1
|
Kong Y, Zhang Q, Wang S, Li R, Fu C, Wei Q. Mitochondrial metabolism regulated macrophage phenotype in myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117494. [PMID: 39321509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) being the primary contributor to mortality and disability associated with CVD. Reperfusion therapies are widely recognized as effective strategies for treating MI. However, while intended to restore blood flow, the reperfusion processes paradoxically initiate a series of pathophysiological events that worsen myocardial injury, resulting in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, there is a pressing need for new treatment strategies to reduce the size of MI and enhance cardiac function post-infarction. Macrophages are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and mitigating undesirable remodeling following MI. Extensive research has established a strong link between cellular metabolism and macrophage function. In the context of MI, macrophages undergo adaptive metabolic reprogramming to mount an immune response. Moreover, mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages is evident, leading to significant changes in their metabolism. Therefore, we need to delve deeper into summarizing and understanding the relationship and role between mitochondrial metabolism and macrophage phenotype, and summarize existing treatment methods. In this review, we explore the role of mitochondria in shaping the macrophage phenotype and function. Additionally, we summarize current therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating mitochondrial metabolism of macrophages, which may offer new insights treating of MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youli Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chenying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Quan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie FQ, Wang YS, Zhang L, Zhu W, Cheng J, Lu YY, Xu SH, Li XK, Feng QM. Efficacy and safety of Tongxin formula in the treatment of coronary microvascular disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35747. [PMID: 39253205 PMCID: PMC11381722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongxin Formula in the treatment of coronary microvascular disease. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study simultaneously in two hospitals, consisting of 80 participants. Using a random number table, we assigned patients to the treatment and control groups. Patients in both groups received conventional Western medicine for coronary microvascular disease. In addition, those in the treatment group received Tongxin formula granules, while those in the control group received a placebo. The treatment course for both groups was three months, and the follow-up duration was six months. The primary efficacy indicators were coronary blood flow reserve and cardiovascular adverse events; the secondary efficacy indicators were the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, the angina symptom score, the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) score, left ventricular function, and adverse reactions. Results After treatment, patients in the treatment group showed significantly higher variation in the coronary flow reserve (CFR) levels (CFR >2) and improvement of diastolic function (peak filling rate, or PFR >2.5) than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the incidence of cardiovascular events in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After 3 months of treatment and 6 months of follow-up, the total effective rates of TCM symptoms and angina symptoms, as well as the total SAQ standard scores, in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no serious adverse reactions in either group before or after treatment, and there was no significant change (P > 0.05). Conclusion We found that Tongxin Formula combined with conventional Western medicine can significantly improved the level of coronary blood flow reserve, reduced the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events, improved the clinical symptoms of patients, and enhanced the quality of life of patients with coronary microvascular disease with favorable safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Yi-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Yun-Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Xian-Kai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qi-Mao Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li D, Gao S. The interplay between T lymphocytes and macrophages in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1925-1936. [PMID: 37540399 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most important causes of death in the world, causing a huge health and economic burden to the world. It is still a ticklish problem how to effectively prevent reperfusion injury while recovering the blood flow of ischemic myocardium. During the process of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), the modulation of immune cells plays an important role. Monocyte/macrophage, neutrophils and endothelial cells initiate the inflammatory response and induce the release of various inflammatory cytokines, resulting in increased vascular permeability, tissue edema and damage. Meanwhile, T cells were recruited to impaired myocardium and release pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. T cells and macrophages play important roles in keeping cardiac homeostasis and orchestrate tissue repair. T cells differentiation and macrophages polarization precisely regulates the tissue microenvironment in MI/RI, and shows cross action, but the mechanism is unclear. To identify potential intervention targets and propose ideas for treatment and prevention of MI/RI, this review explores the crosstalk between T lymphocytes and macrophages in MI/RI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu Z, Wang M, Lu S, Dai S, Liu J. Role of macrophage polarization in heart failure and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1434654. [PMID: 39104386 PMCID: PMC11298811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1434654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has a severe impact on public health development due to high morbidity and mortality and is associated with imbalances in cardiac immunoregulation. Macrophages, a major cell population involved in cardiac immune response and inflammation, are highly heterogeneous and polarized into M1 and M2 types depending on the microenvironment. M1 macrophage releases inflammatory factors and chemokines to activate the immune response and remove harmful substances, while M2 macrophage releases anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit the overactive immune response and promote tissue repair. M1 and M2 restrict each other to maintain cardiac homeostasis. The dynamic balance of M1 and M2 is closely related to the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) yin-yang theory, and the imbalance of yin and yang will result in a pathological state of the organism. Studies have confirmed that TCM produces positive effects on HF by regulating macrophage polarization. This review describes the critical role of macrophage polarization in inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis and electrophysiology in the course of HF, as well as the potential mechanism of TCM regulation of macrophage polarization in preventing and treating HF, thereby providing new ideas for clinical treatment and scientific research design of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheqin Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Lu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Sisi Dai
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhe Liu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu L, Yang YM, Huang Y, Xie HK, Luo Y, Li C, Wang W, Chen Y. Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills protect against ischemic stroke-induced cerebral microvascular dysfunction via suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117567. [PMID: 38122909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Patients with ischemic stroke (IS) often continue to exhibit cerebral microcirculatory dysfunction even after receiving thrombolytic therapy. Enhancing the function of cerebral microvascular endothelia represents a pivotal advancement in the therapeutic strategy for ischemic microcirculatory disturbances. A traditional Chinese medicinal formulation named Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills (STDP), has been clinically employed to ameliorate microcirculatory abnormalities. Existing literature attests to the beneficial role of STDP on endothelial cells (ECs). Nevertheless, specific impacts and underlying mechanisms of STDP in rectifying IS-induced cerebral microvascular dysfunction warrant further exploration. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation seeks to delineate the effects of STDP on cerebral microvascular endothelial damage induced by ischemic stroke and to elucidate the underlying mechanism involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) technique was employed to established ischemic stroke model in mice. The therapeutic efficacy of STDP on cerebral microvascular function was assessed through laser speckle contrast imaging, behavioral assays, and histological evaluations. Biochemical markers in the brain tissue, including GSH, SOD, MDA, and ROS, were quantified using specific assay kits. In vitro study, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) was performed in bEnd.3 cells. The cytoprotective potential of STDP was then evaluated by measuring cell viability, LDH activity, endothelial permeability, and oxidative stress parameters. Important targets in critical pathway were verified by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence both in mice brain slices and bEnd.3 cells. RESULTS STDP decrease brain infarct size, repaired microvascular cerebral blood flow and attenuated neurological deficiency in MCAO/R mice. Moreover, STDP abolished MCAO/R-induced oxidative stress which was reflected by rescuing GSH content, restoration of SOD activity and T-AOC, reduction of MDA and ROS. Ex vivo, STDP increased cerebral microvascular endothelial cells viability, abolished oxidative stress and decreased their permeability after ODG/R. Mechanistically, STDP significantly suppressed endothelial ROS-TXNIP mediated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION STDP improves ischemic stroke-induced cerebral microcirculatory deficits by regulating cerebral microvascular endothelial ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Formula and Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ming Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, The School of Dental Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hong-Kai Xie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Luo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|