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Zhao H, Guo Y, Wang X, Sun H, Gao M, Wu C, Li S, Li YY, Wang Q. Exploring the maximum nitrite production rate through the granular sludge-type reactor to match the needs of anammox process realizing efficient nitrogen removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119158. [PMID: 38763279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The reliable and efficient nitrite production rate (NPR) through nitritation process is the prerequisite for the efficient running of subsequent processes, like the anammox process and the nitrite shunt. However, there has been scant research on stable and productive nitritation process in recent years. In this study, at a stable hydraulic retention time of 12.0 h and with precise and strict DO control, the upper limit of the NPR was initially investigated using a continuous-flow granular sludge reactor. The NPR of 1.69 kg/m3/d with a nitrite production efficiency of 81.97% was finally achieved, which set a record until now in similar research. The median sludge particle size of 270.0 μm confirmed the development of clearly defined granular sludge. The genus Nitrosomonas was the major ammonium oxidizing bacteria. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for the practical application of the effective nitritation process driving subsequent nitrogen removal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Zhao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
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Zhao H, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Sun H, Wang X, Li S, Liao J, Li YY, Wang Q. The stable operation of nitritation process with the continuous granular sludge-type reactor and microbial community analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140527. [PMID: 37884092 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The nitritation step is the fundament for the biological nitrogen removal regardless of the traditional nitrification and denitrification process, the nitrite shunt process or the anammox process. Thus, exploring the effective nitritation performance is an important aspect of biological nitrogen removal. This study explored the upper limit of nitritation rate by increasing hydraulic residence time with the well-mixed and continuous granular sludge-type reactor characterized with low complexity and easy operation. The results showed that with the nitrogen loading rate of 1.0 kg/m3/d, the nitrite production rate could reach up to 0.65 kg/m3/d with the nitrite production efficiency of 63.49%, which is remarkable compared to that in the previously similar research. The microbial analysis indicated that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was successfully enriched (13.27%) and genus Nitrosomonas was the dominant bacteria type. Besides, the activity of ammonium oxidizing bacteria in the continuous flow reactor was higher than that of other reactor types. The growth of vorticella on the sludge was also found in the reactor. The test of specific sludge activity and the microbe analysis both indicated that the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria was well inhibited during the whole experiment, which indicated the strategy of simply adjusting the dissolved oxygen is effective for running of nitritation process. The phosphorus removal performance was also achieved with a removal efficiency of 23.53%. The functional composition of the microbial community in the samples was predicted and finally transformation mechanism of nitrogen in sludge was drawn. In sum, this study indicated the superior performance of the granule sludge-type nitritation process and give a reference for the application of biological nitrogen removal technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Zhao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Liao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Shi J, Liang Z, Dai X. Enhanced biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal by high-concentration powder carriers: extracellular polymeric substance, microbial communities, and metabolic pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4010-4022. [PMID: 35963965 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, diatomite, activated carbon, and iron-carbon (Fe-C) were used as biological carriers for the integrated fixed-film activated sludge process. Biomass, pollutant removal efficiency, and extracellular polymer were tested, and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity were studied after the sludge retention time was changed. The mechanism of carrier enriching microorganism and promoting pollutant degradation was studied. The results showed that the addition of these three carriers contributed to the enrichment of nitrifying bacteria in the system, and the NH4+-N removal efficiency was above 98%. Diatomite and Fe-C could improve pollutant removal by increasing the activity of the electron transfer system. The abundance of denitrogenation-related reductases and the enzymes synthesizing poly-β-hydroxybutyrate was increased in activated carbon. The addition of Fe-C increased the abundance of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms by approximately 25% and the removal efficiency of total phosphorus by 12.61-14.88% at the end of the long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Zixuan Liang
- State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Wan C, Fu L, Li Z, Liu X, Lin L, Wu C. Formation, application, and storage-reactivation of aerobic granular sludge: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116302. [PMID: 36150350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It was an important discovery in wastewater treatment that the microorganisms in the traditional activated sludge can form aerobic granular sludge (AGS) by self-aggregation under appropriate water quality and operation conditions. With a typical three-dimensional spherical structure, AGS has high sludge-water separation efficiency, great treatment capacity, and strong tolerance to toxic and harmful substances, so it has been considered to be one of the most promising wastewater treatment technologies. This paper comprehensively reviewed AGS from multiple perspectives over the past two decades, including the culture conditions, granulation mechanisms, metabolic and structural stability, storage, and its diverse applications. Some important issues, such as the reproducibility of culture conditions and the structural and functional stability during application and storage, were also summarized, and the research prospects were put forward. The aggregation behavior of microorganisms in AGS was explained from the perspectives of physiology and ecology of complex populations. The storage of AGS is considered to have large commercial potential value with the increase of large-scale applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the systematic and in-depth study on the sludge aerobic granulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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