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Li P, Chen C, Liu D, Lian J, Li W, Fan C, Yan L, Gao Y, Wang M, Liu H, Pan X, Mao J. Characteristics and source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds and ozone generation sensitivity in urban Jiaozuo, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:607-625. [PMID: 38135424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many cities have taken measures to reduce volatile organic compounds (VOCs), an important precursor of ozone (O3), to alleviate O3 pollution in China. 116 VOC species were measured by online and offline methods in the urban area of Jiaozuo from May to October in 2021 to analyze the compositional characteristics. VOC sources were analyzed by a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, and the sensitivity of ozone generation was determined by ozone isopleth plotting research (OZIPR) simulation. The results showed that the average volume concentration of total VOCs was 30.54 ppbv and showed a bimodal feature due to the rush-hour traffic in the morning and at nightfall. The most dominant VOC groups were oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, 29.3%) and alkanes (26.7%), and the most abundant VOC species were acetone and acetylene. However, based on the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method, the major VOC groups in terms of ozone formation potential (OFP) contribution were OVOCs (68.09 µg/m3, 31.5%), aromatics (62.90 µg/m3, 29.1%) and alkene/alkynes (54.90 µg/m3, 25.4%). This indicates that the control of OVOCs, aromatics and alkene/alkynes should take priority. Five sources of VOCs were quantified by PMF, including fixed sources of fossil fuel combustion (27.8%), industrial processes (25.9%), vehicle exhaust (19.7%), natural and secondary formation (13.9%) and solvent usage (12.7%). The empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA) curve obtained by OZIPR on O3 exceedance days indicated that the O3 sensitivity varied in different months. The results provide theoretical support for O3 pollution prevention and control in Jiaozuo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhao Li
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chun Chen
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring Technology, Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring and Safety Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring Technology, Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring and Safety Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jie Lian
- Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chuanyi Fan
- Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Liangyu Yan
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jing Mao
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Du Z, Li H, Nie L, Yao Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen S. High-solution emission characters and health risks of volatile organic compounds for sprayers in automobile repair industries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22679-22693. [PMID: 38411906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing automobile repair industries (ARIs) with spray facilities have become an important volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution source in China. However, the VOC health risk assessment for long-term exposure in ARIs has not been well characterized. In this study, though sampled VOCs from 51 typical ARIs in Beijing, the relationship between emission patterns, average daily exposure concentrations (EC), and health risks was comprehensively analyzed with the health assessment method. Results showed that concentrations of 117 VOCs from the samples ranged from 68.53 to 19863.32 μg·m-3, while the ARI operator's daily VOC inhalation EC was 11.24-1460.70 μg·m-3. The organic VOC (OVOC) concentration accounted for 73.16 ~ 94.52% in the solvent-based paint workshops, while aromatics were the main VOC component in water-based paint spraying (WPS) workshops, accounting for 70.08%, respectively. And the method of inhalation exposure health risk assessment was firstly used to evaluate carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity risk for sprayers in ARIs. The cumulative lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) for 24 sampled VOCs were within acceptable ranges, while the mean hazard index (HI) for 1 year with 44 sampled VOCs was over 1. Among them, ethyl alcohol had a high carcinogenic risk in both mixed water-based paint (MP) and solvent-based paint workshops. The mean HI associated with aromatics were 2.88E - 3 and 4.30E - 3 for 1 h in MP and WPS workshops. O-ethyl toluene and acetone are VOC components that need to be paid attention to in future paint raw materials and spraying operations. Our study will provide the important references for the standard of VOC occupational exposure health limits in ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxia Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Nie
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
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Xing C, Liu C, Lin J, Tan W, Liu T. VOCs hyperspectral imaging: A new insight into evaluate emissions and the corresponding health risk from industries. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132573. [PMID: 37729711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The harm of VOCs emitted from industries to surrounding atmospheric environment and human health was well known and had received continuous attention. In order to improve the quality of urban atmospheric environment and the living environment of urban residents, a large number of original urban industries had been relocated to economically underdeveloped suburbs, which has significantly deteriorated the atmospheric environment in these areas and brought potential health risks to local vulnerable residents, which is actually an unfair manifestation under the background of economic development and ecological civilization construction. There were many residents near industrial parks, but there was a significant lack of VOCs monitoring equipment and data. At present, the time resolution of the most commonly used in situ method was seriously insufficient, and it was unable to quantify the diffusion/transport process of VOCs. It was urgent to have effective detection methods for industrial VOCs plume concentration and diffusion/transport process. In this study, we proposed a hyperspectral imaging