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Yang J, Zeren Y, Guo H, Wang Y, Lyu X, Zhou B, Gao H, Yao D, Wang Z, Zhao S, Li J, Zhang G. Wintertime ozone surges: The critical role of alkene ozonolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100477. [PMID: 39280590 PMCID: PMC11402162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is usually linked to warm weather and strong solar radiation, making it uncommon in cold winters. However, an unusual occurrence of four high O3 episode days (with maximum hourly concentrations exceeding 100 ppbv and peaking at 121 ppbv) was recorded in January 2018 in Lanzhou city, China. During these episodes, the average daytime concentration of total non-methane volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) reached 153.4 ± 19.0 ppbv, with alkenes-largely emitted from the local petrochemical industry-comprising 82.3 ± 13.1 ppbv. Here we show a photochemical box model coupled with a Master Chemical Mechanism to elucidate the mechanisms behind this unusual wintertime O3 pollution. We find that the typically low temperatures (-1.7 ± 1.3 °C) and weak solar radiation (263.6 ± 60.7 W m- 2) of those winter episode days had a minimal effect on the reactivity of VOCs with OH radicals. Instead, the ozonolysis of alkenes generated Criegee intermediates, which rapidly decomposed into substantial RO x radicals (OH, HO2, and RO2) without sunlight. This radical production led to the oxidation of VOCs, with alkene ozonolysis ultimately contributing to 89.6 ± 8.7% of the O3 formation during these episodes. This mechanism did not activate at night due to the depletion of O3 by the NO titration effect. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a reduction of alkenes by 28.6% or NO x by 27.7% in the early afternoon could significantly mitigate wintertime O3 pollution. Overall, this study unravels the unique mechanism of alkene-induced winter O3 pollution and offers a reference for winter O3 reduction strategies in the petrochemical industrial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kowloon, 999077, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangzong Zeren
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kowloon, 999077, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kowloon, 999077, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kowloon, 999077, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaopu Lyu
- Department of Geography & Smart Society Lab, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Beining Zhou
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kowloon, 999077, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Dawen Yao
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kowloon, 999077, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511443, China
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Komal, Soni D, Singh K, Aggarwal SG. Comparative measurement of CO 2, CH 4 and CO at two traffic interjunctions having inflated vehicular flow in Delhi. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:314-329. [PMID: 38408831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Vehicular emissions are considered one of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases and poor air quality in metropolitan cities. This study aims to see the correlation of CO2, CH4, and CO through monitoring over a period from December 2020 to October 2021 covering three seasons' winter, summer, and monsoon at two different traffic locations of Delhi having different traffic volumes, road patterns, and traffic management. The annual average morning concentration of CO2, CH4 and CO was found (533 ± 105), (7.3 ± 3.1), (10.7 ± 3.0) ppm at Najafgarh and (480 ± 70), (5.2 ± 1.8), (7.8 ± 2.8) ppm at Rajendra Place, respectively. A relationship between concentration of all three gases and meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction has also been investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient and pollution rose diagram. A comparable pattern in concentration was observed for all three gases in spatial (location) and temporal (diurnal) distribution. The concentration trend of CO2 in different seasons is winter > summer > monsoon, while in the case of CH4 winter = summer > monsoon but not any seasonal trend was noted in CO case. It is observed that CO2 has a good relation with CO (a tracer for vehicular emission) in terms of diurnal variation, whereas, CH4 does not represent a relation with CO and CO2 diurnally, suggesting that vehicles are the source of CO2 but not much contributing to other greenhouse gases like CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Daya Soni
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Khem Singh
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shankar G Aggarwal
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Liu B, Xia H, Jiang C, Jiang C, Riaz M, Yang L, Chen Y, Fan X, Zhang Z, Duan X, Wu M, Xia X. Straw Addition Enhances Crop Yield, Soil Aggregation, and Soil Microorganisms in a 14-Year Wheat-Rice Rotation System in Central China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:985. [PMID: 38611514 PMCID: PMC11013638 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Straw return utilizes waste resources to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers worldwide. However, information is still lacking on the relative impact of straw return on soil fertility, the nutrient composition of different soil aggregates, and soil microbial communities. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the effects of different management practices on the crop yield, soil fertility, and soil community composition in a 14-year wheat-rice rotation system. The treatments included a control (without fertilizer and straw addition), chemical fertilization (NPK), straw return without fertilizer (S), and straw addition with chemical fertilizer (NPKS). The results showed that NPKS improved the wheat and rice yield by 185.12% and 88.02%, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. Additionally, compared to the CK treatment, the N, P, and K contents of the wheat stem were increased by 39.02%, 125%, and 20.23% under the NPKS treatment. Compared to the CK treatment, SOM, TN, TP, AN, AP, AK, CEC, AFe, AMn, ACu, and AZn were increased by 49.12%, 32.62%, 35.06%, 22.89%, 129.36%, 48.34%, 13.40%, 133.95%, 58.98%, 18.26% and 33.33% under the NPKS treatment, respectively. Moreover, straw addition promoted the creation and stabilization of macro-aggregates in crop soils. The relative abundance of macro-aggregates (0.25-2 mm) increased from 37.49% to 52.97%. Straw addition was associated with a higher proportion of aromatic and carbonyl carbon groups in the soil, which, in turn, promoted the formation of macro-aggregates. Redundancy analysis showed that straw return significantly increased the microbial community diversity. These findings demonstrate that straw addition together with chemical fertilizer could increase the crop yield by improving soil fertility, soil aggregate stability, and the diversity of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China (Y.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Hao Xia
