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Tang XM, Xie MX, Gou JL, Chen L, Tian JL, Zhang X, Lu YY, Wang HQ. Antibacterial Activity of Plants in Cirsium: A Comprehensive Review. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3757-2. [PMID: 38532154 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
As ethnic medicine, the whole grass of plants in Cirsium was used as antimicrobial. This review focuses on the antimicrobial activity of plants in Cirsium, including antimicrobial components, against different types of microbes and bacteriostatic mechanism. The results showed that the main antimicrobial activity components in Cirsium plants were flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenolic acids, and the antimicrobial ability varied according to the species and the content of chemicals. Among them, phenolic acids showed a strong antibacterial ability against Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecium. The antibacterial mechanisms include: (1) damaging the cell membrane, cell walls, mitochondria and nucleus of bacteria; (2) inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids; (3) suppressing the synthesis of enzymes for tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways and glycolysis, and then killing the bacteria via inhibition of energy production. Totally, most research results on antimicrobial activity of Cirsium plants are reported based on in vitro assays. The evidence from clinical data and comprehensive evaluation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Ming-Xia Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Jun-Li Gou
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Jin-Long Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - You-Yuan Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
- Ningxia Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
- Ningxia Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Aydın Kurç M, Orak HH, Gülen D, Caliskan H, Argon M, Sabudak T. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy of the Lipophilic Extract of Cirsium vulgare. Molecules 2023; 28:7177. [PMID: 37894654 PMCID: PMC10609082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the compounds in the hexane extract of Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. and to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of different extracts. The Cirsium vulgare (NGBB 7229) plant was collected from Turkey's Trakya region. Crude extracts were obtained using different solvents. The chemical composition of Cirsium vulgare was determined in hexane extract using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the β-carotene bleaching method, and the determination of superoxide anion scavenging activities. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella typhimurium, whereas the antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus fumigatus by applying microdilution methods. A total of 41 bioactive compounds were identified using the GC-MS library. Terpenoids were found to be dominant (52.89%), and lup-20(29)-en-3-yl-acetate and lupeol were the most abundant terpenoids. The highest total flavonoid content (25.73 mg catechin/g) and antioxidant capacity were found in the methanolic extract. The highest antibacterial activity was detected against Bacillus subtilis in the ethyl acetate extract, and the highest antifungal activity was found against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus in the hexane extract. The observed antioxidant characteristics of the C. vulgare extracts could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids. The high antifungal activity of the hexane extract against all fungal strains can be attributed to its constituents, i.e., terpenoids. This study discloses the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, including some bioactive components, of Cirsium vulgare and implies that Cirsium vulgare holds possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Aydın Kurç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Hakime Hülya Orak
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Dumrul Gülen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Hilmican Caliskan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey; (H.C.); (M.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Merve Argon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey; (H.C.); (M.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Temine Sabudak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey; (H.C.); (M.A.); (T.S.)
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Yen PL, Lin TA, Chuah WL, Chang CY, Tseng YH, Huang CY, Yang JC, Hsu FL, Liao VHC. Methanol Extracts from Cirsium japonicum DC. var. australe Kitam. and Their Active Components Reduce Intracellular Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2023; 28:6923. [PMID: 37836767 PMCID: PMC10574689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirsium japonicum DC. var. australe Kitam. has been used as an herbal remedy and often involves using the whole plant or roots. However, the bioactivities of different parts of the plant have been far less explored. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidative ability of methanol extracts from the flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of the Cirsium plant and their possible active components against juglone-induced oxidative stress in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that the highest dry weight (12.3 g per plant) was observed in leaves, which was followed by stems (8.0 g). The methanol extract yields from the flowers, leaves, and roots were all similar (13.0-13.8%), while the yield from stems was the lowest (8.6%). The analysis of the silymarin contents in the extracts indicated that the flowers, leaves, stems, and roots contained silychristin and taxifolin; however, silydianin was only found in the leaves, stems, and roots. The flower, leaf, and stem extracts, at a concentration of 10 mg/L, significantly reduced juglone-induced oxidative stress in C. elegans, which was potentially due to the presence of silychristin and taxifolin. Overall, C. japonicum DC. var. australe Kitam. contains a significant amount of silymarin and exhibits in vivo antioxidative activity, suggesting that the prospects for the plant in terms of health supplements or as a source of silymarin are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Yen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan; (P.-L.Y.); (T.-A.L.); (W.L.C.)
| | - Ting-An Lin
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan; (P.-L.Y.); (T.-A.L.); (W.L.C.)
| | - Wei Lin Chuah
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan; (P.-L.Y.); (T.-A.L.); (W.L.C.)
| | - Chih-Yi Chang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Hsueh Tseng
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53, Nanhai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (J.-C.Y.)
| | - Chia-Yin Huang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53, Nanhai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (J.-C.Y.)
| | - Jeng-Chuann Yang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53, Nanhai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (J.-C.Y.)
| | - Fu-Lan Hsu
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53, Nanhai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (J.-C.Y.)
