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Liu H, Kong L, Cao D, Zhan X, Gao X, Sun H, Yan G, Zhao Q, Han Y, Wang X. Efficacy and mechanism of the Ermiao San series of formulas for rheumatoid arthritis based on Chinmedomics strategy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155903. [PMID: 39047412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ermiao San Series of Formulas (ESSF) refers to Ermiao San (TS), Sanmiao Wan (TW), and Simiao Wan (FW), which are widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the therapeutic advantages and underlying mechanisms of ESSF treatment are unclear, especially regarding the improper selection of these three formulas when treating RA. PURPOSE To explore the efficacy and mechanisms of ESSF treatment for RA. METHODS Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce RA in rats. Chinmedomics strategy, which included metabolomics, serum pharmacochemistry of TCM, molecular docking, western blotting and qPCR, was applied to reveal the therapeutic advantages, pathways, and targets of ESSF. RESULTS In the early stages of treatment, TS quickly reduced joint swelling and the arthritis score index and regulated pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism and purine metabolism. TW increases the regulation of tryptophan metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism pathways, promoting the recovery of the thymus and spleen. FW increases the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism and has the greatest effect on immune organ and bone recovery. In addition, 54, 67, and 86 bioactive compounds were detected in the serum from TS, TW, and FW, respectively. Berberine, phellodendrine, atractylolide III, limonin, 25R-inokosterone, coixol, and stigmasterol were found to act on the key enzymes COX-2, mPGES-1, ALOX5, and XDH in arachidonic acid metabolism and purine metabolism pathways. Western blot and qPCR results showed that ESSF can reduce the activity of these targets, thereby inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α; the tissue injury factors MMP-3 and CRP; and the rheumatoid factors CCP Ab and RF, thereby achieving anti-RA efficacy. CONCLUSION ESSF has a good therapeutic effect on RA. TS focus on rapid swelling reduction in the early stages of RA, TW focus on the recovery of immune organ function, and FW can be used for bone recovery in the later stage of RA treatment. The key mechanism of treating RA is that ESSF reduces the activity of COX-2, mPGES-1, ALOX5, and XDH. These findings provide valuable guidance for targeted therapy for RA and for the clinical application of ESSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guangli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau.
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Wang Z, Ren Q, Lu Z, Lai M, Xue X, Ouyang H, Yang S, Feng Y. Study on the chemical composition of Gegen-Tianma decoction and its absorbed constituents in rat plasma, brain based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and DESI-MSI. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 251:116446. [PMID: 39197207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicinal practices, Gegen (GG) and Tianma (TM) are widely utilized for headache relief, but their material basis has not been comprehensively characterized. This research utilized ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for precise determination of Gegen-Tianma's (GGTM) material composition, and employed desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) to pinpoint the brain-absorbed components and various metabolites post oral administration to rats. A total of 80 chemical constituents were identified from GGTM, 11 prototypes and 18 metabolites were identified from plasma. The brain tissue was identified in total 4 prototypes and 5 metabolites, these constituents were basically located in the prefrontal cortex and thalamus. The absorption patterns of components in the rat brain aligned with the varied distribution of metabolites within the brain. This study provides a solid theoretical basis for in-depth exploration of potential drug targets and elucidation of the specific mechanism of action of GGTM in the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Qi Ren
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Zhijian Lu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Miao Lai
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China.