technology, which can realize long-term continuous imaging monitoring on plume concentrations of formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO) and benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) and their corresponding diffusion processes. The deviation between the imaging and in situ sampling concentrations in the outlet was 4-19 %. The spatial resolution of this technique reached meter level, and the temporal resolution of one pixel was better than 20 s. In this study, we carried out hyperspectral imaging of aldehyde VOCs for a chemical facility, a petrochemical facility and an industrial park containing various types of enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta. The maximum observed concentration of HCHO was 120.44 ± 12.14 ug/m3 with the emission flux of 39.27 ± 3.97 g/h, which was emitted from a petrochemical facility in Shanghai. A diffusion/transport model was established, and we found that the spatial distribution of HCHO, CHOCHO and C6H5CHO for the chemical facility case in Shanghai were all mainly along the southeast-northwest direction during one year. The health risk assessment emphasized that residents within 10 km north of the outlet of the chemical facility in Shanghai should pay more attention to the health risks caused by industrial HCHO emissions. More systematically and comprehensively hyperspectral imaging of VOCs emissions for different types of enterprises and different processes were expected to performed to greatly promote the establishment of a dynamic emission inventory and an effective health risk evaluation system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jinan Lin
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Ma J, Li L. VOC emitted by biopharmaceutical industries: Source profiles, health risks, and secondary pollution. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:570-584. [PMID: 37778828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical industry contributes substantially to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions, causing growing concerns and social developmental conflicts. This study conducted an on-site investigation of the process-based emission of VOCs from three biopharmaceutical enterprises. In the workshops of the three enterprises, 26 VOCs were detected, which could be sorted into 4 classes: hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Ketones were the main components of waste gases, accounting for 44.13%-77.85% of the overall VOCs. Process-based source profiles were compiled for each process unit, with the fermentation and extraction units of tiamulin fumarate being the main source of VOC emissions. Dimethyl heptanone, vinyl acetate, diethylamine, propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME), and benzene were screened as priority pollutants through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system. Ground level concentration simulation results of the Gauss plume diffusion model demonstrated that the diffusivity of VOCs in the atmosphere was relatively high, indicating potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks 1.5-2 km downwind. Furthermore, the process-based formation potentials of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) were determined and indicated that N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl heptanone, and PGME should be preferentially controlled to reduce the ozone formation potential, whereas the control of benzene and chlorobenzene should be prioritized to reduce the generation of SOAs. Our results provide a basis for understanding the characteristics of VOC emission by biopharmaceutical industries and their diffusion, potentially allowing the development of measures to reduce health risks and secondary pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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Lu L, Xiao T, Yang X, Zhou X, Yan J. Refinement and predicting formaldehyde concentrations of indoor fabric: Effects of temperature and humidity. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140096. [PMID: 37683950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution resulting from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a significant health concern, especially formaldehyde. Therefore, predicting indoor formaldehyde concentration is essential for environmental control. In this research, the authors develop a thermal and wet coupling calculation model of porous fabric that considers the influence of different phases of wet components and the coupling effect of heat and humidity on formaldehyde migration. We propose a modified calculation method of the formaldehyde mass transfer characteristic parameters of fabric to obtain the diffusion coefficient D and partition coefficient K. The heat and humidity coupling model and formaldehyde mass transfer model of fabric are simultaneously solved, and the authors analyze the influence mechanism of fabric loading rate, fabric type, temperature, and humidity on indoor formaldehyde mass transfer characteristics. We study the variation trend of fabric formaldehyde mass transfer characteristics coefficient and the temporal and spatial distribution of indoor formaldehyde concentration. The theoretical model is applied to practical problems by pre-evaluating the indoor formaldehyde concentration of decorated residential buildings in typical climate areas of China before occupancy. The authors obtain the variation rule of indoor formaldehyde concentration of residential buildings under typical hot and humid climate conditions, building materials, furniture, and fabrics. To provide theoretical support for indoor environmental control and human health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Lu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jinyue Yan
