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Zhang J, Chen T, Wen Y, Siah KTH, Tang X. Insights and future prospects of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155481. [PMID: 38452693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent and challenging gastrointestinal disorder. Conventional medicine often faces limitations in providing effective treatment for FD, thus indicating the need to explore alternative approaches. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is rooted in ancient Chinese traditions and has evolved over thousands of years, offers a holistic approach to well-being. TCM incorporates herbal remedies, acupuncture, and other therapies while shaping the future of complementary and alternative medicine. PURPOSE To review the existing literature on the current status and future prospects of using TCM to treat FD. METHODS We extensively searched the PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, an China National Knowledge Internet databases from inception to May 31, 2023 to identify relevant literature. We also searched the reference lists of the included articles. RESULTS Clinical evidence-based research has explored the efficacy of TCM in treating FD. Recent research has illuminated the multifaceted mechanisms through which TCM interventions affect FD. TCM is a promising alternative, as it emphasizes a holistic approach and holds potential advantages in addressing the complex nature of FD. CONCLUSIONS The integration of TCM and Western medicine offers a comprehensive approach to understanding and managing FD by bridging traditional wisdom with modern scientific understanding. This paper highlights the practical implications of this integration, the challenges to be addressed, and the potential for international collaboration to further elucidate the efficacy of TCM. However, continued research and dialog are needed to advance the modern development of TCM and to improve the quality of life of FD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtian Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ha J, Youn I, Han Y, Kim J, Kim S, Jin H, Kang JW, Leem J. Firefighters' medical use and Korean Medicine experience in Korea: A qualitative study protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300532. [PMID: 38527034 PMCID: PMC10962829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Firefighters, compared to other occupational groups, are exposed more frequently in their working environment not only to physical issues, such as musculoskeletal disease, respiratory disease, and burns but also to mental health issues, such as PTSD and depression. Specifically, Korean firefighters experience significantly higher rates of work-related injuries compared to those in other countries. Recent statistics from the Korea National Fire Agency indicate a steady increase in the number of firefighting work-related injuries. However, there is a shortage of measures in place to address these issues. This study aims to investigate the health needs, overall healthcare usage, and unmet needs of firefighters in Korea. We also aim to investigate, through in-depth interviews, perceptions and hindering factors for integrative medicine approaches to fulfilling unmet needs. METHOD This study was conducted in accordance with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Convenience and snowball sampling methods will be used to recruit firefighters to participate in the study, and interviews will be conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. The data will be analyzed in four stages using the qualitative analysis method of Krippendorff. DISCUSSION In this study, we examine the state of health issues and healthcare usage among Korean firefighters and investigate their perceptions of and needs for integrative medicine. In this way, we aim to explore how integrative medicine and Korean medicine approaches could improve and assist healthcare services for firefighters. Furthermore, our findings will provide policymakers and healthcare providers with the necessary basic information to develop integrative medicine systems suited to firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Ha
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Youn
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Han
- College of AI convergence, Donggkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine of Korean Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoong Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbit Jin
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Kang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Leem
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Ha NY, Ko SJ, Park JW, Kim J. Efficacy and safety of the herbal formula Naesohwajung-tang for functional dyspepsia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157535. [PMID: 37251334 PMCID: PMC10213234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Current treatment and management options for functional dyspepsia (FD) often fail to alleviate symptoms. Naesohwajung-tang (NHT) is a herbal formula frequently used to treat functional dyspepsia in traditional Korean medicine. However, few animal and case reports on the use of Naesohwajung-tang for functional dyspepsia treatment exist, and the clinical evidence remains deficient. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Naesohwajung-tang in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods: We enrolled 116 patients with functional dyspepsia at two study sites in this 4 weeks, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and randomly assigned them to either the Naesohwajung-tang or placebo group. To evaluate the efficacy of Naesohwajung-tang, the primary endpoint was a score on the total dyspepsia symptom (TDS) scale after treatment. The overall treatment effect (OTE), single dyspepsia symptom (SDS) scale, food retention questionnaire (FRQ), Damum questionnaire (DQ), functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL) questionnaire, and gastric myoelectrical activity measured using electrogastrography were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Laboratory tests were performed to confirm the safety of the intervention. Results: The 4 weeks administration of Naesohwajung-tang granules demonstrated a significantly higher reduction in the total dyspepsia symptom (p < 0.05) and a higher degree of improvement in the total dyspepsia symptom (p < 0.01) than the placebo group. Patients who underwent Naesohwajung-tang had a significantly higher overall treatment effect and a greater increase in the degree of improvement in scores such as epigastric burning, postprandial fullness, early satiation, functional dyspepsia-related quality of life, and Damum questionnaire (p < 0.05). Additionally, the Naesohwajung-tang group showed a greater effect in preventing a decrease in the percentage of normal gastric slow waves after meals than the placebo group. As a result of subgroup analyses using the degree of improvement in total dyspepsia symptom, Naesohwajung-tang was found to be more effective than placebo in female, younger patients (<65 years), with a high body-mass index (≥22), overlap type, food retention type, and Dampness and heat in the spleen and stomach systems pattern. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. Conclusion: This is the first randomized clinical trial to verify that Naesohwajung-tang leads on symptom relief in patients with functional dyspepsia. Clinical Trial Registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/17613, identifier KCT0003405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Ha
