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Stefan DS, Bosomoiu M, Teodorescu G. The Behavior of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System-Comparison with Other Pipe Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3872. [PMID: 37835921 PMCID: PMC10575437 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner walls of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) are expected to be clean to ensure a safe quality of drinking water. Complex physical, chemical, and biological processes take place when water comes into contact with the pipe surface. This paper describes the impact of leaching different compounds from the water supply pipes into drinking water and subsequent risks. Among these compounds, there are heavy metals. It is necessary to prevent these metals from getting into the DWDS. Those compounds are susceptible to impacting the quality of the water delivered to the population either by leaching dangerous chemicals into water or by enhancing the development of microorganism growth on the pipe surface. The corrosion process of different pipe materials, scale formation mechanisms, and the impact of bacteria formed in corrosion layers are discussed. Water treatment processes and the pipe materials also affect the water composition. Pipe materials act differently in the flowing and stagnation conditions. Moreover, they age differently (e.g., metal-based pipes are subjected to corrosion while polymer-based pipes have a decreased mechanical resistance) and are susceptible to enhanced bacterial film formation. Water distribution pipes are a dynamic environment, therefore, the models that are used must consider the changes that occur over time. Mathematical modeling of the leaching process is complex and includes the description of corrosion development over time, correlated with a model for the biofilm formation and the disinfectants-corrosion products and disinfectants-biofilm interactions. The models used for these processes range from simple longitudinal dispersion models to Monte Carlo simulations and 3D modeling. This review helps to clarify what are the possible sources of compounds responsible for drinking water quality degradation. Additionally, it gives guidance on the measures that are needed to maintain stable and safe drinking water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Simina Stefan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.S.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Magdalena Bosomoiu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.S.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Georgeta Teodorescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.S.S.); (G.T.)
- Doctoral School, Specialization of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Wang Z, Li Y, Ren J, Xu W, Yang L. Investigating the effects of environment, corrosion degree, and distribution of corrosive microbial communities on service-life of refined oil pipelines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52204-52219. [PMID: 35260983 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the potential corrosive microbial communities of the refined oil pipelines can cause pipeline failure which directly threatens on soil and water environment, few studies have been published in this field. Therefore, the long-distance on-site internal corrosion detection and high-throughput sequencing techniques were employed in this study to investigate the distribution shifts of the corrosive microbial communities on the inner wall of a refined oil pipeline and its impact on the internal corrosion. The microorganisms colonizing on the inner wall of the pipeline showed significant distribution differences between the axial direction of the relative elevation and radial direction of the cross-section. On the inner wall, the high diversity and the abundance of the corrosive microbial communities induced serious microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), while the chemical corrosion and the synergy of the corrosive microbial communities accelerated the internal corrosion of the refined oil pipeline. A corrosion zone model has been proposed, which divides the pipeline cross-section into the sediment, the water-oil interface, the gas-oil interface, and the oil fully immersed zones. Therefore, the relationships between the environment, corrosion degree, and distribution characteristics of the corrosive microbial communities in the pipeline were analyzed. This research exhibited the importance of the distribution characteristics of the corrosive microorganisms on the inner wall of the refined oil pipelines. Its internal corrosion behavior was accurately explored, while providing a basis for controlling the corrosive microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengquan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yantao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Weichen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lihui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
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3
