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Roberts R, Koch A. Perceived Power Polarizes Moral Evaluations. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241245181. [PMID: 38651861 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241245181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We show an interactive effect of perceiver-target similarity in ideological beliefs and target power on impressions of target morality. Consistent with prior research, perceivers rated targets with dissimilar ideologies as less moral than targets with similar ideologies, but this difference in ratings was magnified for powerful targets relative to less powerful targets. We argue that these results emerged because perceivers expected similar-ideology, powerful (vs. powerless) targets to help the self more, and expected dissimilar-ideology, powerful (vs. powerless) targets to hurt the self more. We establish this effect when people evaluate politicians (Study 1), groups, and individuals (Studies 2a-2b); demonstrate its predictive power over other kinds of interpersonal similarity; and show that it affects morality judgments uniquely when compared with other consequential dimensions of social evaluation. Finally, we manipulated power experimentally and showed the interaction when the difference between high- and low-power manipulations was controlled over just $1 (Studies 3-4).
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2
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Klysing A. Prototypicality at the intersection of gender and sexual orientation. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36965160 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The intersectional invisibility hypothesis (IIH) states that members of multiply marginalized groups experience intersectional invisibility by not being seen as prototypical for either of their constitutive groups due to the influence of heterocentrism and androcentrism. That is, a lesbian woman may not be represented in relation to either the category 'woman' or the category 'homosexual people'. Two online experiments conducted in Sweden and the United Kingdom (N = 1923) tested predictions from the IIH at different intersections of specific genders (woman and man) and sexual orientations (heterosexuality, homosexuality and bisexuality) using an attribute generation task and direct similarity ratings. Results show strong support for the influence of heterocentrism: Only prototypes for heterosexual women/men match general prototypes for women/men. Androcentrism influenced the prototype for 'homosexual people', which had a stronger match with the prototype for gay men compared with lesbian women. In contrast, bisexual women were seen as more prototypical 'bisexual people' than bisexual men were. Psychological research conducted on general gender groups may therefore only be applicable to heterosexual individuals, while research on homosexual people in general may be applicable mainly to gay men.
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3
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Lynott D, Corker K, Connell L, O'Brien K. The effects of temperature on prosocial and antisocial behaviour: A review and meta-analysis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36794795 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Research from the social sciences suggests an association between higher temperatures and increases in antisocial behaviours, including aggressive, violent, or sabotaging behaviours, and represents a heat-facilitates-aggression perspective. More recently, studies have shown that higher temperature experiences may also be linked to increases in prosocial behaviours, such as altruistic, sharing, or cooperative behaviours, representing a warmth-primes-prosociality view. However, across both literatures, there have been inconsistent findings and failures to replicate key theoretical predictions, leaving the status of temperature-behaviour links unclear. Here we review the literature and conduct meta-analyses of available empirical studies that have either prosocial (e.g., monetary reward, gift giving, helping behaviour) or antisocial (self-rewarding, retaliation, sabotaging behaviour) behavioural outcome variables, with temperature as an independent variable. In an omnibus multivariate analysis (total N = 4577) with 80 effect sizes, we found that there was no reliable effect of temperature on the behavioural outcome measured. Further, we find little support for either the warmth-primes-prosociality view or the heat-facilitates-aggression view. There were no reliable effects if we consider separately the type of behavioural outcome (prosocial or antisocial), different types of temperature experience (haptic or ambient), or potential interactions with the experimental social context (positive, neutral, or negative). We discuss how these findings affect the status of existing theoretical perspectives and provide specific suggestions advancing research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Lynott
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.,Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Katherine Corker
- Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - Louise Connell
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.,Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Kerry O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Unkelbach C, Alves H, Baldwin M, Crusius J, Diel K, Galinsky AD, Gast A, Hofmann W, Imhoff R, Genschow O, Lammers J, Pauels E, Schneider I, Topolinski S, Westfal M, Mussweiler T. Relativity in Social Cognition: Basic processes and novel applications of social comparisons. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2161043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Alves
- Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bocham, Germany
| | - Matthew Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Jan Crusius
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Kathi Diel
- Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bocham, Germany
| | | | - Anne Gast
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Hofmann
- Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bocham, Germany
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Genschow
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joris Lammers
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eileen Pauels
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris Schneider
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sascha Topolinski
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mareike Westfal
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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5
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Friehs MT, Kotzur PF, Kraus C, Schemmerling M, Herzig JA, Stanciu A, Dilly S, Hellert L, Hübner D, Rückwardt A, Ulizcay V, Christ O, Brambilla M, De keersmaecker J, Durante F, Gale J, Grigoryev D, Igou ER, Javakhishvili N, Kienmoser D, Nicolas G, Oldmeadow J, Rohmer O, Sætrevik B, Barbedor J, Bastias F, Bjørkheim SB, Bolatov A, Duran N, Findor A, Götz F, Graf S, Hakobjanyan A, Halkias G, Hancheva C, Hřebíčková M, Hruška M, Husnu S, Kadirov K, Khachatryan N, Macedo FG, Makashvili A, Martínez-Muñoz M, Mercadante E, Mesesan Schmitz L, Michael A, Mullabaeva N, Neto F, Neto J, Ozturk M, Paschenko S, Pietraszkiewicz A, Psaltis C, Qiu Y, Rupar M, Samekin A, Schmid K, Sczesny S, Sun Y, Svedholm-Häkkinen AM, Szymkow A, Teye-Kwadjo E, Torres CV, Vieira L, Yahiiaiev I, Yzerbyt V. Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21277. [PMID: 36481750 PMCID: PMC9732048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions-warmth and competence-plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick F. Kotzur
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Christine Kraus
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | | | - Jessica A. Herzig
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Adrian Stanciu
- grid.425053.50000 0001 1013 1176GESIS Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dilly
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Lisa Hellert
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Doreen Hübner
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Anja Rückwardt
