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Wu X, Hu S, Jia N, Zhang C, Liu C, Song J, Kuai L, Jiang W, Li B, Chen Q. Accurate network pharmacology and novel ingredients formula of herbal targeting estrogen signaling for psoriasis intervention. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118099. [PMID: 38554853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, psoriasis is incompletely understood and brings a lot of distress to patients. The estrogen signaling pathway has been implicated in its pathogenesis, making it a potential therapeutic target. Si Cao Formula (SCF) has demonstrated promise in treating psoriasis clinically. However, its molecular mechanisms concerning psoriasis remain largely unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the action of SCF on psoriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Active ingredients were identified by LC-MS/MS. After the treatment with SCF, the exploration of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were conducted using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics analysis. By GO/KEGG, WikiPathways and network pharmacology, core signaling pathway and protein targets were explored. Consequently, major signaling pathway and protein targets were validated by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Based on Lipinski's Rule of Five rules and molecular docking, 8 active compounds were identified that acted on the core targets. RESULTS 41 compounds of SCF and 848 specific targets of these compounds were identified. There were 570 DEPs between IMQ (Imiquimod) and IMQ + SCF group, including 279 up-regulated and 304 down-regulated proteins. GO/KEGG, WikiPathways and network pharmacology revealed estrogen signaling pathway as the paramount pathways, through which SCF functioned on psoriasis. We further show novel ingredients formula of SCF contributes to estrogen signaling intervention, including liquiritin, parvisoflavone B, glycycoumarin, 8-prenylluteone, licochalcone A, licochalcone B, oxymatrine, and 13-Hydroxylupanine, where targeting MAP2K1, ILK, HDAC1 and PRKACA, respectively. Molecular docking proves that they have good binding properties. CONCLUSION Our results provide an in-depth view of psoriasis pathogenesis and herbal intervention, which expands our understanding of the systemic pharmacology to reveal the multiple ingredients and multiple targets of SCF and focus on one pathway (estrogen signaling pathway) may be a novel therapeutic strategy for psoriasis treatment of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Changya Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jiankun Song
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Wencheng Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Qilong Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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Wang G, Xue T, Zheng Q, Song X, Zhang Y, Shen F, Wang X, Jiang W, Kuai L, Xie S, Ma X, Chen X, Li B. Qinzhuliangxue mixture ameliorates psoriasis by restraining apoptosis in psoriasis via downregulating the MDA-5 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118059. [PMID: 38508430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoriasis is characterized by hyperkeratosis that produces the classic silvery scales, and the pathogenesis of psoriasis involves abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. Emerging evidence supports that apoptosis regulates keratinocyte proliferation and formation of stratum corneum, which maintains the homeostasis of the skin. Qinzhuliangxue mixture (QZLX) is a representative formula for the treatment of psoriasis, which was earliest recorded in the classic Chinese medicine book Xia's Surgery. In our previous clinical studies, QZLX demonstrated 83.33% efficacy with few side effects in the treatment of psoriasis. Furthermore, our published basic research has also proved that the QZLX mixture effectively inhibits the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, thus exerting therapeutic effects on psoriasis. However, whether QZLX mixture can regulate keratinocytes apoptosis requires further clarification. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of QZLX in the treatment of psoriasis from the perspective of keratinocyte apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, psoriasis-like mice with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced were given QZLX intragastric administration and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores were recored for 11 consecutive days to appraise the efficacy. Then, tissue samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. The DEseq2 method detected significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway databases were used to analyze the functions and pathway enrichment of DEGs. After that, the therapeutic mechanisms of QZLX in intervening with psoriasis were explored using TUNEL, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting. RESULTS QZLX ameliorated the symptoms and pathological characteristics of IMQ-induced psoriasis in mice. The epidermal cell hyperplasia in the skin was inhibited, in accordance with the suppressed expression of PCNA and Ki67 after treatment. Transcriptome sequencing showed that melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 (MDA-5) was downregulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the signaling pathways indicated that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in apoptosis pathways. Besides, QZLX treatment decreased the apoptosis of keratinocyte as shown by reduced TUNEL-positive cells. As MDA-5 protein levels decreased, so did the expression of the