Government environmental control measures on CO2 emission during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing: Perspectives from a top-down approach

Site selection and effects of background towers on urban CO2 estimates: A case study from central downtown Zhengzhou in China

With China's proposed carbon reduction goals, many carbon monitoring pilot city projects have been launched, involving greenhouse gas (GHG) inverse estimate analysis based on GHG observations. For the evaluation of emissions estimates in a targeted urban area, the contributions of extra-urban fluxes on urban GHG observations must be excluded, especially for core cities within urban agglomerations, which face more severe emission interference from adjacent cities. In this study, we quantified the impact of external emissions on urban carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fraction observations across different seasons in the central downtown area of Zhengzhou, a core city of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration in China. Results showed that 60% of the CO2 enhancement from the 500-km square area including the city originated outside the core urban area in autumn and winter, predominantly originating from far-field sources (>50 km) in the northeast, west, and northwest of Zhengzhou. To design an optimal monitoring network that accurately accounts for CO2 mole fractions entering the urban domain of interest, three different selection methods (distance, meteorological trajectory, and multiple regression) were used to select background station locations, and the resulting background values were evaluated through the application of observing system simulation experiments, including synthetic flux inverse estimate. Results indicated that the background stations selected by meteorological trajectories more effectively captured CO2 variability, introducing the smallest errors to inverse estimate flux (-8%). This study provides a valuable reference for designing background monitoring stations in dense urban agglomerations, thereby improving the accuracy of high-resolution urban GHG emission inverse estimates.

The impacts of sport emissions on climate: Measurement, mitigation, and making a difference

As a global industry, sport makes potentially significant contributions to climate change through both carbon emissions and influence over sustainability practices. Yet, evidence regarding impacts is uneven and spread across many disciplines. This paper investigates the impacts of sport emissions on climate and identifies knowledge gaps. We undertook a systematic and iterative meta-analysis of relevant literature (1992-2022) on organized and individual sports. Using a defined search protocol, 116 sources were identified that map to four sport-related themes: (1) carbon emissions and their measurement; (2) emissions control and decarbonization; (3) carbon sinks and offsets; and (4) behavior change. We find that mega sport events, elite sport, soccer, skiing, and golf have received most attention, whereas grass-roots and women's sport, activity in Africa and South America, cricket, tennis, and volleyball are understudied. Other knowledge gaps include carbon accounting tools and indicators for smaller sports clubs and active participants; cobenefits and tradeoffs between mitigation-adaptation efforts in sport, such as around logistics, venues, sports equipment, and facilities; geopolitical influence; and scope for climate change litigation against hosts and/or sponsors of carbon-intensive events. Among these, researchers should target cobenefits given their scope to deliver wins for both climate mitigation and risk management of sport.

Research on Sustainable Development of Olympic Games Based on Ecological Carrying Capacity Analysis

The Olympic Games is a comprehensive social and cultural activity with the most complicated system and the largest scale. With the development of the Olympic Games, the ecological problems brought by the Olympic Games have attracted increasing attention, and the sustainable development of the Olympic Games has been put on the agenda. Based on the comprehensive index of Ecological Carrying Capacity (ECC), Environmental Kuznets Curve, and carbon footprint analysis of the Olympic Games host city competition cycle, this study analyzes three modes of ECC of the host city: light urban ecological burden mode, heavy urban ecological burden mode, and overload urban ecological burden mode. Based on the temperature sensor and GPS positioning, the land surface temperature change map of Tokyo, Japan, from 1990 to 2015 is obtained, and the heat island effect of Tokyo is obtained. This paper analyzes the case of using sensors for intelligent event management such as venue detection in the sustainable development plan of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics; the idea and practice of thrifty hosting of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games holds that in most cases, the ECC of the host city of the Olympic Games is under great pressure, so it is necessary to pay attention to the ECC of the host city. The sustainable development of the Olympic Games is an important issue in the development of the Olympics, but the sustainable development plan of the Olympics is still being explored. It is suggested that the sustainable development of the Olympic Games needs to evaluate the ECC of the host city in the whole cycle, establish the principle of ecological priority to avoid the overload mode of ecological burden, strive to achieve carbon neutrality in the competition, and practice the idea of scientific frugality in running the competition.