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Ajuwon OR, Adeleke TA, Ajiboye BO, Lawal AO, Folorunso I, Brai B, Bamisaye FA, Falode JA, Odoh IM, Adegbite KI, Adegoke OB. Fermented Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) Ameliorates Sodium Fluoride-Induced Cardiorenal Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation via Modulation of NF-κB/IκB/IκKB Signaling Pathway in Wistar Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:240-257. [PMID: 38315346 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
High dose of fluoride intake is associated with toxic effects on kidney and cardiac tissues. This study evaluated the potential protective effect of fermented rooibos tea (RTE) on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced cardiorenal toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 56) were randomly allocated into one of seven equal groups: control, NaF (100 mg/kg orally), NaF + RTE (2%, w/v), NaF + RTE (4%, w/v), NaF + lisinopril (10 mg/kg orally), 2% RTE, and 4% RTE. The experiment lasted for 14 days and RTE was administered to the rats as their sole source of drinking fluid. NaF induced cardiorenal toxicity indicated by elevated level of urea, creatinine, LDH, creatinine kinase-MB, and cardiac troponin I in the serum, accompanied by altered histopathology of the kidney and heart. Furthermore, levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde, and NO were elevated, while GSH level was depleted in the kidney and heart due to NaF intoxication. Protein levels of c-reactive protein, TNFα, IL-1B, and NF-κB were increased by NaF in the serum, kidney, and heart. RTE at 2% and 4% (w/v) reversed cardiorenal toxicity, resolved histopathological impairment, attenuated oxidative stress and inhibited formation of pro-inflammatory markers. RTE at both concentrations down-regulates the mRNA expression of NF-κB, and upregulates the mRNA expression of both IκB and IκKB, thus blocking the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these results clearly suggest that the protective potential of rooibos tea against NaF-induced cardiorenal toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation may be associated with the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Razaq Ajuwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Toyosi Abiodun Adeleke
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ibukun Folorunso
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew Brai
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Fisayo Abraham Bamisaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - John Adeolu Falode
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna Maximillian Odoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Medical Center, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Kabirat Iyabode Adegbite
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, P.M.B. 4491, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Siddiqa A, Qureshi R, Raja NI, Khan IA, Ahmad MZ, Rafique S, Ali A, Ahmad A, Kaushik P. Liver-boosting potential: chicory compound-mediated silver nanoparticles for hepatoprotection-biochemical and histopathological insights. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1325359. [PMID: 38449804 PMCID: PMC10914973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1325359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver disease is a serious health concern in today's world, posing a challenge to both healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies. Most synthetic drugs and chemicals cause liver damage accounting for approximately 10% of acute hepatitis and 50% of acute liver failure. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the hepato-protective activity of an extract of chicory formulation assisted by silver nanoparticles against carbon tetra chloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in rat's liver. Methods: Rats of the Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) were used to test the in vivo hepato-protective efficacy at various doses. Rats were randomly divided into nine groups, each containing six rats. The groups were as follows: first group (control), second group (CCl4), third group, silymarin (20 mg/kg of body weight), fourth group (CCl4+chicory) (1.75 mg/kg of b. wt), fifth group (CCl4 + chicory at the dose of 2.35 mg/kg), sixth group (CCl4 + chicory of 3.25 mg/kg), seventh group (CCl4 +AgNPs 1.75 mg/kg of b. wt.), eighth group (CCl4 + AgNPs 2.35 mg/kg of body weight), and ninth group (CCl4 + AgNPs 3.25 mg/kg of b. wt.). Blood samples were taken 24 h after the last administration (i.e., 30th day). The blood samples were analyzed for different serum enzymes such as ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), bilirubin (Blr), triglyceride, and cholesterol. Histology liver sections were performed. Results: Treatment with AgNPs and chicory extract showed significant hepato-protective activity in a dose-dependent manner. In three doses, the chicory extract at a rate of 3.25 mg/kg of body weight significantly reduced elevated levels of biochemical markers in comparison to CCl4-intoxicated rats. Histology of the liver sections from CCl4-treated rats revealed inflammation of hepatocytes, necrosis, cytoplasmic degeneration, vacuolization, and a deformed central vein. The chicory formulation extract exhibited a remarkable recovery percentage in the liver architecture that was higher than the drug (i.e., silymarin). While treatment with AgNPs also repaired the degenerative changes and restored the normal form of the liver, chicory formulation extract possessed more hepato-protective potential as compared to AgNPs by regulating biochemical and histo-pathological parameters. Conclusion: This study can be used as confirmation of the hepato-protective potential of chicory compounds for possible use in the development programs of drugs to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddiqa
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rahmatullah Qureshi
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zishan Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Rafique
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Ali
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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