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Yuan W, Yang D, Zhang X, Jiang C, Wang D, Zuo J, Xu S, Zhuang X. Enhanced nitrogen removal of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process by coupling with an efficient nitrate reducing bacterium (Bacillus velezensis M3-1). J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 146:3-14. [PMID: 38969459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis M3-1 strain isolated from the sediment of Myriophyllum aquatium constructed wetlands was found to efficiently convert NO3--N to NO2--N, and the requirements for carbon source addition were not very rigorous. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of using the synergy of anammox and Bacillus velezensis M3-1 microorganisms for nitrogen removal. In this study, the possibility of M3-1 that converted NO3--N produced by anammox to NO2--N was verified in an anaerobic reactor. The NO3--N reduction ability of M3-1 and denitrifying bacteria in coupling system was investigated under different C/N conditions, and it was found that M3-1 used carbon sources preferentially over denitrifying bacteria. By adjusting the ratio of NH4+-N to NO2--N, it was found that the NO2--N converted from NO3--N by M3-1 participated in the original anammox.The nitrogen removal efficacy (NRE) of the coupled system was increased by 12.1%, compared to the control group anammox system at C/N = 2:1. Functional gene indicated that it might be a nitrate reducing bacterium.This study shows that the nitrate reduction rate achieved by the Bacillus velezensis M3-1 can be high enough for removing nitrate produced by anammox process, which would enable improve nitrogen removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlian Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dongmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xupo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Danhua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jialiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Jiang X, Wang M, Yang S, He D, Fang F, Yang L. The response of structure and nitrogen removal function of the biofilm on submerged macrophytes to high ammonium in constructed wetlands. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:129-141. [PMID: 38527879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The ammonium exceedance discharge from sewage treatment plants has a great risk to the stable operation of subsequent constructed wetlands (CWs). The effects of high ammonium shocks on submerged macrophytes and epiphytic biofilms on the leaves of submerged macrophytes in CWs were rarely mentioned in previous studies. In this paper, the 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to investigate the variation of the microbial communities in biofilms on the leaves of Vallisneria natans plants while the growth characteristics of V. natans plants were measured at different initial ammonium concentrations. The results demonstrated that the total chlorophyll and soluble sugar synthesis of V. natans plants decreased by 51.45% and 57.16%, respectively, and malondialdehyde content increased threefold after 8 days if the initial NH4+-N concentration was more than 5 mg/L. Algal density, bacterial quantity, dissolved oxygen, and pH increased with high ammonium shocks. The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and NH4+-N reached 73.26% and 83.94%, respectively. The heat map and relative abundance analysis represented that the relative abundances of phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes increased. The numbers of autotrophic nitrifiers and heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrification (HNAD) bacteria expanded in biofilms. In particular, HNAD bacteria of Flavobacterium, Hydrogenophaga, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Azospira had higher abundances than autotrophic nitrifiers because there were organic matters secreted from declining leaves of V. natans plants. The analysis of the nitrogen metabolic pathway showed aerobic denitrification was the main nitrogen removal pathway. Thus, the nitrification and denitrification bacterial communities increased in epiphytic biofilms on submerged macrophytes in constructed wetlands while submerged macrophytes declined under ammonium shock loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Gao X, Li X, Wang Y, Lin C, Zuo Y, Li X, Xing W. Does invasive submerged macrophyte diversity affect dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes in sediments with varying microplastics? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134510. [PMID: 38704909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal is essential for restoring eutrophic lakes. Microorganisms and aquatic plants in lakes are both crucial for removing excess nitrogen. However, microplastic (MP) pollution and the invasion of exotic aquatic plants have become increasingly serious in lake ecosystems due to human activity and plant-dominant traits. This field mesocosm study explored how the diversity of invasive submerged macrophytes affects denitrification (DNF), anammox (ANA), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in lake sediments with varying MPs. Results showed that invasive macrophytes suppressed DNF rates, but DNRA and ANA were less sensitive than DNF to the diversity of invasive species. Sediment MPs increased the biomass of invasive species more than native species, but did not affect microbial processes. The effects of MPs on nitrate dissimilatory reduction were process-specific. MPs increased DNF rates and the competitive advantage of DNF over DNRA by changing the sediment environment. The decoupling of DNF and ANA was also observed, with increased DNF rates and decreased ANA rates. The study findings suggested new insights into how the invasion of exotic submerged macrophytes affects the sediment nitrogen cycle complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yingcai Wang
- Eco-Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430010, China.
