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Seifali Abbas-Abadi M, Tomme B, Goshayeshi B, Mynko O, Wang Y, Roy S, Kumar R, Baruah B, De Clerck K, De Meester S, D’hooge DR, Van Geem KM. Advancing Textile Waste Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities Across Polymer and Non-Polymer Fiber Types. Polymers (Basel) 2025; 17:628. [PMID: 40076120 PMCID: PMC11902667 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
The growing environmental impact of textile waste, fueled by the rapid rise in global fiber production, underscores the urgent need for sustainable end-of-life solutions. This review explores cutting-edge pathways for textile waste management, spotlighting innovations that reduce reliance on incineration and landfilling while driving material circularity. It highlights advancements in collection, sorting, and pretreatment technologies, as well as both established and emerging recycling methods. Smart collection systems utilizing tags and sensors show great promise in streamlining logistics by automating pick-up routes and transactions. For sorting, automated technologies like near-infrared and hyperspectral imaging lead the way in accurate and scalable fiber separation. Automated disassembly techniques are effective at removing problematic elements, though other pretreatments, such as color and finish removal, still need to be customized for specific waste streams. Mechanical fiber recycling is ideal for textiles with strong mechanical properties but has limitations, particularly with blended fabrics, and cannot be repeated endlessly. Polymer recycling-through melting or dissolving waste polymers-produces higher-quality recycled materials but comes with high energy and solvent demands. Chemical recycling, especially solvolysis and pyrolysis, excels at breaking down synthetic polymers like polyester, with the potential to yield virgin-quality monomers. Meanwhile, biological methods, though still in their infancy, show promise for recycling natural fibers like cotton and wool. When other methods are not viable, gasification can be used to convert waste into synthesis gas. The review concludes that the future of sustainable textile recycling hinges on integrating automated sorting systems and advancing solvent-based and chemical recycling technologies. These innovations, supported by eco-design principles, progressive policies, and industry collaboration, are essential to building a resilient, circular textile economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Seifali Abbas-Abadi
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 121, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.S.A.-A.); (B.G.); (O.M.); (Y.W.); (S.R.); (R.K.); (B.B.); (D.R.D.)
- Synpet Technology, R&D Center, Avenue Louise 523, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brecht Tomme
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Bahman Goshayeshi
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 121, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.S.A.-A.); (B.G.); (O.M.); (Y.W.); (S.R.); (R.K.); (B.B.); (D.R.D.)
- Laboratory of Petrochemical Technology (LPT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Oleksii Mynko
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 121, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.S.A.-A.); (B.G.); (O.M.); (Y.W.); (S.R.); (R.K.); (B.B.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Yihan Wang
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 121, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.S.A.-A.); (B.G.); (O.M.); (Y.W.); (S.R.); (R.K.); (B.B.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Sangram Roy
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 121, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.S.A.-A.); (B.G.); (O.M.); (Y.W.); (S.R.); (R.K.); (B.B.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 121, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.S.A.-A.); (B.G.); (O.M.); (Y.W.); (S.R.); (R.K.); (B.B.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Bhargav Baruah
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 121, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.S.A.-A.); (B.G.); (O.M.); (Y.W.); (S.R.); (R.K.); (B.B.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Steven De Meester
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium;
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 121, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.S.A.-A.); (B.G.); (O.M.); (Y.W.); (S.R.); (R.K.); (B.B.); (D.R.D.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 121, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.S.A.-A.); (B.G.); (O.M.); (Y.W.); (S.R.); (R.K.); (B.B.); (D.R.D.)
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Liu Y, Chen R, Zhixuan W, Zhang R, Jing H, Yu D, Pan R. Effects of thermal aging on the performance of ordinary and novel superhydrophobic and oleophobic ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent. Sci Rep 2025; 15:3668. [PMID: 39881155 PMCID: PMC11779908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-87718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Powder-based fire extinguishing agents have become a kind of promising substitutes for halon extinguishing agents in civil aircrafts. However, their storage lifespan, significantly influenced by the thermal aging, emerges as a crucial yet overlooked aspect for aviation use. This study investigates the effects of thermal aging cycles on various parameters of ordinary dry powder extinguishing agent (ODPEA) and novel superhydrophobic and oleophobic ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent (SHOU DPEA), including surface microscopic morphology, D90 (the diameter at which 90% of the cumulative volume of particles are equal to or smaller than this value), chemical structure, hydrophobic and oleophobic angles, flowability, extinguishing time and effectiveness. The results indicate that SHOU DPEA exhibits smaller particle size, more regular particle shape, significantly superior heat stability and flowability compared to ODPEA. Furthermore, the D90 value evolution of ODPEA with aging time exhibits two stages: (a) a slow and linear growth stage (0-160 days), and (b) a rapid and substantial growth stage (160-200 days). However, SHOU DPEA shows a gradual increase in D90 value throughout the entire accelerated aging process. After 160 days of aging or more, the performance of ODPEA has significantly deteriorated, while SHOU DPEA has shown less degradation. Specially, the extinguishing concentration for the 160-day-aged ODPEA exceeds that of non-aged ODPEA by 10%, whereas the concentration of the 200-day-aged SHOU DPEA is less than 10% of the non-aged counterpart. Additionally, the predicted lifespans for ODPEA and SHOU DPEA at room temperature (25 °C) are 2715 days and over 4525 days, respectively. These findings can provide valuable guidance for assessments and the selection of aviation fire extinguishing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Safety Science and Engineering (School of Emergency Management), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyu Chen
- School of Safety Science and Engineering (School of Emergency Management), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wang Zhixuan
- School of Safety Science and Engineering (School of Emergency Management), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Tianjin Aviation Electro-Mechanical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Hongling Jing
- Tianjin Aviation Electro-Mechanical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Daheng Yu
- Tianjin Aviation Electro-Mechanical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Renming Pan
- School of Safety Science and Engineering (School of Emergency Management), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
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Yao B, Li X, Zhou C, Lv F, Zhang C, Wang L, Yu M, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Liu Y, Dai J. Co-pyrolysis of dyeing sludge and pine sawdust in a fluidized bed: Characterization and analysis of pyrolytic products and investigation of synergetic effects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 167:122-134. [PMID: 37257326 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of dyeing sludge (DS) and pine sawdust (PS) was carried out in a fluidized bed pyrolyser. The results revealed that addition of PS increased the yields of condensate and gas, and dramatically improved pore structure of co-pyrolysis char, enhancing immobilization of the metals, nutrient and pollution elements. Catalysts (Na-ZSM-5 and HZSM-5) significantly reduced tar and coke, strengthened the integrity of pore structure. Yield of nitrogen-containing compounds declined sharply from 88.66% to 8.14% when 25% of PS was added. Addition of 50% PS promoted ring opening to generate chain compounds and abundant oxygenates (such as ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acids) in pyrolysis oil (PO) at 650 °C. Correspondingly, yield of gaseous products was inhibited except CO2 and H2 when PS content was dominant. The catalysts greatly increased yield of gaseous products by enhancing primary and secondary cracking depending on different feedstocks and catalysts (e.g., DS over Na-ZSM-5 and PS over HZSM-5). The maximum energy efficiency (69.75%) was obtained at 650 °C when 75% PS was added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangtong Li
- Sinopec Nanjing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 699 Geguan Road, Jiangbei New Area District, Jiangsu 210048, China
| | - Chunbao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Feng Lv
- Sinopec Nanjing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 699 Geguan Road, Jiangbei New Area District, Jiangsu 210048, China
| | - Changfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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