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Novel effects of copper precursors on the adsorption and desorption of elemental mercury over copper-based sulfides: Performance, mechanism, and kinetics. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kho F, Koppel DJ, von Hellfeld R, Hastings A, Gissi F, Cresswell T, Higgins S. Current understanding of the ecological risk of mercury from subsea oil and gas infrastructure to marine ecosystems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129348. [PMID: 35797785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many oil and gas fields are nearing production cessation and will require decommissioning, with the preferred method being complete infrastructure removal in most jurisdictions. However, decommissioning in situ, leaving some disused components in place, is an option that may be agreed to by the regulators and reservoir titleholders in some circumstances. To understand this option's viability, the environmental impacts and risks of any residual contaminants assessed. Mercury, a contaminant of concern, is naturally present in hydrocarbon reservoirs, may contaminate offshore processing and transmission infrastructure, and can biomagnify in marine ecosystems. Mercury's impact is dependent on its speciation, concentration, and the exposure duration. However, research characterising and quantifying the amount of mercury in offshore infrastructure and the efficacy of decontamination is limited. This review describes the formation of mercury-contaminated products within oil and gas infrastructure, expected exposure pathways after environmental release, possible impacts, and key research gaps regarding the ecological risk of in situ decommissioned contaminated infrastructure. Suggestions are made to overcome these gaps, improving the in situ mercury quantification in infrastructure, understanding environmental controls on, and forecasting of, mercury methylation and bioaccumulation, and the cumulative impacts of multiple stressors within decommissioned infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenny Kho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin Corrosion Centre, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Darren J Koppel
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca von Hellfeld
- National Decommissioning Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
| | - Astley Hastings
- National Decommissioning Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Francesca Gissi
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tom Cresswell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart Higgins
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Hsu CJ, Atkinson JD, Chung A, Hsi HC. Gaseous mercury re-emission from wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater aeration basins: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126546. [PMID: 34252671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) simultaneously removes Hg and SO2 from coal-fired power plant flue gas streams. Hg0 re-emission occurs when the dissolved Hg(II) is converted to a volatile form (i.e., Hg0) that can be subsequently emitted into the ambient air from WFGD wastewater aeration basins. Others have shown that Hg0 re-emission depends on pH, temperature, ligands (Cl, Br, I, F, SO32-, SO42-, NO3-, SCN-, and ClO-), O2, minerals (Se and As), and metals (Fe and Cu) in WFGD wastewater. Still others have shown Hg0 re-emission restriction via inhibitor addition (adsorbents and precipitators). This is the first review that summarizes the complex and inconsistently reported Hg0 re-emission mechanisms, updates misconceptions related to Hg(II) complexation and reduction, and reviews applications of inhibitors that convert aqueous Hg(II) into stable solid forms to prevent gaseous Hg0 formation and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - John D Atkinson
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Adrienne Chung
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Cheng Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Yang S, Li Z, Yan K, Zhang X, Xu Z, Liu W, Liu Z, Liu H. Removing and recycling mercury from scrubbing solution produced in wet nonferrous metal smelting flue gas purification process. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 103:59-68. [PMID: 33743919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wet purification technology for nonferrous metal smelting flue gas is important for mercury removal; however, this technology produces a large amounts of spent scrubbing solution that contain mercury. The mercury in these scrubbing solutions pose a great threat to the environment. Therefore, this research provides a novel strategy for removing and recycling mercury from the scrubbing solution, which is significant for decreasing mercury pollution while also allowing for the safe disposal of wastewater and a stable supply of mercury resources. Some critical parameters for the electrochemical reduction of mercury were studied in detail. Additionally, the electrodeposition dynamics and electroreduction mechanism for mercury were evaluated. Results suggested that over 92.4% of mercury could be removed from the scrubbing solution in the form of a Hg-Cu alloy under optimal conditions within 150 min and with a current efficiency of approximately 75%. Additionally, mercury electrodeposition was a quasi-reversible process, and the controlled step was the mass transport of the reactant. A pre-conversion step from Hg(Tu)42+ to Hg(Tu)32+ before mercury electroreduction was necessary. Then, the formed Hg(Tu)32+ on the cathode surface gained electrons step by step. After electrodeposition, the mercury in the spent cathode could be recycled by thermal desorption. The results of the electrochemical reduction of mercury and subsequent recycling provides a practical and easy-to-adopt alternative for recycling mercury resources and decreasing mercury contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ziliang Li
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, JiangXi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kang Yan
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, JiangXi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Institute of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, JiangXi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, JiangXi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Institute of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wanrong Liu
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Zhilou Liu