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
| | - Shiling Yang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Yuling Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
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Patel K, Patel DK. Biological Importance of Phellodendrine in Traditional and Modern Medicines: An Update on Therapeutic Potential in Medicine. Curr Drug Res Rev 2024; 16:209-218. [PMID: 37488762 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230721153904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicines have been used for the preparation of numerous pharmaceutical products for the treatment of human disorders. Plant-derived products have been used in medicine, nutraceuticals, perfumery, beverages, and cosmetics industries for different purposes. Herbal medicines are mainly derived from different parts of plant materials. Phellodendron bark has been widely known as one of the fundamental herbs of traditional Chinese medicine. Phellodendron bark contains phellodendrine as a main active phytochemical. Phellodendrine ((7S,13aS)-3,10-dimethoxy-7-methyl-6,8,13,13atetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7- ium-2,11-diol), is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid. METHODS This present study aimed to investigate the biological potential and therapeutic effectiveness of phellodendrine in medicine through scientific data analysis of different research works on phellodendrine. The therapeutic value of phellodendrine was analyzed in the present work through scientific data available in Google, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. All the scientific data on phellodendrine were collected from these databases using the terms herbal drugs and phellodendrine. Pharmacological and analytical data of phellodendrine were analyzed in the present work in order to know the medicinal importance of phellodendrine. RESULTS Scientific data analysis of phellodendrine in the present work signified the biological importance of phellodendrine in medicine. Phellodendrine has numerous beneficial aspects in medicine due to its potential benefits in ulcerative colitis, inflammation, pancreatic cancer, nephritis, immune response, acetylcholinesterase activity, psoriasis, arthritis, atopic dermatitis, and oxidative stress. However, it also has significant effects on eicosanoid generation, neuraminidase-1, inflammasome generation, cytochrome p450, taste receptors, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, scientific data has indicated the presence of phellodendrine in different natural sources, including Phellodendri cortex. Analytical data on phellodendrines has signified their importance in the isolation and separation of pure phytochemicals in medicine. Pharmacokinetic parameters have highlighted the tissue distribution of phellodendrine in different tissue of human beings and higher animals. CONCLUSION In the present work, scientific data analysis has indicated the biological importance, pharmacological activities, and analytical aspects of phellodendrine in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu M, Wang J, Chen S, Meng X, Cheng Z, Wang J, Tan Y, Su W, Lu Z, Zhang M, Jia X. Exploring the effect of Er miao San-containing serum on macrophage polarization through miR-33/NLRP3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116178. [PMID: 36708884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
HEADINGS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Er miao San (EMS) has been shown to have good anti-inflammatory effects and is widely used in the clinical treatment of RA. However, the exact mechanism is not completely understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to explore that EMS-containing serum affects M1/M2 polarization of macrophages and may be mediated through the microRNA (miRNA)-33/NLRP3 pathway, thereby elucidating the molecular mechanism of EMS treatment of RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened for safe concentrations of EMS-containing serum by using CCK-8 measurement. RAW264.7 cells were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL) and interferon-γ (20 ng/mL) for 24 h to induce M1-type macrophages. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (5 mM) was added in the last 30 min to activate NLRP3. The content of miR-33 was detected by RT‒qPCR after transfection of the miRNA-33 mimic. The protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and Arginase-1 (Arg-1) were detected by Western blot. The contents of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-18 in serum and cell supernatant were determined by ELISA. The fluorescence intensity of CD86 and CD206 was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The results showed that EMS-containing serum promoted the protein expression level of Arg-1 and the secretion levels of TGF-β and IL-10, inhibited the levels of iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α, and regulated the balance of pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors. RT‒qPCR results showed that EMS-containing serum could reduce the level of miRNA-33. EMS-containing serum could reduce the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and downregulate the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18. These results suggest that EMS exerts its effect on macrophage polarization through the miRNA-33/NLRP3 pathway. CONCLUSION EMS-containing serum inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by downregulating miRNA-33, thus preventing the polarization of M1-type macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Simeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Xiangwen Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Zhiluo Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Yanan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Wenrui Su
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Xia Z, Li Q, Tang Z. