1
|
Luo N, Yu R, Wen B, Li X, Zhang Q, Li X. Investigation of 200 anthropogenic activities in a representative alpine peatland in the Altay Mountains, northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34558-34568. [PMID: 38709407 PMCID: PMC11136768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Peatlands records can be used to reconstruct and understand the history of environmental evolution, as well as a more accurate reflection of human activities. The black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ideal natural archives of anthropogenic activities. To identify the information of anthropogenic activities recorded by peatlands in the middle and high latitudes of the alpine mountains in the arid and semi-arid regions of China. this study analyzed the concentrations of BC, δ13C ratios of BC, PAHs, and molecular diagnostic ratios of PHAs (including Benzo(a) anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (Chr), fluoranthene (Flt), anthracene (Ant), phenanthrene (Phe), Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), and pyrene (Pyr) in a 30-cm peat profile from the Altay Mountain, northwestern China. Our results revealed concentrations of BC from 11.71 to 67.5 mg·g-1, and PAHs from 168.09 to 263.53 ng·g-1. The δ13CBC value ranged from - 31.37 to - 26.27‰, with an average of - 29.54‰, indicating that the BC mainly comes from biomass combustion. The ratios of BaA/(BaA + Chr), Flt/(Flt + Pyr), and Ant/(Ant + Phe) exceeded 0.35, 0.5, and 0.1, respectively, revealing that the PAHs pollutants mainly originated from the combustion of biomass and fossil fuel burning. Furthermore, based on these findings and our knowledge of social development in Altay, industrial transport and tourism have influenced the emission, transport, and deposition of BC and PAH in peatlands in the Altay mountains since the 1980s. After 1980, pollutant concentrations decreased with the implementation of environmental policies. The results not only reveal the influence of anthropogenic activities on the sedimentary characteristics of peatlands in the Altay Mountains, but also provide an important theoretical basis for the conservation of fragile mountain peatlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Luo
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Bolong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo N, Wen B, Bao K, Yu R, Sun J, Li X, Liu X. Centennial records of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon in Altay Mountains peatlands, Xinjiang, China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1046076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is an important inert carbon component in the cycling process of surface carbon. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a kind of thick cyclic organic compounds with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. The incomplete burning process of biomass and carbolic fuel is the important source of their co-occurrence. This study collected a 60-cm peat core from the Jiadengyu (JDY), Altay Mountain. The core was dated using the 210Pb and 137Cs methods. The results showed BC, total organic carbon, and PAHs of the JDY peat core to be 1.14–72.6 mg g−1, 17.09–47.2%, and 260.58–1,610.77 ng·g−1, respectively. δ13CBC was between −31.5 and − 29.4‰ (mean of −30.56‰). The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated irregular or lumpy peat BC particles, retaining a plant fiber structure. δ13CBC, ratios of PAHs, and the SEM revealed that the BC to be the dominant source of biomass combustion in the peatland. BC showed an increasing trend between 1950 and 1980, after which it decreased. The discrepancy between the change in BC and δ13CBC from the national pattern of BC emission likely reflects the effect of local agricultural exploration, and thus an increase in crop burning.
Collapse
|
3
|
Min K, Li Y, Lin Y, Yang X, Chen Z, Chen B, Ma M, Liu Q, Jiang G. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Strategy for In Situ Quantification of Soot in Size-Segregated Air Samples. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15189-15197. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Min
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zigu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Taishan Institute for Ecology and Environment (TIEE), Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin Y, Huang X, Liu Y, Cao D, Lu D, Feng Z, Liu Q, Lin Z, Jiang G. Identification, Quantification, and Imaging of the Biodistribution of Soot Particles by Mass Spectral Fingerprinting. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6665-6672. [PMID: 33881821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soot is ubiquitous and has large detrimental effects on climate, air quality, and human health. However, identification of soot in carbonaceous media is very challenging due to its nanoscale carbon nature and complex sources. Due to the shortage in the methodology, until now, the fate and health effect of soot particles after inhalation are still poorly understood. Here, we report a new method for label-free identification, quantification, and imaging of soot particles in complex media based on laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry fingerprinting. We found that soot particles from different origins and with different morphologies showed highly consistent mass spectral fingerprints deriving from peak ratios of small carbon cluster anions (C2--C10-), which enabled both accurate quantification of soot in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples and label-free imaging of soot particles in biological media. By using this technique, we tracked and imaged the suborgan distribution of soot particles in mice after exposure to PM2.5. The results showed that the lung is the main target organ for short-term inhalation exposure to soot particles. This study helps to better understand the inhalation toxicology of soot and also provides a practical novel methodological platform for identification, tracing, and toxicological studies of elemental carbon-based nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zeming Feng