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Selective degradation of mixed dye pollutant in aqueous phase in the presence of ZnO/Al2O3 as sonophotocatalysis based on central composite design. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Fu Y, Peng H, Liu J, Nguyen TH, Hashmi MZ, Shen C. Occurrence and quantification of culturable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens in biofilm on different pipes from a metropolitan drinking water distribution system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142851. [PMID: 33097267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne pathogens have been found in biofilms grown in drinking water distribution system (DWDS). However, there is a lack of quantitative study on the culturability of pathogens in biofilms from metropolitan DWDS. In this study, we quantified culturable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae in biofilms collected from five kinds of pipes (galvanized steel pipe, steel pipe, stainless steel clad pipe, ductile cast iron pipe and polyethylene pipe) and associated drinking water at an actual chlorinated DWDS in use from China. The results of these comprehensive analyses revealed that pipe material is a significant factor influencing the culturability of pathogen and microbial communities. Network analysis of the culturable pathogens and 16S rRNA gene inferred potential interactions between microbiome and culturability of pathogens. Although the water quality met the Chinese national standard of drinking water, however, VBNC pathogens were detected in both biofilms and water from the DWDS. This investigation suggests that stainless steel clad pipe (SSCP) was a better choice for pathogen control compared with other metal pipes. To our knowledge, this is the first study on culturable and VBNC pathogens in biofilms of different pipe materials in metropolitan DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Fu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongxi Peng
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingqing Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | | | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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5
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Zhou X, Zhang K, Zhang T, Cen C, Pan R. Biotransformation of halophenols into earthy-musty haloanisoles: Investigation of dominant bacterial contributors in drinking water distribution systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123693. [PMID: 33264884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) can O-methylate toxic halophenols (HPs) into earthy-musty haloanisoles (HAs). However, the dominant HA-producing bacterial species and their O-methylation properties are still unknown. In this study, eight bacterial strains from DWDS were isolated and the community abundances of the related genera in bulk water and biofilms as well as their O-methylation properties were investigated. Among the genera discovered in this study, Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas are dominant and play important roles in DWDSs. All bacteria could simultaneously convert five HPs to the corresponding HAs. Two Sphingomonas ursincola strains mainly produced 2,3,6-trichloroanisole (2,3,6-TCA) (2.48 × 10-9-1.18 × 10-8 ng/CFU), 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) (8.12 × 10-10-3.11 × 10-9 ng/CFU) and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TBA) (2.95 × 10-9-3.21 × 10-9 ng/CFU), while two Pseudomonas moraviensis strains preferred to generate 2-monochloroanisole (2-MCA) (1.19 × 10-9-3.70 × 10-9 ng/CFU) and 2,4-dichloroanisole (2,4-DCA) (3.81 × 10-9-1.20 × 10-8 ng/CFU). Among the chloramphenicol-susceptible strains, four strains contained inducible O-methyltransferases (OMTs), while the O-methylations of the others were expressed constitutively. All bacteria could use S-adenosyl methionine as methyl donor. Potential taste and odor (T & O) risks of five HAs in DWDS followed an order of 2,4,6-TBA > 2,4,6-TCA > 2,3,6-TCA > 2,4-DCA > 2-MCA. The recommended 2,4,6-TCP criteria for T & O control is 0.003-0.07 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Cen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjie Pan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Bakalár T, Kaňuchová M, Girová A, Pavolová H, Hromada R, Hajduová Z. Characterization of Fe(III) Adsorption onto Zeolite and Bentonite. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165718. [PMID: 32784702 PMCID: PMC7460527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the adsorption of Fe(III) from aqueous solution on zeolite and bentonite was investigated by combining batch adsorption technique, Atomic adsorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Although iron is commonly found in water and is an essential bioelement, many industrial processes require efficient removal of iron from water. Two types of zeolite and two types of bentonite were used. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities for removal of Fe (III) by Zeolite Micro 20, Zeolite Micro 50, blue bentonite, and brown bentonite were 10.19, 9.73, 11.64, and 16.65 mg.g−1, respectively. Based on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of the raw samples and the solid residues after sorption at low and high initial Fe concentrations, the Fe content is different in the surface layer and in the bulk of the material. In the case of lower initial Fe concentration (200 mg.dm−3), more than 95% of Fe is adsorbed in the surface layer. In the case of higher initial Fe concentration (4000 mg.dm−3), only about 45% and 61% of Fe is adsorbent in the surface layer of zeolite and bentonite, respectively; the rest is adsorbed in deeper layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Bakalár
- Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (T.B.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Mária Kaňuchová
- Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (T.B.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Anna Girová
- Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (T.B.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Henrieta Pavolová
- Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (T.B.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Rudolf Hromada
- Institute of Hygiene of Animals and Environment, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Hajduová
- Faculty of Business Management, University of Economics in Bratislava, 852 35 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-55-911-404-473
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7
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Si Z, Song X, Wang Y, Cao X, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ge X, Sand W. Untangling the nitrate removal pathways for a constructed wetland- sponge iron coupled system and the impacts of sponge iron on a wetland ecosystem. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122407. [PMID: 32135362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sponge iron (s-Fe0) is a potential alternative electron donor for nitrate reduction. To gain insight into the mechanism of denitrification in a constructed wetland- sponge iron coupled system (CW-Fe0 system), the removal performance and reduction characteristics of nitrate in constructed wetlands (CWs) with and without s-Fe0 application were compared. Results indicated that s-Fe0 intensified the removal of nitrate with a 6h-HRT. The nitrate removal efficiency was improved by 16-76 % with various influent NO3--N concentrations (10-30 mg L-1) and at a chemical oxygen demand(COD)/N ratio of 5. The rates of chemical denitrification were positively correlated with the dosage of s-Fe0 and negatively correlated with the influent COD concentration. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that hydrogen-utilizing autotrophic denitrifier of Hydrogenophaga was highly enriched (accounting for 10 % of the total OTUs) only in CW-Fe0 system. The micro-environment created by s-Fe0 was suitable for heterotrophic denitrifiers of Thauera, Tessaracoccus and Simplicispira. The determination of physiological indicators for plants showed that the application of s-Fe0 causes abiotic stress to wetland plants (Canna indica L.). Nevertheless, s-Fe0 can be used as a substrate for CWs, since it allows a high-efficiency removal of nitrate by mediating chemical denitrification and hydrogen-driven autotrophic denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Si
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinshan Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Yuhui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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8
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Abbas MA, Zakaria K, El-Shamy AM, Abedin SZE. Utilization of 1-butylpyrrolidinium Chloride Ionic Liquid as an Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitor and Biocide for Oilfield Equipment: Combined Weight Loss, Electrochemical and SEM Studies. Z PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the help of the weight loss, and electrochemical techniques the suppressing action of the commercially available ionic liquid, 1-butylpyrrolidinium chloride [BPm1,1] Cl for carbon steel corrosion in 3.5% NaCl medium was scrutinized. It found that this compound acts as an excellent inhibitor with protection performance raised by an increase of its concentration and temperature. The adsorption behavior of the investigated ionic liquid was a mixed-type inhibitor subordinating Langmuir adsorption isotherm. To expounding adsorption and corrosion inhibition mechanisms, various thermodynamics and activation parameters such as adsorption constant (Kads), Gibb’s standard free energy (
Δ
G
∗
$\Delta{{\text{G}}^{\ast}}$
), activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (
Δ
H
∗
$\Delta{{\text{H}}^{\ast}}$
), and activation entropy (
Δ
S
∗
$\Delta{{\text{S}}^{\ast}}$
) were determined and debated. It has appeared that there is a strong interaction between the inhibitor molecules and the carbon steel surface in a predominantly chemisorptions manner. The presence of a protective inhibitor film on the metal surface was confirmed using a corroborative SEM tool. Moreover, the IL has screened for antibacterial activity against planktonic and sessile microorganisms. The obtained results emphasized that the utilized ionic liquid can be regarded as an efficacious biocide for both bacterial strains with a dissimilar efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abbas
- Petroleum Applications Department , Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute , Nasr City, P.B. 11727 , Cairo , Egypt , Tel.: +20 2 22745902, Fax: +20 2 22747433
| | - Khaled Zakaria
- Analysis and Evaluation Department , Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute , Nasr City, P.B. 11727 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ashraf M. El-Shamy
- Physical Chemistry Department, Electrochemistry and Corrosion laboratory , National Research Centre , El-Bohouth St. 33, Dokki, P.O. 12622 , Giza , Egypt
| | - Sherif Zein El Abedin
- Physical Chemistry Department, Electrochemistry and Corrosion laboratory , National Research Centre , El-Bohouth St. 33, Dokki, P.O. 12622 , Giza , Egypt
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9
