China
| | - Minmin Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory East China Normal University Affiliated Wuhu Hospital Wuhu China
| | - Zheng Zha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory East China Normal University Affiliated Wuhu Hospital Wuhu China
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Iqbal MO, Sial AS, Akhtar I, Naeem M, Hazafa A, Ansari RA, Rizvi SAA. The nephroprotective effects of Daucus carota and Eclipta prostrata against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12702-12721. [PMID: 34949157 PMCID: PMC8810007 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse of cisplatin (>50 mg/m2) is limited to nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, gastrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and allergic reactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the nephroprotective effects of Daucus carota and Eclipta prostrata extracts on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The study involved male Wistar albino rats of 8 weeks weighing 220-270 g. A single injection of 5 mg/kg was injected into the rats for nephrotoxicity. Rats were divided into four groups based on dose conentrations. Blood and urine samples of rats were collected on the 0, 7th, 14th, and 21st days for nephrological analysis. The results showed that Cis + DC/Cis + EP (600 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) increased the body weight and reduced the kidney weight of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats (p < 0.001) as compared to Cis group. The results showed that 600 mg/kg administration of Cis + DC/Cis +EP successfully (p < 0.005) improved the urine and plasmin creatinine, Na, and K level compared to the Cis group. Histopathological results confirmed that Cis + EP/Cis + DC effectively improved the renal abnormalities. It is concluded that the co-administration of Cis + EP extract showed exceptional nephroprotective effects at a dose rate of 600 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Asad Saleem Sial
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rais A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Syed A. A. Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, USA
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