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental pharmacology explored Ermiao wan protected against periodontitis via the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB/MAPK signal pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115900. [PMID: 36414214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ermiao Wan (EMW), a classic and famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-based herbal formula combined Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid. (Cortex Phellodendri Chinsis, CP) and Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Rhizoma Atractylodis, RA) with the weight composition of 1:1, has been used for the treatment of periodontitis in China for a long time. However, its efficacy and mechanism of action are still unclear now. AIM OF THE STUDY This study explored the efficacy and pharmaceutical mechanism of action of EMW against periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of EMW against periodontitis was evaluated using the ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) mice, and inflammatory-related factors in gingiva and alveolar bone loss were determined using the qRT-PCR and micro-CT assays. The potential pharmacological mechanisms were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and further confirmed by the qRT-PCR and western blotting assays. RESULTS EMW exhibited inhibitory effects on periodontitis in the LIP mice. Bio-informational analysis showed the core compounds (berberine and chlorogenic acid) targeted the key genes (AKT, MAPK1, MAPK14, NF-κB, TNF, IL-2, and IL1B) through regulating the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB/MAPK signal pathways, which were validated using the qRT-PCR and western blotting assays. CONCLUSIONS EMW could eliminate alveolar bone loss and inhibit inflammation, thereby preventing the development of periodontitis. The mechanism of action may be achieved by regulating the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB/MAPK signal pathways. Therefore, EMW was a potential therapy for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Zhongyan Tang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jin Shan Hospital, Fudan University, 1508 Longhan Road, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Fang S, Gao Y, Fang Y, Sun J, Xie Z. Mechanism Underlying the Action of Berberine in the Treatment of Gouty Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221143627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gouty arthritis (GA) is induced by a purine metabolism disorder and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-related inflammation. Berberine (BBR), extracted from Coptis chinensis, ameliorates MSU-induced GA. However, the mechanisms of BBR against GA remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to identify the key targets and pathways mediating the effects of BBR against GA using network pharmacology. Methods: BBR and GA targets were obtained from several databases, and the network of BBR-GA common targets was visualized using Cytoscape software. Protein–protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using the STRING and Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery databases, respectively. Animal experiments were performed to determine the outcomes of the BBB intervention. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Thirty-three common targets (including NF-κB, RelA, MAPK1, IL-6, and IL-1β) of BBR and GA were identified, and a network of common targets between BBR and GA was constructed. PPI analysis demonstrated that IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, MAPK, and RelA are key targets with high degree values. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed the involvement of inflammation-related biological processes and signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB, MAPK, and TNF signaling pathways. Animal experiments demonstrated that the uric acid, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 serum levels were significantly lower in the BBR group compared with those in hyperuricemic rats. Conclusions: Using systematic network analysis, potential targets mediating the effects of BBR on GA were detected. The pathways and inflammatory factors involved were identified using in vivo experiments, thus providing a reference for further basic research and clinical applications of BBR in the treatment of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Xie
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xia T, Liang X, Liu CS, Hu YN, Luo ZY, Tan XM. Network Pharmacology Integrated with Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Ermiao Wan Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis via Suppressing MAPK and Activating the EGFR/AKT Signaling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4325-4341. [PMID: 36578822 PMCID: PMC9790806 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s384927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ermiao Wan (EMW) is commonly used to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) in China. However, the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the action of EMW against AD remain unclear. Purpose We aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of EMW in the treatment of AD. Methods We evaluated the effect of EMW on AD induced by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in BALB/C mice. To clarify the key components of EMW in AD treatment, the main components of EMW were identified using HPLC. Serum pharmacochemistry was used to analyze the absorbed ingredients from blood. Based on the phytochemical results, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict the action of EMW. Skin transcriptomic analysis was used to validate the network pharmacology results. RT-qPCR,ELISA, and immunohistochemical were performed to validate the results of skin transcriptomics. Results EMW improved the symptoms of AD, with less rashes, less spontaneous scratching, less inflammatory cell infiltration, and fewer allergic reactions. The established HPLC method is simple and reliable. Chlorogenic acid, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, and atractylodin were the key effective ingredients with a high blood concentration. Fifty-seven primary causal targets of EMW against AD were identified. These targets are mainly involved in ErbB signaling pathways including EGFR, AKT1, MAPK8, JUN, MAPK1. Molecular docking showed that EGFR, AKT1, MAPK8, JUN, MAPK1 had good binding force with EMW. In AD mice, EMW regulated the EGFR/AKT signaling through upregulation of Grb2, GAB1, Raf-1, EGFR, and AKT, and downregulation of MAPK1 and JUN, compared to that in the MD group. Conclusion EMW could alleviate AD through activating EGFR/AKT signaling and suppressing MAPK. This study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical use of EMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Shun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Nan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ye Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xiao-Mei Tan, Tel/Fax + 86-020-61648265, Email