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Zhou S, Zhang Y, Huang T, Liu Y, Fang K, Zhang C. Microbial aerobic denitrification dominates nitrogen losses from reservoir ecosystem in the spring of Zhoucun reservoir. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:998-1010. [PMID: 30266057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism and factors influencing nitrogen loss in the Zhoucun reservoir were explored during the spring. The results showed that the nitrate and total nitrogen concentration decreased from 1.84 ± 0.01 mg/L and 2.34 ± 0.06 mg/L to 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/L and 0.48 ± 0.09 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the nitrate and total nitrogen removal rate reached 97.02% ± 0.25 and 79.38% ± 3.32, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of nirS gene and aerobic denitrification bacteria increased from 1.04-3.38 × 103 copies/mL and 0.71 ± 0.22 × 102 cfu/mL to 5.36-5.81 × 103 copies/mL and 8.64 ± 2.08 × 103 cfu/mL, respectively. The low MW fractions of DOM (<5 kDa) increased from 0.94 ± 0.02 mg/L in February to 1.51 ± 0.09 mg/L in April. E3/E4 and absorption spectral slope ratio (SR) showed that fulvic acid accounted for the main proportion with autochthonous characteristics. These findings were consistent with the fluorescence components and fluorescence characteristic indices based on EEM-PARAFAC. Meanwhile, the microbial metabolism activity increased significantly from February to April, which contributed to the cycle of nutrients within the reservoir water system. Moreover, the abundance of the bacterial species involved in denitrification (Exiguobacterium, Brevundimonas, Deinococcus, Paracoccus, and Pseudomonas) increased significantly. The relative abundance of KOs related to nitrogen metabolism, were initially increased and then decreased. Specifically, K02567 (napA) represented the main proportion of KOs related to denitrification. The abundance of napA-type denitrifying bacteria (Dechloromonas, Pseudomonas, Azospira, Rhodopseudomonas, Aeromonas, Zobellella, Sulfuritalea, Bradyrhizobium, Achromobacter, Enterobacter, Thauera, and Magnetospirillum) increased significantly during the period of nitrogen loss. Furthermore, the levels of nitrate, T, DO, and AWCD were the most important factors affecting the N-functional bacteria composition. The systematic investigation of the nitrogen loss would provide a theoretical foundation for the remediation of the water reservoir via aerobic denitrification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Zhou
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Kaikai Fang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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10
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Liu D, Jin J, Liang S, Zhang J. Characteristics of water quality and bacterial communities in three water supply pipelines. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4035-4047. [PMID: 35518077 PMCID: PMC9060443 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cities in China have implemented urban water supply pipe network renovation projects; however, at the beginning of new pipeline replacements, customers often complain about water quality problems, such as red water, odour and other water quality problems. To overcome these frequent water quality problems, this study selected a commonly used ductile cast iron (DCI) pipe, stainless steel (SS) pipe and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe for laboratory simulations of the water quality regularity of new pipes, the variations in pipe inner walls, and the presence of microbial communities. Based on the research results, combined with actual water sample analysis, the stabilisation time of the interaction between the tubings inner walls and bulk water was determined, to allow pipeline cleaning and water quality maintenance. The results showed that the water quality change in the DCI was the most significant, while the SS and the HDPE pipes showed consistent changes with severe initial deterioration, then later stabilisation to meet the required standard. The DCI inner wall changed from a loose porous particle shape to a relatively dense and irregular three-dimensional shape, with the constituent elements mainly being O and Ca. The SS inner wall had a uniform structure in the early stage, but are obvious spherical balls of different sizes formed later, with the elemental composition here mainly being C and O. The HDPE inner wall was smooth and had small perforations in the early stage, while the perforation in the middle and late stages increased to become rough and scale-like at a much later stage. The proportion of Proteobacteria in effluents (72.82% to 86.87%) was significantly increased compared with the influent (48.45%), while the proportion of Proteobacteria (86.87%) in the DCI was significantly higher than in the SS (74.28%) and HDPE pipes (81.68%). Moreover, compared with the influent (23.33%), the Bacteroidetes (2.79% to 3.32%) levels in the effluents were significantly reduced, indicating that the pipe material affects the microbial abundance in water. Factory water interacts with pipelines resulting in water quality deterioration. To stop this happening and to improve the selection of water supply pipes, it is important to study the water quality, the inner wall of the pipeline, and the microbial community.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongpo Liu
- Shenzhen Water (Group) Co., Ltd
- Shenzhen
- China
- School of Civil Engineering
- Guangzhou
| | - Juntao Jin
- Shenzhen Water (Group) Co., Ltd
- Shenzhen
- China
- Cooperative Research and Education Centre for Environment Technology of Tsinghua
- Kyoto University
| | - Sichen Liang
- Shenzhen Water (Group) Co., Ltd
- Shenzhen
- China
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Shenzhen Water (Group) Co., Ltd
- Shenzhen
- China
- School of Civil Engineering
- Guangzhou
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