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ho L, Xu Y, Zhang NL, Ho FF, Wu IXY, Chen S, Liu X, Wong CHL, Ching JYL, Cheong PK, Yeung WF, Wu JCY, Chung VCH. Quantification of prevalence, clinical characteristics, co-existence, and geographic variations of traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic patterns via latent tree analysis-based differentiation rules among functional dyspepsia patients. Chin Med 2022; 17:101. [PMID: 36038888 PMCID: PMC9425972 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment strategies are guided by pattern differentiation, as documented in the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). However, no standards for pattern differentiation are proposed to ensure inter-rater agreement. Without standardisation, research on associations between TCM diagnostic patterns, clinical features, and geographical characteristics is also not feasible. This diagnostic cross-sectional study aimed to (i) establish the pattern differentiation rules of functional dyspepsia (FD) using latent tree analysis (LTA); (ii) compare the prevalence of diagnostic patterns in Hong Kong and Hunan; (iii) discover the co-existence of diagnostic patterns; and (iv) reveal the associations between diagnostic patterns and FD common comorbidities. Methods A total of 250 and 150 participants with FD consecutively sampled in Hong Kong and Hunan, respectively, completed a questionnaire on TCM clinical features. LTA was performed to reveal TCM diagnostic patterns of FD and derive relevant pattern differentiation rules. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to quantify correlations between different diagnostic patterns and between diagnostic patterns and clinical and geographical variables. Results At least one TCM diagnostic pattern was differentiated in 70.7%, 73.6%, and 64.0% of the participants in the overall (n = 400), Hong Kong (n = 250), and Hunan (n = 150) samples, respectively, using the eight pattern differentiation rules derived. 52.7% to 59.6% of the participants were diagnosed with two or more diagnostic patterns. Cold-heat complex (59.8%) and spleen-stomach dampness-heat (77.1%) were the most prevalent diagnostic patterns in Hong Kong and Hunan, respectively. Spleen-stomach deficiency cold was highly likely to co-exist with spleen-stomach qi deficiency (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 53.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.77 to 130.16). Participants with severe anxiety tended to have liver qi invading the stomach (AOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.33). Conclusions Future updates of the ICD, textbooks, and guidelines should emphasise the importance of clinical and geographical variations in TCM diagnosis. Location-specific pattern differentiation rules should be derived from local data using LTA. In future, patients’ pattern differentiation results, local prevalence of TCM diagnostic patterns, and corresponding TCM treatment choices should be accessible to practitioners on online clinical decision support systems to streamline service delivery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00656-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yulong Xu
- School of Information Technology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nevin L Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fai Fai Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene X Y Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 5/F, 238 Shang-Ma-Yuan-Ling Alley, Kai-Fu District, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuijiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Charlene H L Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jessica Y L Ching
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pui Kuan Cheong
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Fai Yeung
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Justin C Y Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent C H Chung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Luo X, Wang L, Fang S, Qing X, Jiang T, Yang Y, Su X, Wei W. Chinese Herbal Medicine for Functional Dyspepsia With Psychological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:933290. [PMID: 35911981 PMCID: PMC9330302 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.933290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Functional dyspepsia (FD) is closely associated with gut–brain interaction disorder (DGBI), characterized by the interaction of gastrointestinal symptoms and central nervous system dysregulation. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has a good concurrent effect in the treatment of FD, especially for patients with concurrent psychological disorders. A meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHMs in the treatment of FD. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biological Medical Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) were searched to collect randomized controlled trials of FD treated with CHM. The retrieval time limit is from the establishment of the database till 11 April 2022. Two researchers independently searched databases, screened documents, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 11 studies including 951 patients were included. The study was divided into two parts. The first part included 5 clinical trials, including 471 patients. The experimental group was treated only with CHM and the control group was only treated with placebo. The results of first part showed that the total effective rate of CHM in the treatment of FD was higher than that in the placebo group (84.5 vs. 49.4%) [relative risk (RR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.13, 2.75); P = 0.01]. In addition, CHM treatment could reduce the total symptom score [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −10.05; 95% CI (−13.50, −6.59); Z = 5.70; P < 0.0001] and depression score [SMD = −7.68; 95% CI (−14.43, −0.94); Z = 2.23; P = 0.03]. The second part included 6 clinical trials, including 480 patients. The experimental group was only treated with CHM and the control group was treated with