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Wang S, Wang Y, Han B, Chen Y, Bai X, Yu S, Liu M. Huanglian ointment alleviates eczema by maintaining the balance of c-Jun and JunB and inhibiting AGE-RAGE-mediated pro-inflammation signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154372. [PMID: 35932609 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huanglian ointment exhibits clinical efficacy for repairing skin barriers and inhibiting skin inflammation, and has been used to ameliorate eczema for many years. However, the active components and mechanism of Huanglian ointment have not yet been elucidated. PURPOSE This study aimed to demonstrate the main active components and molecular mechanisms of Huanglian ointment for the treatment of eczema. METHODS The main active components of Huanglian ointment were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Network pharmacology approach and molecular docking techniques to predict the potential molecular mechanisms of Huanglian ointment alleviating eczema. Furthermore, Biostir-AD®-induced guinea pigs and tumor necrosis α (TNF-α)/interferon γ (IFN-γ)-induced HaCaT cells were employed to investigate the effectiveness and mechanisms of Huanglian ointment using histopathological staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, MTT assay, and western blot analysis. RESULTS Fourteen chemistry components were identified in Huanglian ointment. In total, 78 intersecting gene targets were identified between Huanglian ointment and eczema, including Jun, inflammatory regulators, and chemokine factors. Intersecting gene targets were enriched for cytokine and chemokine receptor binding, and inflammatory related signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that the identified components had a stable binding conformation with core targets. In vivo experiments showed that Huanglian ointment markedly ameliorated eczema-like skin lesions, restored histopathological morphology, and decreased levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin 6. Moreover, Huanglian ointment effectively protected HaCaT cells against TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced cell death and overproduction of thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, macrophage-derived chemokine, and regulated upon activation normal T cell-expressed and secreted factor. Subsequently, we found that Huanglian ointment repaired skin barriers by affecting c-Jun, JunB, and filaggrin expression, and suppressed inflammatory response by inhibiting AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that Huanglian ointment repaired skin barriers and inhibited inflammation by maintaining the balance of c-Jun and JunB, and suppressing AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, thereby relieving eczema. These findings providing a molecular basis for treatment of eczema by Huanglian ointment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, China
| | - Yuanxi Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, China
| | - Bing Han
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, China
| | - Shiting Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, China.
| | - Meichen Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, China.
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Vergoten G, Bailly C. Molecular modeling of alkaloids bouchardatine and orirenierine binding to sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Ma J, Li K, Shi S, Li J, Tang S, Liu L. The Application of UHPLC-HRMS for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922488. [PMID: 35721122 PMCID: PMC9201421 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UHPLC-HRMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry) is a new technique that unifies the application of UHPLC with HRMS. Because of the high sensitivity and good separation ability of UHPLC and the sensitivity of HRMS, this technique has been widely used for structure identification, quantitative determination, fingerprint analysis, and elucidation of the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in recent years. This review mainly outlines the advantages of using UHPLC-HRMS and provides a survey of the research advances on UHPLC-HRMS for the quality control of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyao Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Kailin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Silin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Sunv Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - LiangHong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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11
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Zhu C, Jiang X, Tian J, Chen J, Lin C, Wang C, Tie C, Li M, Wu C. Integrated approach toward absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of Xiaoke pills in zebrafish based on UPLC-HRMS and DESI-MS techniques. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1200:123276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Research on the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of Cangzhu in the treatment of gouty arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 927:175044. [PMID: 35643303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the active ingredients and elucidate the underlying mechanism of action of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC (namely, Cangzhu) for the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA) based on network pharmacology methods. These findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of GA. METHODS We used monosodium urate (MSU)-induced GA rats as a model to test the overall efficacy of Cangzhu in vivo. Then, the components of the Cangzhu decoction were analyzed and identified, and we screened the active ingredients and their targets. The GA disease targets were predicted by GeneCards and Disgenet databases and found to overlap in both databases. The STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network, followed by identification of the hub genes using Network Analyzer. Thereafter, Cytoscape software (version 3.8.2) was applied to construct a network for drug-active ingredient-key targets. Next, we applied cluego, a plug-in of Cytoscape, to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analyses. Additionally, molecular docking was used to verify the characteristics of the key candidate components interacting with the hub therapeutic targets. Finally, we established an inflammatory injury model of LPS using RAW264.7 macrophages and used it to experimentally validate the critical active ingredients. RESULTS Cangzhu effectively protected against gouty arthritis in vivo, and network pharmacology results revealed various active ingredients in Cangzhu, such as wogonin, atractylenolide I and atractylenolide II. These compounds were found to act on 16 hub targets, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), recombinant mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) and transcription factor p65 (RELA), which have significant effects on regulating inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related pathways to improve the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory imbalance in the body, and this may be one of the underlying mechanisms of Cangzhu in anti-GA. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that Cangzhu comprises multiple active components that exert various targeted effects during GA treatment. These findings provide relevant insights to illuminate the mechanism of Cangzhu in the treatment of GA and provide a reference for further experimental research.
