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Zheng DX, Hou Q, Xue TT, Gao X, Geng RY, Wen LM, Wang Z, Yin Q, Yin HL, Hu JP, Yang JH. Efficacy and mechanism of action of Yanxiao Di'naer formula for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis treatment based on metabolomics and RNA sequencing. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118487. [PMID: 38925322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a crucial component of this disease spectrum. The Yanxiao Di'naer formula (YXDNE) is an Uyghur medical extract that has been used in folk medicine to treat hepatitis for a long time. However, the role and mechanism of action of YXDNE in NASH treatment remains unclear OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of YXDNE in treating NASH induced by injections of carbon tetrachloride combined with a high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD), and to clarify the underlying mechanisms METHODS: The compounds in the YXDNE extract were analysed for classification and proportions using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The efficacy of YXDNE in treating abnormal lipid metabolism was evaluated in L02 cells in vitro. In addition, a C57BL/6 mouse model of NASH was established to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of YXDNE in vivo. Metabolomics and RNA sequencing were used to analyse the therapeutic effects of YXDNE on the liver. The corresponding signalling pathways were found to target AMPKα1, PPARα, and NF-κB. The efficacy of YXDNE was validated using inhibitors or silencing RNA (siRNA) against AMPKα1 and PPARα RESULTS: This study confirmed that YXDNE treatment ameliorated NASH in a murine model of this disease. Metabolomics analysis suggested that YXDNE efficacy was associated with fatty acid catabolism and AMPK signalling pathways. RNA sequencing results showed that YXDNE efficacy in treating NASH was highly correlated with the AMPK, PPARα and NF-κB pathways. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental data demonstrated that YXDNE affected the expression of p-AMPKα1, PPARα, p-NF-κB, IκB, and p-IκB. The efficacy of YXDNE in treating NASH in vitro was cancelled when AMPK was inhibited with Compound C or PPARα was modulated via siRNA CONCLUSIONS: YXDNE may have a therapeutic effect on abnormal lipid metabolism in L02 cells and in a murine model of NASH by affecting the AMPKα1/PPARα/NF-κB signalling pathway. Therefore, YXDNE has the potential for clinical application in the prevention and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Qiang Hou
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Tao-Tao Xue
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Ruo-Yu Geng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Li-Mei Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Qiang Yin
- Xinjiang Uygur Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hai-Long Yin
- Xinjiang Uygur Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Yu JX, Chen X, Zang SG, Chen X, Wu YY, Wu LP, Xuan SH. Gut microbiota microbial metabolites in diabetic nephropathy patients: far to go. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1359432. [PMID: 38779567 PMCID: PMC11109448 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1359432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main complications of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease, which has a severe impact on the quality of life of patients. Strict control of blood sugar and blood pressure, including the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, can delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy but cannot prevent it from eventually developing into end-stage renal disease. In recent years, many studies have shown a close relationship between gut microbiota imbalance and the occurrence and development of DN. This review discusses the latest research findings on the correlation between gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in DN, including the manifestations of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in DN patients, the application of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the diagnosis of DN, their role in disease progression, and so on, to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the occurrence and prevention of DN and provide a theoretical basis and methods for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li-Pei Wu
- Medical Laboratory Department, Affiliated Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Hai Xuan
- Medical Laboratory Department, Affiliated Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu, China
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Liang H, Song K. Elucidating ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway characteristics via integration of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics of the kidney of high-fat diet-fed obese mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300705. [PMID: 38603672 PMCID: PMC11008897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease and can activate renal oxidative stress injury. Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism is an important carbohydrate metabolic pathway that protects cells from oxidative damage. However the effect of oxidative stress on this pathway is still unclear. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed obese mice and determine the effects of oxidative stress. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed on a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, non-targeted metabolomics profiling was used to identify metabolites in the kidney tissues of the obese mice, followed by RNA sequencing using transcriptomic methods. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed the alterations in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolic pathway in the kidneys of these high-fat diet-fed obese mice. The high-fat diet-induced obesity resulted in notable changes, including thinning of the glomerular basement membrane, alterations in podocyte morphology, and an increase in oxidative stress. Metabolomics analysis revealed 649 metabolites in the positive-ion mode, and 470 metabolites in the negative-ion mode. Additionally, 659 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the obese mice, of which 34 were upregulated and 625 downregulated. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed two DEGs and 13 differential metabolites in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolic pathway. The expression levels of ugt1a9 and ugt2b1 were downregulated, and the ascorbate level in kidney tissue of obese mice was reduced. Thus, renal oxidative stress injury induced by high-fat diet affects metabolic regulation of ascorbate and aldarate metabolism in obese mice. Ascorbate emerged as a potential marker for predicting kidney damage due to high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Kang Song