downstream protein Caspase-8, which indicates that the apoptotic pathway was triggered. Furthermore, QZLX therapy might also help to balance the apoptotic Bcl-2 family expression. CONCLUSION QZLX restrains the apoptosis of keratinocyte in psoriasis-like mice by downregulating the MDA-5 pathway. The restoration of the balance between cell apoptosis and proliferation in the skin may lead to considerable psoriasis relief. Our study reveals the possible molecular processes behind the effects of QZLX therapy on the skin lesions of psoriasis, and lends support to its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomi Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Tingting Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wencheng Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; China Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaoqiong Xie
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; China Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Yu C, Li Y, Li Y, Li S, Zeng F, Yu J, Ji Z, Li K, Zhai H. A novel mechanism for regulating lung immune homeostasis: Zukamu granules alleviated acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulating Th17/Treg cytokine balance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117831. [PMID: 38280662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severely acute lung inflammation with high morbidity and mortality. Zukamu granules (ZKMG) is one of the Uygur patent drugs commonly used in clinic, which is included in the National Essential Drugs List (2018 edition). Clinical studies have shown that ZKMG has a significant effect on acute upper respiratory tract infection, and has better anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, the immunomodulatory mechanism of ZKMG on ALI is still not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the lung protective effect and immunomodulatory mechanism of ZKMG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced ALI mice, and to provide an important basis for the treatment strategy and theoretical basis of ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, network pharmacology was used to predict the potential signaling pathways and biological processes of ZKMG related to immunology. Molecular docking technique was used to predict the possibility between the core components of ZKMG acting on NLRP3 protein. In addition, protein levels of F4/80 in lung tissues were assessed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). The contents of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-17A and IL-10 in the lung tissue and serum, MPO in the lung tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time quantitative PCR analysis (RT-qPCR) was used to detect NLRP3 mRNA in lung tissue. Protein levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, Cleaved caspase-1 p20, ASC, and GSDMD were detected by Western blot (WB). RESULTS The results of network pharmacology showed that the immune pathways of ZKMG were mainly Th17 signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. Molecular docking results showed that the core components of ZKMG had good binding ability to NLRP3 protein. The verification experiments showed that ZKMG can reduce the degree of lung injury, and reduce the level of inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages by reducing the content of MPO and F4/80. In addition, ZKMG can reduce NLRP3 mRNA, inhibit the expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD and other related pathway proteins, and reduce inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. It can also reduce the content of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A, increase the content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in lung tissue. CONCLUSION ZKMG can reduce the degree of lung tissue injury in ALI by inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway and restoring the IL-17A/IL-10 cytokine balance, and its protective mechanism may be related to the regulation of lung immune homeostasis. It will provide a new strategy for studying the regulation of lung immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqian Yu
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Fengping Zeng
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Institute of Traditional Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Zhihong Ji
- New Cicon Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Urumchi, 830001, China
| | - Keao Li
- New Cicon Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Urumchi, 830001, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhai
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Institute of Traditional Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Wu X, Zheng Q, Shen F, Song J, Luo Y, Fei X, Jiang W, Xie S, Ma X, Kuai L, Wang R, Ding X, Li M, Luo Y, Li B. The therapeutic efficacy and mechanism action of Si Cao formula in the treatment of psoriasis: A pilot clinical investigation and animal validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117662. [PMID: 38160866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoriasis is a chronic inflammation and relapsing disease that affected approximately 100 million individuals worldwide. In previous clinical study, it was observed that the topical application of Si Cao Formula (SCF) ameliorated psoriasis skin lesions and reduced the recurrence rate of patients over a period of three months. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of SCF in patients diagnosed with psoriasis and explore the molecular mechanisms that contribute to SCF's therapeutic efficacy in psoriasis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, controlled, and pilot clinical study was performed. This study assessed 30 individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. 