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de Oliveira Marinho A, Alves da Costa J, Silva Dos Santos AN, Cavalcanti de Barros M, Pimentel CDN, Arnaldo da Silva A, Guedes Paiva PM, Napoleão TH, Leite de Siqueira Patriota L. Assessment of acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity of SteLL, a lectin from Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi. Leaves, in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118496. [PMID: 38936643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), known as Brazilian pepper tree, stands out as a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine. The leaves are popularly used as anti-inflammatory agent and to relieve inflammatory conditions such as bronchitis, ulcers, and wounds, for example. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study evaluated the acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity of S. terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) in mice (Mus musculus). MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute toxicity assay, the animals were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (per os) with a single dose of 100 mg/kg. Genotoxicity was assessed by the comet and micronucleus assays. Carrageenan-induced peritonitis and paw edema models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of SteLL (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.). RESULTS No animal died and no signs of intoxication or histopathological damage were observed in the acute toxicity assay. Genotoxic effect was not detected. In peritonitis assay, SteLL reduced in 56-69% leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity; neutrophil count decreased by 25-32%, while mononuclear cell count increased by 67-74%. SteLL promoted a notable reduction of paw edema after 4 h (61.1-63.4%). Morphometric analysis showed that SteLL also decreased the thickness of epidermal edema (30.2-40.7%). Furthermore, SteLL decreased MPO activity, plasma leakage, NO release, and modulated cytokines in both peritoneal fluid and paw homogenate. CONCLUSION SteLL did not induce acute toxicity or genotoxicity in mice and stands out as a promising candidate in the development of new phytopharmaceuticals with anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Oliveira Marinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jainaldo Alves da Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Matheus Cavalcanti de Barros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Anderson Arnaldo da Silva
- Departamento de Anatomia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Bodnar RJ. Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2023. Peptides 2024; 179:171268. [PMID: 38943841 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This paper is the forty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2023 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug and alcohol abuse (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Psychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA.
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Raíssa Ferreira de Lima B, Leite de Siqueira Patriota L, de Oliveira Marinho A, Alves da Costa J, Henrique Napoleão T, Melgarejo da Rosa M, Maria Guedes Paiva P. The lectin from Schinus terebinthifolia leaf (SteLL) reduces immobility of mice on the tail suspension test dependent on the monoaminergic and nitric oxide signaling. Neurosci Lett 2023; 801:137092. [PMID: 36690060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Depression underlies a common psychiatric disorder that has been rising in the diagnosis of long-term disabilities worldwide. Natural products have been studied as an antidepressant and anxiolytic agents aiming to make available new options for the daily basis treatment of those psychological disorders. SteLL is a lectin extracted from Schinus terebinthifolia leaf that has been revealed as an antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and antinociceptive agent. Nonetheless, the efficacy of SteLL in the treatment of depression has not yet been explored. In view of this, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SteLL in an acute protocol for symptoms of depression using the tail suspension test (TST) to assess despair. Administration of SteLL (1, 2 e 4 mg/kg) significantly diminished the immobility time of animals in the TST and this anti-immobility action was dependent on the carbohydrate-recognizing domain (CRD) since the prior incubation with casein (an inhibitor of SteLL carbohydrate-binding property) blocked the effect. SteLL effect was also reversed by pre-treatment with pharmacological antagonists of α2-adrenoceptor, 5-HT2A/2C serotonin receptor, and D1 dopamine receptor as well as by a selective inhibitor of iNOS (aminoguanidine). l-arginine, a precursor of NO, potentiated SteLL anti-immobility effect. In a subacute evaluation, the anti-immobility effect of SteLL persisted after seven days of treatment. Our findings suggest a role of SteLL in the modulation of depression mostly through monoaminergic and nitric oxide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jainaldo Alves da Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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Nunes MAS, Silva LDS, Santos DM, Cutrim BDS, Vieira SL, Silva ISS, Castelo Branco SJDS, do Nascimento MDS, Vale AAM, dos Santos-Azevedo APS, Zagmignan A, Sousa JCDS, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, Monteiro-Neto V, Nascimento da Silva LC. Schinus terebinthifolius Leaf Lectin (SteLL) Reduces the Bacterial and Inflammatory Burden of Wounds Infected by Staphylococcus aureus Promoting Skin Repair. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111441. [PMID: 36422571 PMCID: PMC9697850 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in wound infections where this pathogen impairs skin repair. The lectin isolated from leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius (named SteLL) has antimicrobial and antivirulence action against S. aureus. This study evaluated the effects of topical administration of SteLL on mice wounds infected by S. aureus. Seventy-two C57/BL6 mice (6−8 weeks old) were allocated into four groups: (i) uninfected wounds; (ii) infected wounds, (iii) infected wounds treated with 32 µg/mL SteLL solution; (iv) infected wounds treated with 64 µg/mL SteLL solution. The excisional wounds (64 mm2) were induced on the dorsum and infected by S. aureus 432170 (4.0 × 106 CFU/wound). The daily treatment started 1-day post-infection (dpi). The topical application of both SteLL concentrations significantly accelerated the healing of S. aureus-infected wounds until the 7th dpi, when compared to untreated infected lesions (reductions of 1.95−4.55-fold and 1.79−2.90-fold for SteLL at 32 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL, respectively). The SteLL-based treatment also amended the severity of wound infection and reduced the bacterial load (12-fold to 72-fold for 32 µg/mL, and 14-fold to 282-fold for 64 µg/mL). SteLL-treated wounds show higher collagen deposition and restoration of skin structure than other groups. The bacterial load and the levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF) were also reduced by both SteLL concentrations. These results corroborate the reported anti-infective properties of SteLL, making this lectin a lead candidate for developing alternative agents for the treatment of S. aureus-infected skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Anderson Sousa Nunes
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, BIONORTE, São Luís 65055-310, Brazil
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Lucas dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Deivid Martins Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Brenda da Silva Cutrim
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-570, Brazil
| | - Silvamara Leite Vieira
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-570, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-570, Brazil
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, BIONORTE, São Luís 65055-310, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.M.-N.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
| | - Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, BIONORTE, São Luís 65055-310, Brazil
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.M.-N.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
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The Anxiolytic Activity of Schinus terebinthifolia Leaf Lectin (SteLL) Is Dependent on Monoaminergic Signaling although Independent of the Carbohydrate-Binding Domain of the Lectin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111364. [DOI: 10.3390/ph15111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of plant lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) for the treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety and depression has started to be reported in the last few years. Schinus terebinthifolia leaves contain a lectin called SteLL, which has displayed antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and analgesic activities. However, the effects of SteLL on the Central Nervous System (CNS) have not yet been determined. In this study, we investigated the in vivo anxiolytic effect of SteLL in mice using the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. In the OF, SteLL (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg, i.p.) did not interfere with the number of crossings but significantly reduced the number of rearings. In the EPM, SteLL 4 mg/kg and the combination SteLL (1 mg/kg) plus diazepam (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the time spent in the open arms while reducing the time spent in the closed arms. The anxiolytic effect of SteLL did not seem to be dependent on the carbohydrate-binding domain of the lectin. Nevertheless, the SteLL effect in the EPM was reversed by the pretreatment with the pharmacological antagonists of the α2-adrenoceptor, 5-HT2A/2C serotonin receptor, and the D1 dopamine receptor. Overall, our results suggest that the anxiolytic effect of SteLL is dependent on the monoaminergic signaling cascade.
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