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Kumwenda FD, Sumani J, Jere W, Nyirenda KK, Mwatseteza J. Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Functional Properties of Four Edible Orchid Species from Malawi. Foods 2024; 13:2403. [PMID: 39123594 PMCID: PMC11311754 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial orchid tubers are an important source of food in some parts of Africa and are traditionally included in the diets of most rural communities in Malawi. However, there is limited information on the nutritional and phytochemical content of the Malawian orchids to substantiate their traditional use. The present study evaluates the nutritional and phytochemical variation of four orchid species: Disa zombica, Satyrium buchananii, Satyrium carsonii, and Satyrium trinerve, collected from the same ecological zone of Malawi. The proximate content, minerals, phytochemicals, and functional properties were analysed using official procedures. Protein ranged from 2.19% to 4.65%, whereas carbohydrate ranged from 65.24% to 80.22%, with S. carsonii and S. trinerve registering the highest protein and carbohydrate contents, respectively. Iron and potassium were highest in D. zombica, while sodium and calcium were highest in S. buchananii. The total phenolics ranged from 228.56 to 500.00 mg GAE/100 g, with D. zombica registering the highest. The water absorption capacity ranged from 4.10 to 10.88 g/g. Despite variable levels, the study provides evidence that orchid species contain essential nutrients and phytochemicals important for human nutrition and health. Furthermore, the functional properties can be utilised in the development of food products, such as baked products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix D. Kumwenda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centre for Resilient Agri-Food Systems, University of Malawi, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi; (F.D.K.); (J.M.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Jimmy Sumani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centre for Resilient Agri-Food Systems, University of Malawi, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi; (F.D.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Wilson Jere
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, Africa Centre of Excellence in Aquaculture and Fisheries, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi;
| | - Kumbukani K. Nyirenda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, P/B 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi;
| | - Jonas Mwatseteza
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centre for Resilient Agri-Food Systems, University of Malawi, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi; (F.D.K.); (J.M.)
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Chaudhary MK, Tripathi D, Misra A, Singh SP, Srivastava PK, Gupta V, Acharya R, Srivastava S. Nutritional characteristics of Stereospermum chelonoides (L.f.) DC., an underutilized edible wild fruit of dietary interest. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24193. [PMID: 38293403 PMCID: PMC10826151 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition and hunger is a serious global issue, however, wild fruits possess the potential of combatting it being rich in nutrients. Stereospermum chelonoides (L.f.) DC., commonly known as "Patala" in Ayurvedic text, is a large wild tree bearing edible, yet, underutilized fruits consumed by the locals in Western parts of India and neighboring countries. The present study focuses on the nutritional profile of S. chelonoides fruit along with quantification of bioactive constituents using RP-HPLC-PDA and evaluation of in-vitro anti-oxidant and, anti-microbial activity. The fruit was found rich in nutritional composition having protein (2.41 % ± 0.007), fibre (3.46 % ± 0.02) and carbohydrate (90.19 % ± 1.73) with energy value of 368.2 ± 3.94 Kcal/100g. The elemental analysis of fruit resulted in macronutrients Ca, Mg and Na and micronutrients Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu in amounts comparable to common marketed fruits. The RP-HPLC-PDA analysis revealed the presence of six phenolic compounds in all 3 extracts made from the fruit in which highest amount are present in hydro-alcoholic extract. All the extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity evaluated through DPPH assay and oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC), with highest activity in hydro-alcoholic extract. All the analyzed extracts also exhibited potent inhibition, against four human pathogens namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Shigella flexneri. Therefore, it is evident from the study that the fruit of S. chelonoides has immense potential as a nutraceutical supplement and may help in the management of nutrient deficiency and malnutrition among rural and tribal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kant Chaudhary
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226001, India
| | - Deepali Tripathi
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226001, India
- FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, U.P., 226001, India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226001, India
| | - Satyendra Pratap Singh
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226001, India
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O.B 15159, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Pankaj Kumar Srivastava
- Environmental Technologies Division & ENVIS – NBRI, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226001, India
| | - Vartika Gupta
- Environmental Technologies Division & ENVIS – NBRI, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226001, India
| | | | - Sharad Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226001, India
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