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Li W, You L, Lin J, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Wang T, Wu Y, Zheng C, Gao Y, Kong X, Sun X. An herbal formula Shenlian decoction upregulates M1/M2 macrophage proportion in hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing complement cascade. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116943. [PMID: 38878636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive microenvironment is a vital factor for the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, effective treatment is lacking at current. Shenlian decoction (SLD) is a registered herbal therapy for the HCC treatment, but the underlying mechanism of SLD remains largely elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the anti-tumor effect of SLD in the treatment of HCC. SLD was intragastrically given after the tumor initiation in β-catenin/C-Met or DEN and CCl4 induced HCC mouse model. The tumor growth levels were evaluated by liver weight and histological staining. The tumor-infiltrating immune cells were detected by immunological staining and flow cytometry. The mechanism of the SLD was detected by non-targeted proteomics and verified by a cell co-culture system. The result showed that SLD significantly attenuated HCC progression. SLD promoted macrophage infiltration and increased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio within the tumor tissues. Non-targeted proteomics showed the inhibition of complement C5/C5a signaling is the key mechanism of SLD. Immunological staining showed SLD inhibited C5/C5a expression and C5aR1+ macrophage infiltration. The suggested mechanism was demonstrated by application of C5aR1 inhibitor, PMX-53 in mouse HCC model. Hepatoma cell-macrophage co-culture showed SLD targeted hepatoma cells and inhibited the supernatant-induced macrophage M2 polarization. SLD inhibited AMPK/p38 signaling which is an upstream mechanism of C5 transcription. In conclusion, we found SLD relieved immune-suppressive environment by inhibiting C5 expression. SLD could suppress the C5 secretion in hepatoma cells via inhibition of AMPK/p38 signaling. We suggested that SLD is a potential herbal therapy for the treatment of HCC by alleviating immune-suppressive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Li
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping You
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijia Zhou
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelan Wu
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yan L, Jiang MY, Fan XS. Research into the anti-pulmonary fibrosis mechanism of Renshen Pingfei formula based on network pharmacology, metabolomics, and verification of AMPK/PPAR-γ pathway of active ingredients. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116773. [PMID: 37308028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease with limited therapy. Renshen Pingfei Formula (RPFF), a classic Chinese medicine derivative formula, has been shown to exert therapeutic effects on IPF. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to explore the anti-pulmonary fibrosis mechanism of RPFF through network pharmacology, clinical plasma metabolomics, and in vitro experiment. METHODS Network pharmacology was used to study the holistic pharmacological mechanism of RPFF in the treatment of IPF. The differential plasma metabolites for RPFF in the treatment of IPF were identified by untargeted metabolomics analysis. By integrated analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology, the therapeutic target of RPFF for IPF and the corresponding herbal ingredients were identified. In addition, the effects of the main components of the formula, kaempferol and luteolin, which regulate the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) pathway were observed in vitro according to the orthogonal design. RESULTS A total of 92 potential targets for RPFF in the treatment of IPF were obtained. The Drug-Ingredients-Disease Target network showed that PTGS2, ESR1, SCN5A, PPAR-γ, and PRSS1 were associated with more herbal ingredients. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network identified the key targets of RPFF in IPF treatment, including IL6, VEGFA, PTGS2, PPAR-γ, and STAT3. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis acquired the main enriched pathways, and PPAR-γ involved in multiple signaling pathways, including the AMPK signaling pathway. Untargeted clinical metabolomics analysis revealed plasma metabolite variations in patients with IPF versus controls and before versus after RPFF treatment for patients with IPF. Six differential metabolites were explored as differential plasma metabolites for RPFF in IPF treatment. Combined with network pharmacology, a therapeutic target PPAR-γ of RPFF in IPF treatment and the corresponding herbal components were identified. Based on the orthogonal experimental design, the experiments showed that kaempferol and luteolin can decrease the mRNA and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and the combination of lower dose can inhibit α-SMA mRNA and protein expression by promoting the AMPK/PPAR-γ pathway in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-treated MRC-5 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the therapeutic effects of RPFF are due to multiple ingredients and have multiple targets and pathways, and PPAR-γ is one of therapeutic targets for RPPF in IPF and involved in the AMPK signaling pathway. Two ingredients of RPFF, kaempferol and luteolin, can inhibit fibroblast proliferation and the myofibroblast differentiation of TGF-β1, and exert a synergistic effect through AMPK/PPAR-γ pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Naning University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nangjing, 210017, China.
| | - Min-Yue Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Naning University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Naning University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Sayed AA, Soliman AM, Marzouk M, Mohammed FF, Desouky S. Bromelain mitigates liver fibrosis via targeting hepatic stellate cells in vitro and in vivo. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102118. [PMID: 37269556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various therapeutic approaches are conducted for regression of liver fibrosis and prevent possible further carcinogenic transformation. This study was aimed to assess the prospective therapeutic potential of bromelain against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis using in-vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro study, HSC-T6 cell line was used to evaluate the effect of bromelain on HSC-T6 cell viability and apoptosis. In vivo, Rats were treated by TAA for 6 weeks for induction of hepatic fibrosis followed by post treatment by different doses of bromelain and silymarin for further 4 weeks to assess the regression of hepatic fibrosis. The in-vitro findings indicated that bromelain hindered the proliferation of HSCs in concentration dependent manner compared with the untreated cells. The in vivo study revealed that treatment of TAA fibrotic rats with different doses of bromelain and silymarin induced a significant restoration in liver function biomarkers, attenuation of oxidative stress, upregulation of total antioxidant capacity and thereby decline of fibrotic biomarkers and improving histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. In conclusion, This study indicates that bromelain can regress TAA induced hepatic fibrosis in rats via inhibiting HSCs activation, α-SMA expression and the ECM deposition in hepatic tissue in addition to its antioxidants pathway, these findings prove the promising therapeutic potential of bromelain as a novel therapeutic approach for chronic hepatic fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Amel M Soliman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Marzouk
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Faten F Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shreen Desouky
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Li X, Yu X, Gao Y, Zhao W, Wang Y, Yu F, Fu C, Gao H, Cheng M, Li B. TMT proteomics analysis reveals the mechanism of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and effects of Ginseng honeysuckle superfine powdered tea. Chin Med 2023; 18:60. [PMID: 37221600 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and potentially fatal lung disease and disorder. Although the active ingredients of ginseng honeysuckle superfine powdered tea (GHSPT) have been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the mechanism of GHSPT on PF remains unclear. The present study was to explore the underlying mechanism of GHSPT in treating PF based on proteomics and network pharmacology analysis and to confirm it in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used intratracheal instillation of bleomycin to induce the PF mouse model and GHSPT (640 mg/kg) intragastrically administrated to PF mice for 21 days. The lung tissues were harvested for TMT-based proteomics. The UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS analyze the serum migrant compounds of GHSPT in the PF mice. Moreover, components of GHSPT were harvested from the pharmacology database of the TCMSP system. PF-related targets were retrieved using NCBI and GeneCards databases. RESULTS Our results showed that GHSPT significantly alleviated PF mice. Proteomics analysis showed that 525 proteins had significantly changed in the lung of untreated PF mice. Among them, 19 differential proteins were back-regulated to normal levels after GHSPT therapy. Moreover, 25 compounds originating from GHSPT were identified in the serum sample. Network analysis showed 159 active ingredients and 92 drug targets against PF. The signaling pathways include apoptosis, ferroptosis, cytokine-cytokine receptor, P53, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests that GHSPT might play an effective role in the treatment of PF by multi-target interventions against multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunli Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Baoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Jinan Aixinzhuoer Medical Laboratory, Jinan, 250100, China.
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