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Ouyang X, Li NZ, Guo MX, Zhang MM, Cheng J, Yi LT, Zhu JX. Active Flavonoids From Lagotis brachystachya Attenuate Monosodium Urate-Induced Gouty Arthritis via Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway and NLRP3 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760331. [PMID: 34803702 PMCID: PMC8602055 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lagotis brachystachya Maxim is a characteristic herb commonly used in Tibetan medicine. Tibetan medicine records it as an important medicine for the clinical treatment of “Yellow Water Disease,” the symptoms of which are similar to that of arthritis. Our previous study showed that the flavonoid fraction extracted from L. brachystachya could attenuate hyperuricemia. However, the effects of the active flavonoids on gouty arthritis remain elusive, and the underlying mechanism is not understood. In the present study, the effects of the active flavonoids were evaluated in rats or Raw264.7 cells with gouty arthritis induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal, followed by the detection of TLR4, MyD88, pNF-κB, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) expression. The swelling of the ankle joint induced by MSU crystal began to be relieved 6 h post the administration with the active flavonoids. In addition, the active flavonoids not only alleviated MSU crystal-induced inflammation in synovial tissues by histopathological examination but also reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels in the joint tissue fluid of MSU crystal-induced rats. Furthermore, Western blot analysis indicated that the active flavonoids reduced the production of these cytokines by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and decreasing NLRP3 expression in synovial tissues of rats. More importantly, the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 expression was also confirmed in MSU-induced Raw264.7 cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that the active flavonoids from L. brachystachya could effectively attenuate gouty arthritis induced by MSU crystal through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 expression in vivo and in vitro, suggesting several potential candidates for the treatment of gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ouyang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Na-Zhi Li
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Min-Xia Guo
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Man-Man Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Liang H, Deng P, Ma YF, Wu Y, Ma ZH, Zhang W, Wu JD, Qi YZ, Pan XY, Huang FS, Lv SY, Han JL, Dai WD, Chen Z. Advances in Experimental and Clinical Research of the Gouty Arthritis Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8698232. [PMID: 34721646 PMCID: PMC8550850 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8698232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gouty arthritis (GA) is a multifactorial disease whose pathogenesis is utterly complex, and the current clinical treatment methods cannot wholly prevent GA development. Western medicine is the primary treatment strategy for gouty arthritis, but it owns an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of GA are essential. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been adopted for GA prevention and treatment for thousands of years. Gout patients are usually treated with TCM according to their different conditions, and long-term results can be achieved by improving their physical condition. And TCM has been proved to be an effective method to treat gout in modern China. Nevertheless, the pharmacological mechanism of TCM for gout is still unclear, which limits its spread. The theory of prevention and treatment of gout with TCM is more well acknowledged in China than in abroad. In this article, Chinese herbs and ancient formula for gout were summarized first. A total of more than 570 studies published from 2004 to June 2021 in PubMed, Medline, CNKI, VIP, Web of Science databases and Chinese Pharmacopoeia and traditional Chinese books were searched; the current status of TCM in the treatment of GA was summarized from the following aspects: articular chondrocyte apoptosis inhibition, antioxidative stress response, inflammatory cytokine levels regulation, uric acid excretion promotion, immune function regulation, uric acid reduction, and intestinal flora improvement in subjects with gout. The literature review concluded that TCM has a specific curative effect on the prevention and treatment of GA, particularly when combined with modern medical approaches. However, lacking a uniform definition of GA syndrome differentiation and the support of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice have provoked considerable concern in previous studies, which needs to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pin Deng
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Feng Ma
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhan-Hua Ma
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun-De Wu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yin-Ze Qi
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xu-Yue Pan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fa-Sen Huang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Si-Yuan Lv
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing-Lu Han
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Da Dai
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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