prokinetic agents combined with flupentixol melitracen (deanxit). The results of second part showed that the total effective rate of CHM in the treatment of FD was higher than that of the control group (92.6 vs. 78.8%) [RR = 1.17; 95% CI (1.09, 1.26), P < 0.0001]. In addition, CHM treatment could reduce HAMA score [mean difference (MD) = −3.19; 95% CI (−3.79, −2.59); Z = 10.40; P < 0.00001], HAMD score [MD = −4.32; 95% CI (−6.04, −2.61); Z = 4.94; P < 0.00001], and gastric emptying rate [MD = 12.62; 95% CI (5.84, 19.40); Z = 3.65; P = 0.0003]. The results of the two parts of the meta-analysis showed no serious adverse reactions, and there was no significant difference in the adverse reactions between the experimental group and the control group [MD = 1.14; 95% CI (0.53, 2.42); Z = 0.33; P = 0.74]; [MD = 0.14; 95% CI (0.01, 2.67); Z = 1.30; P = 0.19]. Conclusion The current evidence shows that CHM treatment has great potential and safety in alleviating the symptoms of FD and improving the psychological disorders of anxiety and depression in patients with FD. Limited by the quantity and quality of the included studies and other biases, the above conclusions need more high-quality studies to be verified. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier [CRD42022311129].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangli Qing
- Graduate School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyuan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiaolan Su,
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wei,
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Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Postprandial Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6969960. [PMID: 35692506 PMCID: PMC9184157 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6969960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of acupuncture treatment for postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). Methods Search the Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases with acupuncture randomized controlled trials for the treatment of patients with PDS. Strictly according to inclusion and exclusion quality assessment standards, the qualified ones are used to study the optimum extraction and data by two independent reviewers. Stata 15.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Result We initially identified 63 studies, of which five (1253 participants) were eventually included in our analysis. There were 643 cases in the experimental group and 610 cases in the control group. Acupuncture had a significant effect on the total therapeutic effect (OTE) at week 4 (OR 4.74, 95% CI 02.88-7.83, Z = 6.10, P = 0 < 0.05). Significantly improved NDI (Nepean dyspepsia index) scores of PDS patients at week 4 (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.74). Significantly improved NDI scores in PDS patients at week 16 (SMD 0.49, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.71). After acupuncture treatment, the SID (dyspepsia symptom index) score of PDS patients decreased significantly at week 4 (SMD-0.52, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.32) and week 16 (SMD-0.59, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.36). Postprandial satiety scores (SMD-0.63, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.50) and early satiety scores (SMD-0.51, 95% CI -0.64 to -0.37) were also significantly lower at week 4 after acupuncture. Conclusion This study highlighted that the acupuncture could significantly improve the overall therapeutic effect of PDS patients, alleviate the symptoms of postprandial fullness and early satiety, and improve the quality of life of patients. Our results supported that acupuncture was an effective therapeutic strategy for postprandial distress syndrome.
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Ho L, Zhong CCW, Wong CHL, Wu JCY, Chan KKH, Wu IXY, Leung TH, Chung VCH. Chinese herbal medicine for functional dyspepsia: a network meta-analysis of prokinetic-controlled randomised trials. Chin Med 2021; 16:140. [PMID: 34930390 PMCID: PMC8691044 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prokinetic is the first-line conventional treatment for functional dyspepsia (FD) in Asia despite potential adverse events. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) may be an effective and safe substitution. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different CHM formulae for FD against prokinetics. METHODS Seven international and Chinese databases were searched from their inception to July 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on CHM versus prokinetics. Data from each RCT were first pooled using random-effect pairwise meta-analyses and illustrated as risk difference (RD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Random-effect NMAs were then performed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of CHM formulae and displayed as RD with 95% CI or SMD with 95% credible interval (CrI). The GRADE partially contextualised framework was applied for NMA result interpretation. RESULTS Twenty-six unique CHM formulae were identified from twenty-eight RCTs of mediocre quality. Pairwise meta-analyses indicated that CHM was superior to prokinetics in alleviating global symptoms at 4-week follow-up (pooled RD: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.10-0.19), even after trim and fill adjustment for publication bias. NMAs demonstrated that Modified Zhi Zhu Decoction may have a moderate beneficial effect on alleviating global symptoms at 4-week follow-up (RD: 0.28; 95% CI: - 0.03 to 0.75). Xiao Pi Kuan Wei Decoction may have a large beneficial effect on alleviating postprandial fullness (SMD: - 2.14; 95% CI: - 2.76 to 0.70), early satiety (SMD: - 3.90; 95% CI: - 0.68 to - 0.42), and epigastric pain (SMD: - 1.23; 95% CI: - 1.66 to - 0.29). No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Modified Zhi Zhu Decoction and Xiao Pi Kuan Wei Decoction may be considered as an alternative for patients unresponsive to prokinetics. Confirmatory head-to-head trials should be conducted to investigate their comparative effectiveness against prokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Claire C W Zhong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Charlene H L Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Justin C Y Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Karina K H Chan
- United Christian Nethersole Community Health Service, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinic Cum Training and Research Centre (Tai Po District), Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Irene X Y Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ting Hung Leung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent C H Chung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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