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng X, Liu M, Zhang Y, Meng Z, Achal V, Zhou T, Long L, She Q. The characteristics and local-regional contributions of atmospheric black carbon over urban and suburban locations in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113188. [PMID: 31541832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC), produced from the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels, has emerged as a major contributor to global climate change with adverse health effects. Based on one-year (2016.06.01-2017.06.30) equivalent black carbon (eBC) measurements, this study analyzed the characteristics of eBC concentrations and the local-regional contributions at an urban site (Pudong, PD) and a suburban site (Qingpu, QP) in Shanghai, China. The results showed that the annual average eBC concentrations were 1.17 ± 0.61 μg m-3 and 2.09 ± 0.97 μg m-3 at PD and QP, respectively. The high eBC concentrations occurred in winter and at weekends both for PD and QP. There were significant negative correlation coefficients between the daily eBC, the daily wind speed (WS) and the daily boundary layer height (BLH) at PD (rws: 0.45, rblh = -0.35, p < 0.01) and QP (rws: 0.49, rblh = -0.32, p < 0.01). And the relative higher eBC concentrations coincided with southerly, southwesterly and westerly winds although these winds had lower frequencies. This could be related to the agricultural fire in these directions during summer harvesttime. The significant partial correlation coefficients of eBC-CO (ru:0.37-0.64, rs:0.18-0.44, p < 0.01) and eBC-NO2 (ru:0.49-0.74, rs:0.38-0.75, p < 0.01) could suggest that eBC mainly come from vehicular exhaust emissions in Shanghai. Besides, the higher eBC/PM2.5 (5.29% ± 1.94%) and eBC/CO(0.30% ± 0.14%) at QP indicated the more combustion activities and diesel-powered vehicle emissions in suburban areas. The concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis indicated that the surrounding areas at the junction of Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces seemed to be relatively the most important sources outside of Shanghai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Peng
- Library, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC), Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Varenyam Achal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Taoye Zhou
- Pudong New Area Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Lingbo Long
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Qiannan She
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maraseni TN, Qu J, Yue B, Zeng J, Maroulis J. Dynamism of household carbon emissions (HCEs) from rural and urban regions of northern and southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20553-20566. [PMID: 27464658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
China contributes 23 % of global carbon emissions, of which 26 % originate from the household sector. Due to vast variations in both climatic conditions and the affordability and accessibility of fuels, household carbon emissions (HCEs) differ significantly across China. This study compares HCEs (per person) from urban and rural regions in northern China with their counterparts in southern China. Annual macroeconomic data for the study period 2005 to 2012 were obtained from Chinese government sources, whereas the direct HCEs for different types of fossil fuels were obtained using the IPCC reference approach, and indirect HCEs were calculated by input-output analysis. Results suggest that HCEs from urban areas are higher than those from rural areas. Regardless of the regions, there is a similarity in per person HCEs in urban areas, but the rural areas of northern China had significantly higher HCEs than those from southern China. The reasons for the similarity between urban areas and differences between rural areas and the percentage share of direct and indirect HCEs from different sources are discussed. Similarly, the reasons and solutions to why decarbonising policies are working in urban areas but not in rural areas are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tek Narayan Maraseni
- Information Center for Global Change Studies, Lanzhou Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Jiansheng Qu
- Information Center for Global Change Studies, Lanzhou Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Research School of Arid Environment and Climate Change, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bian Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Research School of Arid Environment and Climate Change, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Information Center for Global Change Studies, Lanzhou Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Research School of Arid Environment and Climate Change, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jerry Maroulis
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM) Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li G, Li Y, Zhang H, Li H, Gao G, Zhou Q, Gao Y, Li W, Sun H, Wang X, Zhang Q. Variation of airborne quartz in air of Beijing during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Economic Leaders' Meeting. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 39:62-68. [PMID: 26899645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quartz particles are a toxic component of airborne particulate matter (PM). Quartz concentrations were analyzed by X-ray diffraction in eighty-seven airborne PM samples collected from three locations in Beijing before, during, and after the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders' Meeting in 2014. The results showed that the mean concentrations of quartz in PM samples from the two urban sites were considerably higher than those from the rural site. The quartz concentrations in samples collected after the APEC meeting, when the pollution restriction lever was lifted, were higher than those in the samples collected before or during the APEC meeting. The quartz concentrations ranged from 0.97 to 13.2 μg/m(3), which were among the highest values amid those reported from other countries. The highest quartz concentration exceeded the Californian Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment reference exposure level and was close to the occupational threshold limit values for occupational settings. Moreover, a correlation analysis showed that quartz concentrations were positively correlated with concentrations of pollution parameters PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx, but were negatively correlated with O3 concentration. The results suggest that the airborne quartz particles may potentially pose health risks to the general population of Beijing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huizhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| |
Collapse
|