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (AAAS), Hefei 230001, China
| | - Chaoqiang Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (AAAS), Hefei 230001, China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China (Y.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China (Y.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Xianpeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China (Y.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China (Y.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China (Y.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Maoqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China (Y.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiange Xia
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China (Y.C.); (M.W.)
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Quantum chemistry study on the formation of OH radical for NO oxidation by heterogeneous Fenton reaction. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effects of Low-Carbon Visualizations in Landscape Design Based on Virtual Eye-Movement Behavior Preference. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional geovisualization in landscape design can be used to evaluate the efforts of mitigating CO2 emissions. This study evaluated subjects’ emotional preferences for 3D landscape design through an eye movement tracking experiment. In the case that the color of the building materials was positively correlated with low carbon emissions, green, blue, and gray were typical representatives of low carbon emissions. Through the eye movement tracking experiment, subjects’ emotional preferences for different building colors were obtained. The results show that the fixation trajectory is consistent with the preset green and energy saving parameters, and the design effect of the architectural landscape can be evaluated by detecting virtual eye movement tracking. There is a coupling relationship between virtual eye movement tracking, expert interviews, and evaluation results, so that it presents a logical relationship between virtual eye movement, the color of low-carbon materials, and carbon emissions. In addition, the affective preference analysis and entropy weight method confirmed their effectiveness in the evaluation of the 3D landscape design effect, which had a positive impact on the CO2 emission reduction of the construction industry. These results will contribute to the development of 3D landscape design in the architecture industry and provide new ideas and methods for the carbon peak project.
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Zhang Y, Yu Z, Zhang J. Research on carbon emission differences decomposition and spatial heterogeneity pattern of China's eight economic regions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29976-29992. [PMID: 34997485 PMCID: PMC8741551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To explore the sources of regional carbon emission differences and the evolution characteristics of spatial heterogeneity pattern, this paper first calculates the corresponding carbon emissions according to the relevant statistical data of eight economic regions in China from 2005 to 2019. It analyzes the overall differences and temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of regional carbon emissions combined with the visualization method of GIS. Then, the total carbon emission difference is decomposed by the Theil index to find out the primary sources affecting the regional carbon emission difference. Finally, the driving factors affecting the spatial heterogeneity pattern of regional carbon emissions are studied with the help of the Geodetector method. The results show that (1) significant differences in carbon emissions among China's eight economic regions. The contribution rate of inter-regional and intra-regional differences of carbon emissions in different regions to the overall carbon emission difference is diverse. (2) Regional carbon emissions are affected by single driving factors and the interaction of two driving factors. The interaction has an increasing impact on the determinant of regional carbon emission spatial differentiation. (3) The factor detection results and interaction detection results, respectively, show that the level of energy consumption, industrialization, and technological development has always been the main driving factors affecting the spatial heterogeneity pattern of regional carbon emissions, and the critical interaction factors have multiple spatial superposition interaction effects. Therefore, regional carbon emission reduction should consider the national strategic objectives and own regional characteristics and implement differentiated emission reduction schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Architectural Engineering, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
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7
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Preparation Methods and Performance Analysis of Polyanthra-Quinone/Carbon Nanotube Composites for Capturing Carbon Dioxide. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon capture is one of the important methods to achieve carbon neutrality. In this paper, a simple and reliable method for the preparation of poly(anthraquinone)/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites (PAQ/MWCNTs) for capturing carbon dioxide is proposed. Using constant magnetic stirring, 1,4-anthraquinone (1,4-AQ) was allowed to accumulate on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) substrates via π–π. The poly(anthraquinone)/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites were produced by this continuous process. Besides, the carbon cloth electrode prepared from PAQ/MWCNTs composites was subjected to redox potentials for carbon dioxide capture. Results showed that PAQ/MWCNTs composites had good redox reversibility, their carbon dioxide capture capacity was 7.80 mmol·g−1 while the material utilization rate reaches reached 73.4%.