- Endocrinology Department, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai University Affiliated People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
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Yang Q, Deng L, Feng C, Wen J. Comparing the effects of empagliflozin and liraglutide on lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora in diabetic mice. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17055. [PMID: 38500527 PMCID: PMC10946396 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Recent studies have shown that the imbalance of intestinal flora is related to the occurrence and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and can affect lipid metabolism. Sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist are commonly used hypoglycemic drugs and have excellent renal safety. The purpose of this study was to compare the protective effects of empagliflozin and liraglutide on kidneys, lipid metabolism, and intestinal microbiota in diabetic mice. Methods We established a mouse model of type two diabetes by feeding rats a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The mice were randomly divided into groups: normal control (NC), diabetic model (DM), liraglutide treatment (LirT), empagliflozin treatment (EmpT), and liraglutide combined with empagliflozin treatment (Emp&LirT) groups. Blood glucose, lipids, creatinine, and uric acid, as well as urinary nitrogen and albumin levels were measured. The renal tissues were subjected to HE, PAS and Masson's staining. These parameters were used to evaluate renal function and histopathological changes in mice. Mice feces were also collected for 16sRNA sequencing to analyze the composition of the intestinal flora. Results All the indexes related to renal function were significantly improved after treatment with drugs. With respect to lipid metabolism, both drugs significantly decreased the serum triglyceride levels in diabetic mice, but the effect of liraglutide on reducing serum cholesterol was better than that of empagliflozin. However, empagliflozin had a better effect on the reduction of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The two drugs had different effects on intestinal flora. At the phylum level, empagliflozin significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota, but no effect was seen with liraglutide. At the genus level, both of them decreased the number of Helicobacter and increased the number of Lactobacillus. Empagliflozin also significantly increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae, Muribaculum, Olsenella, and Odoribacter, while liraglutide significantly increased that of Ruminococcus. Conclusion Liraglutide and empagliflozin were both able to improve diabetes-related renal injury. However, the ability of empagliflozin to reduce LDL was better compared to liraglutide. In addition, their effects on the intestine bacterial flora were significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yang
- Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Changmei Feng
- Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
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Dong W, Zhao Y, Li X, Huo J, Wang W. Corn silk polysaccharides attenuate diabetic nephropathy through restoration of the gut microbial ecosystem and metabolic homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232132. [PMID: 38111708 PMCID: PMC10726137 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is complex, inflammation is the central link among the inducing factors in the existing research, and the gutkidney axis could scientifically explain the reasons for the accumulation of chronic low-grade inflammation. As both a medicine and food, corn silk contains abundant polysaccharides. Historical studies and modern research have both confirmed its intervention effect on diabetes and DN, but the mechanism of action is unclear. Methods In this study, a DN rat model was generated, and the therapeutic effect of corn silk polysaccharides (CSPs) was evaluated based on behavioral, histopathological and biochemical indicators. We attempted to fully understand the interactions between CSPs, the gut microbiota and the host at the systemic level from a gut microbiota metabolomics perspective to fundamentally elucidate the mechanisms of action that can be used to intervene in DN. Results Research has found that the metabolic pathways with a strong correlation with CSPs were initially identified as glycerophosphate, fatty acid, bile acid, tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolism and involved Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136- group and Dubosiella, suggesting that the effect of CSPs on improving DN is related to changes in metabolite profiles and gut microbiota characteristics. Discussion CSPs could be harnessed to treat the abnormal metabolism of endogenous substances such as bile acids and uremic toxins caused by changes in gut microbiota, thus alleviating kidney damage caused by inflammation. In view of its natural abundance, corn silk is safe and nontoxic and can be used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institue of Chinese Materia, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuwei Li
- Institue of Chinese Materia, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Institue of Chinese Materia, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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Li C, Gao L, Lv C, Li Z, Fan S, Liu X, Rong X, Huang Y, Liu J. Active role of amino acid metabolism in early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1239838. [PMID: 37781128 PMCID: PMC10539689 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1239838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is one of the significant microvascular consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a complex etiology and protracted course. In the early stages of DKD, the majority of patients experience an insidious onset and few overt clinical symptoms and indicators, but they are prone to develop end-stage renal disease in the later stage, which is life-threatening. The abnormal amino acid metabolism is tightly associated with the development of DKD, which involves several pathological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and immune response and is also closely related to autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and iron death. With a focus on taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and glutamine, we explored the biological effects of various amino acid mechanisms linked to DKD, the impact of amino acid metabolism in the early diagnosis of DKD, and the role of amino acid metabolism in treating DKD, to offer fresh objectives and guidelines for later early detection and DKD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lidong Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Lv
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Rong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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