A study integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to investigate the effects of Shicao in alleviating acute liver injury

Effects of fasting and inflammatory challenges on the swine hepatic metabolome

The liver is simultaneously impacted by environmental challenges and modulates the response to these insults. Efforts to understand the effects of stressors on the activity of the liver typically consider one type of challenge (e.g., nutrition, toxin, disease), profile targeted molecules, or study the hepatic disruptions in one sex. The present study characterized hepatic changes in the metabolome of females and males exposed to the nutritional challenge of fasting and inflammatory signals elicited by the viral mimetic Poly(I:C). The hepatic metabolome of pigs was profiled using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis enabling the quantification of metabolites. The analysis of pathways enriched among metabolites showing sex-by-distress interactions revealed molecular processes affected by fasting and immune stresses in a sex-specific manner, including SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, the urea cycle, and G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Metabolites differentially abundant across sex-distress groups in the previous pathways included creatine, taurine, and glycine derivatives. Pathways over-represented among metabolites significantly affected by distress included glucose homeostasis, the Krebs cycle, and the metabolism of water-soluble vitamins, with key metabolites including S-adenosylmethionine, histidine, glycerophosphocholine, and lactic acid. These results indicate that 24-h fasting, and low-grade systemic inflammation modulate the liver metabolism. The detection of metabolic disruption that varies with sex enforces the need to develop therapies that can restore hepatic homeostasis in females and males.

Investigation of anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil extracted from Achillea alpina L. through multi-omics analysis in zebrafish tail fin amputation model

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Achillea alpina L. is a traditional herbal medicine with a long history, which is often used to detoxify and relieve pain. Achillea alpina L. essential oil (AHO) is extracted from the aboveground part of the Achillea alpina L. The role of AHO on the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects remains unclear.

AIM OF THE STUDY

To explore the anti-inflammatory effect and interaction mechanism of AHO in zebrafish tail fin model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The chemical components of AHO were first identified utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A zebrafish tail fin model was employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of AHO by observing the numbers of neutrophils and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The combined application of transcriptomics and metabolomics helped us to explore the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of AHO, and the expression of core gene was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTS

The principal constituents of the AHO included bicyclo sesquiphellandrene (11.99%), α-thujene (6.19%), 1-methyl-7-isopropyl naphthalene (5.90%), and β-elemene (5.58%). AHO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory properties by dramatically inhibiting the migration of neutrophils to the tail fin amputation site, along with autophagy linked to inflammation. Moreover, AHO had an excellent regulatory influence on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1β. Furthermore, transcriptome and metabolomic analyses identified a crucial gene and fourteen significant metabolites influenced by AHO in relation to inflammation. The investigation demonstrated that AHO modulated the inflammatory response via influencing amino acid and glucose metabolism.

CONCLUSION

In this study, AHO has excellent anti-inflammatory effects and shown remarkable regulatory effects on the expression of immune cells and pro-inflammatory factors in vivo, which is highlighting the necessity for more research and development as a potential anti-inflammatory drug.

The Effect of Yucca schidigera Extract on Serum Metabolites of Angus Crossbreed Steers with Metabolomics

This study was conducted to explore the potential effect of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on the metabolism of beef cattle. Thirty Angus crossbreed steers were selected, with an initial mean body weight of 506.6 ± 33.3 kg, and assigned to two treatments: a diet with no additives (CON group) and a diet supplemented with 1.75 g/kg of YSE (YSE group) (on a dry matter basis). The experiment lasted for 104 days, with 14 days for adaptation. The results showed that adding YSE could significantly improve the average daily gain (ADG) from 1 to 59 d (15.38%) (p = 0.01) and 1 to 90 d (11.38%) (p < 0.01), as well as dry matter digestibility (DMD) (0.84%) (p < 0.05). The contents of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin and the total antioxidant capacity were increased and blood urea was reduced in the YSE group, compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). Both the glycerophospholipids and bile acids, including phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), PE(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/P-18:0), LysoPC(15:0), LysoPC(17:0), LysoPC(18:0), LysoPC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), deoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and cholic acid, were upregulated by the addition of YSE. In summary, YSE may improve the ADG by increasing the blood total antioxidant capacity and glycerophospholipid synthesis, maintaining steers under a healthy status that is beneficial for growth. Furthermore, YSE may also increase the expression of bile acid synthesis, thereby promoting DMD, which, in turn, offers more nutrients available for growth.