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, JiangXi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Institute of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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Miranda-Andrades JR, Khan S, Toloza CA, Maciel RM, Escalfoni R, Tristão MLB, Aucelio RQ. Speciation and ultra trace determination of mercury in produced waters from offshore drilling operations using portable instrumentation and matrix-matching calibration. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liao Y, Xu H, Liu W, Ni H, Zhang X, Zhai A, Quan Z, Qu Z, Yan N. One Step Interface Activation of ZnS Using Cupric Ions for Mercury Recovery from Nonferrous Smelting Flue Gas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4511-4518. [PMID: 30855949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The flue gases with high concentration of mercury are often encountered in the nonferrous smelting industries and the treatment of mercury-containing wastes. To recover mercury from such flue gases, sorbents with enough large adsorption capacity are required to capture and enrich mercury. ZnS is a cheap and readily prepared material, and even can be obtained from its natural ores. In this work, a simple controllable oxidation method-soaking in cupric solution-was developed to improve the interfacial activity of ZnS and its natural ores for Hg0 adsorption. The gaseous Hg0 adsorption capacity of ZnS was enhanced from 0.3 to 3.6 mg·g-1 after such treatment. Further analysis indicated that a new interface rich in S1- ions was formed and provided sufficient active sites for the chemical adsorption of Hg0. In addition, the cyclic Hg0 adsorption and recovery experiments demonstrated that the adsorption performance of spent activated-ZnS was recovered after reactivating sorbents with Cu2+, indicating the recovery of activated interface. Meanwhile, the high concentration of adsorbed mercury at the surface can be collected using a thermal treatment method. Utilization of raw materials from a zinc production process provides a promising and cost-effective method for removing and recovering mercury from nonferrous smelting flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Haomiao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Hengfa Ni
- Henan Yuguang Gold & Lead Group Co. Ltd. , Henan , Jiyuan 459000 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhang
- Henan Yuguang Gold & Lead Group Co. Ltd. , Henan , Jiyuan 459000 , P. R. China
| | - Aiping Zhai
- Henan Yuguang Gold & Lead Group Co. Ltd. , Henan , Jiyuan 459000 , P. R. China
| | - Zongwen Quan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Zan Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Naiqiang Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
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Hsu CJ, Chiou HJ, Chen YH, Lin KS, Rood MJ, Hsi HC. Mercury adsorption and re-emission inhibition from actual WFGD wastewater using sulfur-containing activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:319-328. [PMID: 30384226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of batch experiments were conducted to obtain the optimal adsorption condition for removing aqueous Hg from actual lime-based wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) wastewater with sulfur-containing activated carbon (SAC). The experimental results showed that SAC1 had an average 0.32 μg mg-1 larger aqueous Hg adsorption capacity and 21% larger Hg removal than the CS2-treated SAC1 (i.e., SAC2) in all tested pH values, confirming that greater sulfur content associated with effective sulfur functional group (i.e., elemental S) caused the larger Hg adsorption capacity. Furthermore, as increasing pH from 4 to 7, the Hg adsorption capacity of SAC1 decreased by 22% (i.e., 0.27 μg mg-1). The equilibrium Hg adsorption capacity was well fitted with linear and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Kinetic simulations showed that both pseudo-second order and Elovich equations could well describe the chemisorption behavior of Hg to SAC1. Thermodynamic parameter calculation confirmed that Hg adsorption by SAC1 was thermodynamically spontaneous and exothermic. Re-emission of gaseous Hg markedly decreased by 88% as SO32- addition increased from 0 to 0.01 mM. Notably, by the addition of SAC1, zero re-emission of gaseous Hg was achieved. These experimental results confirm that the capture of aqueous Hg2+ and the inhibition of gaseous Hg0 re-emission can be successfully and simultaneously achieved in actual WFGD wastewater via the addition of SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jin Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Song Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan Ze University, No. 135, Yuan-Tung Rd., Chung-Li Dist., Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Mark J Rood
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hsing-Cheng Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Liu Z, Wang D, Peng B, Chai L, Liu H, Yang S, Yang B, Xiang K, Liu C. Transport and transformation of mercury during wet flue gas cleaning process of nonferrous metal smelting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22494-22502. [PMID: 28803273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reducing mercury emission is hot topic for international society. The first step for controlling mercury in fuel gas is to investigate mercury distribution and during the flue gas treatment process. The mercury transport and transformation in wet flue gas cleaning process of nonferrous smelting industry was studied in the paper with critical important parameters, such as the solution temperature, Hg0 concentration, SO2 concentration, and Hg2+ concentration at the laboratory scale. The mass ratio of the mercury distribution in the solution, flue gas, sludge, and acid fog from the simulated flue gas containing Hg2+ and Hg0 was 49.12~65.54, 18.34~35.42, 11.89~14.47, and 1.74~3.54%, respectively. The primary mercury species in the flue gas and acid fog were gaseous Hg0 and dissolved Hg2+. The mercury species in the cleaning solution were dissolved Hg2+ and colloidal mercury, which accounted for 56.56 and 7.34% of the total mercury, respectively. Various mercury compounds, including Hg2Cl2, HgS, HgCl2, HgSO4, and HgO, existed in the sludge. These results for mercury distribution and speciation are highly useful in understanding mercury transport and transformation during the wet flue gas cleaning process. This research is conducive for controlling mercury emissions from nonferrous smelting flue gas and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilou Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, JiangXi University of Science and Engineering, 86 Hongqi Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Bing Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Shu Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Bentao Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Kaisong Xiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Cao Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
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ZHANG AC, ZHANG ZH, SHI JM, CHEN GY, ZHOU CS, SUN LS. Effect of preparation methods on the performance of MnOx-TiO2 adsorbents for Hg0 removal and SO2 resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-5813(15)30038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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