15 of them underwent local SCF treatment, the others received calcipotriol intervention. The outcome measure focused on Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and recurrence rate. In addition, IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mice model were used to assess the impact of SCF on ameliorating epidermal hyperplasia, suppressing angiogenesis, and modulating immune response. Furthermore, we performed bioinformatics analysis on transcriptome data obtained from skin lesions of mice model. This analysis allowed us to identify the targets and signaling pathways associated with the action of SCF. Subsequently, we conducted experimental validation to confirm the core targets. RESULTS Our clinical pilot study demonstrated that SCF could ameliorate skin lesions in psoriasis patients with comparable efficacy of calcipotriol in drop of PASI and DLQI scores. SCF exhibited a significantly reduced recurrence rate within 12 weeks (33.3%). Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) identified 41 active constituents of SCF (26 cations and 15 anions). Animal experiments showed SCF ameliorates the skin lesions of IMQ-induced psoriasis like mice model and suppresses epidermal hyperkeratosis and angiogenesis. There were 845 up-regulated and 764 down-regulated DEGs between IMQ and IMQ + SCF groups. GO analysis revealed that DEGs were linked to keratinization, keratinocyte differentiation, organic acid transport epidermal cell differentiation, and carboxylic acid transport interferon-gamma production. KEGG pathway analysis showed that SCF may play a vital part through IL-17 and JAK/STAT signaling pathway. In addition, SCF could reduce the number of positive cells expressing PCNA, CD31, pSTAT3, CD3, and F4/80 within the epidermis of psoriatic lesions, as well as the expression of Il-17a and Stat3 in IMQ-induced psoriasis mice. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that SCF serves as a reliable and efficient local approach for preventing and treating psoriasis. The discovery of plausible molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets associated with SCF may support its broad implementation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jiankun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xiaoya Fei
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Wencheng Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Shaoqiong Xie
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xiaojie Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Li Y, Li S, Gu M, Liu G, Li Y, Ji Z, Li K, Wang Y, Zhai H, Wang Y. Application of network composite module analysis and verification to explore the bidirectional immunomodulatory effect of Zukamu granules on Th1 / Th2 cytokines in lung injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115674. [PMID: 36064149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zukamu granules (ZKMG), as the preferred drug for the treatment of colds in Uygur medical theory, has been used for 1500 years. It is also widely used in China and included in the National Essential Drugs List (2018 edition). It has unique anti-inflammatory, antitussive and analgesic effects. AIM OF THE STUDY Aiming at the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the characteristics of overall regulation of body diseases and the immune regulation mechanism with the concept of integrity, this paper put forward the integrated application of network composite module analysis and animal experiment verification to study the immune regulation mechanism of TCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active components and targets of ZKMG were predicted, and network module analysis was performed to explore their potential immunomodulatory mechanisms. Then acute lung injury (ALI) mice and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) rats were used as pathological models to observe the effects of ZKMG on the pathological conditions of infected ALI and IPF rats, determine the contents of Th1, Th2 characteristic cytokines and immunoglobulins, and study the intervention of GATA3/STAT6 signal pathway. RESULTS The results of network composite module analysis showed that ZKMG contained 173 pharmacodynamic components and 249 potential targets, and four key modules were obtained. The immunomodulatory effects of ZKMG were related to T cell receptor signaling pathway. The validation results of bioeffects that ZKMG could carry out bidirectional immune regulation on Th1/Th2 cytokines in the stage of ALI and IPF, so as to play the role of regulating immune homeostasis and organ protection. CONCLUSIONS The network composite module analysis and verification method is an exploration to study the immune regulation mechanism of TCM by combining the network module prediction analysis with animal experiments, which provides a reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Min Gu
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoxiu Liu
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhihong Ji
- New Cicon Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Urumchi, 830001, China
| | - Keao Li
- New Cicon Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Urumchi, 830001, China.
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhai
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Institute of Traditional Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Yongyan Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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