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8
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Contributions of Natural Carbon Sink Capacity and Carbon Neutrality in the Context of Net-Zero Carbon Cities: A Case Study of Hangzhou. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Facing the global climate change crisis, many cities have proposed the goal to achieve net-zero carbon cities. The natural carbon sink in urban space is indispensable for net-zero carbon cities, but the existing measurement system has shortcomings in the measurement elements and precision. This leads to unclear control objectives and elements of spatial planning, and the relevant planning strategies lack the support of quantitative results. We included the often-ignored natural carbon sink space and soil in the measurement scope. Taking Hangzhou as an example, we built a natural carbon sink capacity measurement system with respect to the carbon sequestration and storage capacity, measured the natural carbon sink, and evaluated its carbon neutrality’s contribution in urban space. The results showed that the carbon sink capacity of soil and small green spaces in built-up areas could affect the quantity and spatial pattern of the measurement results. Both should be included in the measurement system to improve corresponding spatial planning strategies’ reliability and feasibility. Additionally, Hangzhou’s annual natural carbon sequestration offset approximately 9.87% of the carbon emissions in the same year. With respect to the contribution to carbon neutrality, the role of natural carbon sinks in urban space was necessary, but the effect was limited. Therefore, strategies to reduce carbon emissions are integral for the net-zero carbon goal. Some spatial planning strategies to improve the urban natural carbon sink capacity are discussed. A more precise and comprehensive understanding of the urban natural carbon sink capacity can support the construction of a net-zero carbon city better.
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9
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Research on the Pathway of Green Financial System to Implement the Realization of China's Carbon Neutrality Target. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042451. [PMID: 35206639 PMCID: PMC8872555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To answer to global climate change, promote climate governance and map out a grand blueprint for sustainable development, carbon neutrality has become the target and vision of all countries. Green finance is a means to coordinate economic development and environmental governance. This paper mainly studies the trend of carbon emission reduction in China in the next 40 years under the influence of green finance development and how to develop and improve China’s green finance system to help China achieve the goal of “carbon neutrality by 2060”. The research process and conclusions are as follows: (1) Through correlation test and data analysis, it is concluded that the development of green finance is an important driving force to achieve carbon neutrality. (2) The grey prediction GM (1,1) model is used to forecast the data of carbon dioxide emissions, green credit balance, green bond issuance scale and green project investment in China from 2020 to 2060. The results show that they will all increase year by year in the next 40 years. (3) BP neural network model is used to further predict carbon dioxide emissions from 2020 to 2060. It is expected that China’s CO2 emissions will show an “inverted V” trend in the next 40 years, and China is expected to achieve a carbon peak in 2032 and be carbon neutral in 2063. Based on the results of the research above, this paper provides a supported path of implementing the realization of the carbon-neutral target of China from the perspective of developing and improving green financial system, aiming to provide references for China to realize the vision of carbon neutrality, providing policy suggestions for relevant departments, and provide ideas for other countries to accelerate the realization of carbon neutrality.