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan; (P.-L.Y.); (T.-A.L.); (W.L.C.)
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Guzmán-Gutiérrez SL, Reyes-Chilpa R, González-Diego LR, Silva-Miranda M, López-Caamal A, García-Cruz KP, Jiménez-Mendoza MS, Arciniegas A, Espitia C. Five centuries of Cirsium ehrenbergii Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) in Mexico, from Huitzquilitl to Cardo Santo: History, ethnomedicine, pharmacology and chemistry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115778. [PMID: 36202165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Several medicinal plants, including the endemic herb Cirsum ehrenbergii (Asteraceae), have been documented in manuscripts, medical and botanical books written in Mexico since the XVI century until the present. This unique circumstance is a real window in the time that allows to investigate historical and contemporary ethnopharmacological knowledge. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the persistence, disappearance, and transformation of ethnomedicinal knowledge of C. ehrenbergii along time. Also, to investigate the chemistry and pharmacology of this species in relation to its historical and present day main ethnomedical applications related to Central Nervous System and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thorough review was performed of written sources of medicinal plants from XVI and onwards. For the pharmacological studies, the organic extracts were tested in mice models to assess its antidepressant and anti-inflammatory properties. The active extracts were studied chemically. The isolated compounds were identified by 1H, 13C NMR, or characterized by GC-MS. RESULTS Cirsum ehrenbergii was illustrated for the first time (1552) in the Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (Booklet of Medicinal Plants of the Indians) and named in the Nahuatl native language as huitzquilitl (edible thistle). It was there recommended as nigris sanguinis remedium (remedy for black blood), and for the treatment of illnesses with an inflammatory component. Nigris sanguinis was well known in the European medicine of that time and currently it has been interpreted as "depression". At the present time, peasants and native population in Mexico mainly name C. ehrenbergii in Spanish as cardo Santo (holy thistle). Its original Nahuatl name has been almost forgotten. However, these communities use this species, among other maladies, to heal "nervios" (anxiety and/or depression) and for anti-inflammatory purposes. These ailments and treatments resemble those recorded in the Libellus and in several medicinal plant books along centuries. The ethanol extract of C. ehrenbergii roots showed antidepressant-like activity in mice administered at 300 mg/kg, as indicated by the forced swim test (FST). The glycosylated flavonoid linarin was identified as antidepressant principle and was active at the doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg in the FST. Regarding to anti-inflammatory activity, the most active was the methylene chloride extract of the aerial parts, which contains taraxasterol, pseudotaraxasterol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. CONCLUSIONS Cirsium ehrenbergii extracts possess antidepressant-like (roots, EtOH) and anti-inflammatory (aerial parts, CH2Cl2) properties, containing active compounds. Our results sustain historical and present day ethnomedical applications of this species documented along five centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Laura Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- CONACyT - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Escolar S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Laura Rigel González-Diego
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mayra Silva-Miranda
- CONACyT - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Escolar S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfredo López-Caamal
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karla Paola García-Cruz
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Sofía Jiménez-Mendoza
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Amira Arciniegas
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Clara Espitia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Departamento de Inmunología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and the Biodiscovery Potential of the Genus Cirsium. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich in phytochemicals, which have been used as a source of raw material in medicine since ancient times. Presently they are mostly used to treat Henoch–Schonlein purpura, hemoptysis, and bleeding. The manuscript covers the classification, traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, herbal formulations, and patents of Cirsium. The main goal of this review is to impart recent information to facilitate future comprehensive research and use of Cirsium for the development of therapeutics. We investigated numerous databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis imprints, and books on ethnopharmacology. The plants of the genus Cirsium of the family Asteraceae contain 350 species across the world. Phytochemical investigations showed that it contains flavonoids, phenols, polyacetylenes, and triterpenoids. The biological potential of this plant is contributed by these secondary metabolites. Cirsium plants are an excellent and harmless agent for the cure of liver diseases; therefore, they might be a good clinical option for the development of therapeutics for hepatic infections. The phytochemical studies of different Cirsium species and their renowned pharmacological activities could be exploited for pharmaceutic product development. Furthermore, studies are required on less known Cirsium species, particularly on the elucidation of the mode of action of their activities.
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