| | - Cheng Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yanxia Zuo
- Analysis and Testing Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Zhu H, Liu Y, Peng Z, Liu Q, Pan X, Yang B. Enhanced nitrogen removal by an isolated aerobic denitrifying strain in a vertical-flow constructed wetland. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142131. [PMID: 38697574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The addition of bacterial agents is an effective method for improving nitrogen removal from wetlands. Herein, an aerobic denitrifier, RC-15, was added to a vertical-flow constructed wetland (CW), and the presence of functional genes and microbial communities was investigated at different CW depths. For the RC-15-treated CW, the removal of NO3- and TN during the process was significantly greater than in the control. Quantitative PCR revealed that nirS is a dominant denitrifying gene for treating WWTP tailwater. Moreover, the presence of the RC-15 strain significantly enhanced the abundance of the napA gene and nirK gene in the CWs. The napA gene was concentrated in the upper layer of the CWs, and the nirK gene was concentrated in the middle and bottom layers. Compared to the control, the addition of the bacterial agent Trial resulted in a more diverse denitrification pathway, a greater abundance of 16Sr RNA, and a greater number of denitrifying strains. According to the microbial community analysis, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi dominated denitrification in the CWs. Greater abundances of Thauera, Aeromonas and Ardenticatenales were found at the genus level, indicating that these genera have potential applications in future nitrogen removal projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Zhu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Metallurgical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Zhenghua Peng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qiuyun Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Benqin Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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Jiang X, Wang M, He D, Zhu J, Yang S, Fang F, Yang L. Submerged macrophyte promoted nitrogen removal function of biofilms in constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169666. [PMID: 38184255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm is one of the important factors affecting nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, the impact of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen conversion of biofilms on leaf of submerged macrophyte and matrix remains poorly understood. In this study, the CWs with Vallisneria natans and with artificial plant were established to investigate the effects of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen conversion and the composition of nitrogen-converting bacteria in leaf and matrix biofilms under high ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) loading. The 16S rRNA sequencing method was employed to explore the changes in bacterial communities in biofilms in CWs. The results showed that average removal rates of total nitrogen and NH4+-N in CW with V. natans reached 71.38% and 82.08%, respectively, representing increases of 24.19% and 28.79% compared with the control with artificial plant. Scanning electron microscope images indicated that high NH4+-N damaged the leaf cells of V. natans, leading to the cellular content release and subsequent increases of aqueous total organic carbon. However, the specific surface area and carrier function of V. natans were unaffected within 25 days. As a natural source of organic matters, submerged macrophyte provided organic matters for bacterial growth in biofilms. Bacterial composition analysis revealed the predominance of phylum Proteobacteria in CW with V. natans. The numbers of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in leaf biofilms reached 1.66 × 105 cells/g and 1.05 × 107 cells/g, as well as 2.79 × 105 cells/g and 7.41 × 107 cells/g in matrix biofilms, respectively. Submerged macrophyte significantly increased the population of nitrogen-converting bacteria and enhanced the expressions of nitrification genes (amoA and hao) and denitrification genes (napA, nirS and nosZ) in both leaf and matrix biofilms. Therefore, our study emphasized the influence of submerged macrophyte on biofilm functions and provided a scientific basis for nitrogen removal of biofilms in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, PR China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Shi B, Cheng X, Jiang S, Pan J, Zhu D, Lu Z, Jiang Y, Liu C, Guo H, Xie J. Unveiling the power of COD/N on constructed wetlands in a short-term experiment: Exploring microbiota co-occurrence patterns and assembly dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169568. [PMID: 38143001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technology. The influent chemical oxygen demand (COD)/nitrogen (N) ratio (CNR) plays a crucial role in microbial activity and purification performance. However, the effects of CNR changes on microbial diversity, interactions, and assembly processes in CWs are not well understood. In this study, we conducted comprehensive mechanistic experiments to investigate the response of CWs to changes in influent CNR, focusing on the effluent, rhizosphere, and substrate microbiota. Our goal is to provide new insights into CW management by integrating microbial ecology and environmental engineering perspectives. We constructed two groups of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HFCWs) and set up three influent CNRs to analyse the microbial responses and nutrient removal. The results indicated that increasing influent CNR led to a decrease in microbial α-diversity and niche width. Genera involved in nitrogen removal and denitrification, such as Rhodobacter, Desulfovibrio, and Zoogloea, were enriched under medium/high CNR conditions, resulting in higher nitrate (NO3--N) removal (up to 99 %) than that under lower CNR conditions (<60 %). Environmental factors, including water temperature (WT), pH, and phosphorus (P), along with CNR-induced COD and NO3--N play important roles in microbial succession in HFCWs. The genus Nitrospira, which is involved in nitrification, exhibited a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) with WT, COD, and P. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that increasing influent CNR reduced the complexity of the network structure and increased microbial competition. Analysis using null models demonstrated that the microbial community assembly in HFCWs was primarily driven by stochastic processes under increasing influent CNR conditions. Furthermore, HFCWs with more stochastic microbial communities exhibited better denitrification performance (NO3--N removal). Overall, this study enhances our understanding of nutrient removal, microbial co-occurrence, and assembly mechanisms in CWs under varying influent CNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Shi
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangju Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shenqiong Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Junheng Pan
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Dantong Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhuoyin Lu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuheng Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Heyi Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
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Zhou C, Xie Y, Tao Y, Wei H, Wang Y, Liu C. Changes in the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus under different microbial communities in sewage pipes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11004. [PMID: 38369667 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities living in different environments can affect the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage pipes. Two different environments were simulated to investigate the differences in the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus under different microbial communities in the pipe. Results showed that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus changed greatly in the first 25-33 days and the first 21 days, respectively, and then remained stable. The decrease in amino acid nitrogen (AAN) concentration and the increase in ammonia nitrogen (NH4 + -N) concentration in the sediments were evident in the contrast group. The concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the overlying water and interstitial water decreased, and that of TP in the sediment increased. Some microorganisms in the sediments of both groups are related to the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus, such as Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Sporacetigenium, Norank_f__Anaerolineaceae, Norank_f__norank_o__PeM15, and Caldisericum. The relative abundance of these microorganisms was remarkably differed between the two groups, which partly caused the difference in nitrogen and phosphorus transformation among overlying water, interstitial water, and sediment in the two environments. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The concentration of N and P changed greatly in the first 20-30 days. AAN and NH4 + -N in sediments had greater concentration variation in contrast group. In two groups, TP, DTP, and DRP of water decreased, and TP of sediment increased. Microbe related to the transformation of N and P differed between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Zhou
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuling Xie
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haodong Wei
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Xie Y, Liu C, Zhou C, Wei H, Tao Y, Zhou J. Effects of flow rate and wastewater concentration on the transformation of nitrogen in sediment-water system of sewage pipelines. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e10976. [PMID: 38225832 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the transformation law of nitrogen in sediment-water system under different flow rates and wastewater concentrations were investigated in a simulated sewage pipeline system. Results showed that the different flow rates and wastewater concentrations in the pipeline caused differences in microbial community in sediments and nitrogen transformation. When the flow rate increased from 0.05 to 0.2 m/s, the scouring effect was enhanced, resulting in higher concentrations of NH4 + -N and NO3 - -N in the overlying water. At 0.2 m/s, the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in sediments was higher, resulting in a greater conversion of amino acid nitrogen (AAN) to NH4 + -N. Meanwhile, many denitrifying bacteria (Trichococcus, Dechloromonas, norank_f__norank_o__Gaiellales, Thiobacillus) had high relative abundance in the sediments, and the denitrification process was common. When the wastewater concentration was high, the nitrification reaction was great in overlying and interstitial water. Moreover, the ammoniation process was great in the sediments, and the variation flux of AAN was large (remarkably reduced). PRACTITIONER POINTS: AAN transformed to NH4 + -N in sediment under different flow rate and concentration. Scouring was enhanced at 0.2 m/s, increasing nitrogen contents in overlying water. Difference in microbial community led to more AAN conversion to NH4 + -N at 0.2 m/s. The ammoniation process was greater in sediment at a high concentration of sewage. NH4 + -N migrated from overlying water to sediment at a high concentration of sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xie
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changfeng Zhou
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haodong Wei
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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