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Liu X, Guo H, Zeng L, Lyu X, Wang Y, Zeren Y, Yang J, Zhang L, Zhao S, Li J, Zhang G. Photochemical ozone pollution in five Chinese megacities in summer 2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149603. [PMID: 34416603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate photochemical ozone (O3) pollution in urban areas in China, O3 and its precursors and meteorological parameters were simultaneously measured in five megacities in China in summer 2018. Moderate wind speeds, strong solar radiation and high temperature were observed in all cities, indicating favorable meteorological conditions for local O3 formation. However, the unusually frequent precipitation caused by typhoons reaching the eastern coastline resulted in the least severe air pollution in Shanghai. The highest O3 level was found in Beijing, followed by Lanzhou and Wuhan, while relatively lower O3 value was recorded in Chengdu and Shanghai. Photochemical box model simulations revealed that net O3 production rate in Lanzhou was the largest, followed by Beijing, Wuhan and Chengdu, while it was the lowest in Shanghai. Besides, the O3 formation was mainly controlled by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in most cities, but co-limited by VOCs and nitrogen oxides in Lanzhou. Moreover, the dominant VOC groups contributing to O3 formation were oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) in Beijing and Wuhan, alkenes in Lanzhou, and aromatics and OVOCs in Shanghai and Chengdu. Source apportionment analysis identified six sources of O3 precursors in these cities, including liquefied petroleum gas usage, diesel exhaust, gasoline exhaust, industrial emissions, solvent usage, and biogenic emissions. Gasoline exhaust dominated the O3 formation in Beijing, and LPG usage and industrial emissions made comparable contributions in Lanzhou, while LPG usage and solvent usage played a leading role in Wuhan and Chengdu, respectively. The findings are helpful to mitigate O3 pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Liu
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lewei Zeng
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaopu Lyu
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzong Zeren
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Kong Y, Sun H, Zhang S, Zhao B, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Li H. Oxidation process of lead sulfide nanoparticle in the atmosphere or natural water and influence on toxicity toward Chlorella vulgaris. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126016. [PMID: 33992015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead sulfide nanoparticle (nano-PbS) released into environment can cause hazards to human or ecosystem. Nano-PbS potentially undergoes oxidation in the environment, but oxidation mechanism is not understood yet. Herein, oxidation kinetics and products of nano-PbS by ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (HO·) in the atmosphere or natural water were investigated. Results show that oxidation process of nano-PbS can be divided into three stages, producing sulfate, ions and oxides of lead in sequence. O3 or HO·leads to faster release of ionic lead from nano-PbS in the initial stage than H2O2, but causes significant decrease of ionic lead by transforming divalent lead to tetravalent lead oxides in the second or third stage. Toxicity determined taking Chlorella Vulgaris as an example follows an order of PbO2 < Pb3O4 < nano-PbS < PbO < PbSO4. Toxicity of lead particles is mainly determined by sizes influencing cellular uptake and solubility product constant (Ksp) related with dissolution of lead in cells. The results indicate that the toxicity of nano-PbS increases in an initial oxidation stage and decreases in further oxidation stages. This study provides new insights into environmental behavior of nano-PbS and mechanism understandings for assessing ecological risks of nano-PbS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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12
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Wang G, Ma S, Niu X, Chen X, Liu F, Li X, Li L, Shi G, Wu Z. Barrierless HONO and HOS(O)2-NO 2 Formation via NH 3-Promoted Oxidation of SO 2 by NO 2. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2666-2672. [PMID: 33754720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the troposphere, the knowledge about nitrous acid (HONO) sources is incomplete. The missing source of sulfate and fine particles cannot be explained during haze events. Air quality models cannot predict high levels of secondary fine-particle pollution. Despite extensive studies, one challenging issue in atmospheric chemistry is identifying the source of HONO. Here, we present direct ab initio molecular dynamics simulation evidence and typical air pollution events of the formation of gaseous HONO, nitrogen dioxide/hydrogen sulfite (HOS(O)2-NO2 or NO2-HSO3) from nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), water (H2O), and ammonia (NH3) molecules in a proportion of 2:1:3:3. The reactions show a new mechanism for the formation of HONO and NO2-HSO3 in the troposphere, especially when the concentration of NO2, SO2, H2O, and NH3 is high (e.g., 2:1:3:3 or higher) in the air. Contrary to the proportion NO2, SO2, H2O, and NH3 equaling to 1:1:3:1 and 1:1:3:2, the proportion (2:1:3:3) enables barrierless reactions and weak interactions between molecules via the formation of HONO, NO2-HSO3, and NH3/H2O. In addition, field observations are carried out, and the measured data are summarized. Correlation analysis supported the conversion of NO2 to HONO during observational studies. The weak interactions promote proton transfer, resulting in the generation of HONO, NO2-HSO3, and NH3/H2O pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shangrong Ma
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiuli Niu
- Gansu Food Inspection and Research Institute, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xuefu Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Fengshuo Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Gaofeng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (Peking University), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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