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Future Energy Profile, School of Business, Society, and Engineering, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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Wang Y, Song H, Li L, Ma J, Yu F. Generation characteristics and spreading risk of VOCs released from a biological fermentation pharmaceutical factory. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:507-518. [PMID: 36606575 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00378c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical factories produce a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may pose a potential health threat to the environment, workers, and nearby residents. Sampling points were set up in the tylosin biological fermentation workshop (FW) and sewage treatment station (STS) of a pharmaceutical factory in a central city in northern China to collect VOCs and study their generation characteristics and diffusion. The results indicated that with the increase in fermentation time, VOC production decreased gradually, and the decline was rapid. The main VOCs produced by the FW are oxygen-containing organics and nitrogen-containing organics including 1-heptyladehyde (8.86 × 102 mg m-3), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (6.36 × 102 mg m-3) and benzene (5.85 × 102 mg m-3). The STS mainly produces nitrogen-containing organics and oxygen-containing organics including 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (3.38 × 103 mg m-3), diethyl amine (9.60 × 102 mg m-3) and methyl ethyl ketone (2.98 × 102 mg m-3). VOCs produced by biopharmaceutical factories can diffuse for a long distance in the atmosphere. The highest concentration of chlorinated organic compounds can spread to 11.43 kilometers in the horizontal direction and 3 kilometers in the vertical direction. Acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, diethylamine, butyl acetate and methyl ethyl ketone are odorous gases detected in the FW and STS, respectively. Benzene, carbon tetrachloride and acetaldehyde are the main carcinogenic VOCs produced in the fermentation process of tylosin. The research elucidated production characteristics, diffusion and health risks of VOCs in the FW, which provided a reference for the control of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R China
| | - Huiling Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China
- Department of Medical, Xi'an Gem Flower Changqing Hospitals, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R China
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China
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Che H, Yan S, Nie Y, Tian X, Li Y. Film-based fluorescent sensor for visual monitoring and efficient removal of aniline in solutions and gas phase. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129016. [PMID: 35500347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aniline has attracted much concern for its long degradation half-life and huge toxicity to the environment and human beings. Therefore, the development of a multi-functional device for visual detection and efficient removal of aniline was highly anticipated. In our work, the small-size Eu@UiO-66(COOH) was obtained by post-synthesis modification (PSM), and then the film-based fluorescent sensor was prepared by crosslinking reaction. The films not only showed incredible mechanical stability and potential for large-scale preparation, but also have excellent fluorescence response to aniline in solutions and gas phase. As the concentration of aniline increased, the fluorescence of films gradually increased at 350 nm, while the fluorescence gradually quenching at 620 nm, and the detection limits (LOD) of aniline in water and air were 0.27 ppb and 0.086 ppb, respectively. In addition, the adsorption performance of the film for aniline has also been confirmed and the maximum adsorption capacity was 32.6 mg/g, which is a strong guarantee for the realization of ultra-trace detection and toxicity reduction of aniline. In summary, the multi-functional film sensor has been designed for ultra-trace detection and efficient removal of aniline in solutions and gas phase, and have significant value for pollutant treatment, ecological restoration and early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachao Che
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shulin Yan
- Wuxi Little Swan Electric Co., Ltd., No. 18 South Changjiang RD, National High-tech Development Zone, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Yulun Nie
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Xike Tian
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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Li X, An SJ, Liu XL, Ji AL, Cao Y, Xiang Y, Ma XY, Hu Q, Yuan ZQ, Li YF, Lu YG, Cai TJ. The Association Between Short-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Post-Adolescent Acne: The Evidence from a Time Series Analysis in Xi'an, China. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:723-731. [PMID: 34211290 PMCID: PMC8241005 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s320248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-adolescent acne is a common skin disease faced by adults. However, whether air pollution (AP) serves as a risk factor for post-adolescent acne remains elusive. AIM To determine the relationship between short-term AP exposure (within 7 days) and outpatient visits for post-adolescent acne. METHODS Daily outpatient visit data for post-adolescent acne and routinely AP data between 2010 and 2013 were collected from Xi'an, China. A generalized additive regression model was used to analyze the relationship between outpatient visits for post-adolescent acne and short-term ambient AP exposure. The gender-specific analyses were conducted as well. RESULTS Totally, 27,190 outpatient visits for post-adolescent acne were included. The results revealed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10, SO2, and NO2 at lag 0-7 day was associated with the increase of outpatient visits for post-adolescent acne at 0.84% (95% CI: 0.53%, 1.16%), 1.61% (95% CI: 0.12%, 3.10%), and 3.50% (95% CI: 1.60%, 5.40%), respectively. The significant positive associations of PM10, SO2, and NO2 were found at both single-lag models and moving average models. The gender-specific analyses showed that the effect estimates of PM10 was stronger for females than for males, while there was no observed gender difference in the effects of SO2 and NO2. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to AP was associated with increased outpatient visits for post-adolescent acne, especially for females in the effects of PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jie An
- Medical Department, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ling Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Health Economics Management, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Quan Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Gang Lu
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong-Jian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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