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Veruschka Ulizcay
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Oliver Christ
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Marco Brambilla
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Durante
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Gale
- grid.21006.350000 0001 2179 4063University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Eric R. Igou
- grid.10049.3c0000 0004 1936 9692University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Doris Kienmoser
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Gandalf Nicolas
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Julian Oldmeadow
- grid.1027.40000 0004 0409 2862Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Odile Rohmer
- grid.11843.3f0000 0001 2157 9291University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bjørn Sætrevik
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julien Barbedor
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XUniversité Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Franco Bastias
- grid.430658.c0000 0001 0695 6183Universidad Católica de Cuyo/National Scientific and Technical Research Council, San Juan, Argentina
| | | | - Aidos Bolatov
- grid.501850.90000 0004 0467 386XAstana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazire Duran
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Andrej Findor
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Friedrich Götz
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sylvie Graf
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Hakobjanyan
- grid.21072.360000 0004 0640 687XYerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Georgios Halkias
- grid.4655.20000 0004 0417 0154Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camellia Hancheva
- grid.11355.330000 0001 2192 3275Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martina Hřebíčková
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Matej Hruška
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Shenel Husnu
- grid.461270.60000 0004 0595 6570Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | | | - Narine Khachatryan
- grid.21072.360000 0004 0640 687XYerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Ana Makashvili
- grid.428923.60000 0000 9489 2441Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maylin Martínez-Muñoz
- grid.430658.c0000 0001 0695 6183Universidad Católica de Cuyo/National Scientific and Technical Research Council, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Eric Mercadante
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Michael
- grid.6603.30000000121167908University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nozima Mullabaeva
- grid.23471.330000 0001 0941 3766National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Félix Neto
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Neto
- grid.410919.40000 0001 2152 2367Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal
| | - Merve Ozturk
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Svitlana Paschenko
- grid.34555.320000 0004 0385 8248Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Charis Psaltis
- grid.6603.30000000121167908University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yuting Qiu
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Mirjana Rupar
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia ,grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adil Samekin
- grid.443540.20000 0004 0462 9607M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Katharina Schmid
- grid.6162.30000 0001 2174 6723Esade, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabine Sczesny
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yiwen Sun
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | | | - Aleksandra Szymkow
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Claudio V. Torres
- grid.7632.00000 0001 2238 5157University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luc Vieira
- grid.11843.3f0000 0001 2157 9291University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Illia Yahiiaiev
- grid.34555.320000 0004 0385 8248Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XUniversité Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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6
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Woitzel J, Koch A. Ideological prejudice is stronger in ideological extremists (vs. moderates). GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302221135083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The agency–beliefs–communion (ABC) model and worldview conflict research show that people rate groups as more moral and likable if they rate their ideology as more similar to the ideology of the self. This paper refers to this effect as ideological prejudice. There is a debate whether ideology moderates the effect size of ideological prejudice. Through three observational studies ( NS1 = 700, NS2 = 974, NS3 = 633), this paper contributes to this debate in three ways. First and primarily, the paper shows that ideological prejudice is stronger in conservatives and progressives compared to people with more moderate ideological beliefs. Second, stronger ideological prejudice in ideological extremists (vs. moderates) holds when controlling for stronger ingroup favoritism in ideological extremists (vs. moderates). And third, the paper suggests that higher importance of own ideology in ideological extremists (vs. moderates) may explain why ideological prejudice is stronger in ideological extremists (vs. moderates). These findings develop a part of the ABC model of stereotypes, contribute to worldview conflict research, and help to explain why ideological polarization is divisive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Koch
- The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, USA
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7
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The Facets of Social Hierarchy: How Judges’ Legitimacy Beliefs and Relative Status Shape Their Evaluation of Assertiveness and Ability. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Friehs M, Aparicio Lukassowitz F, Wagner U. Stereotype content of occupational groups in Germany. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrich Wagner
- Department of Psychology Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
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9
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Bergh R, Brandt MJ. Generalized Prejudice: Lessons about social power, ideological conflict, and levels of abstraction. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bergh
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mark J. Brandt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing United States
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10
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Examining the Structural Validity of Stereotype Content Scales – A Preregistered Re-Analysis of Published Data and Discussion of Possible Future Directions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:392-403. [PMID: 35039654 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
People differ in their general tendency to endorse conspiracy theories (that is, conspiracy mentality). Previous research yielded inconsistent findings on the relationship between conspiracy mentality and political orientation, showing a greater conspiracy mentality either among the political right (a linear relation) or amongst both the left and right extremes (a curvilinear relation). We revisited this relationship across two studies spanning 26 countries (combined N = 104,253) and found overall evidence for both linear and quadratic relations, albeit small and heterogeneous across countries. We also observed stronger support for conspiracy mentality among voters of opposition parties (that is, those deprived of political control). Nonetheless, the quadratic effect of political orientation remained significant when adjusting for political control deprivation. We conclude that conspiracy mentality is associated with extreme left- and especially extreme right-wing beliefs, and that this non-linear relation may be strengthened by, but is not reducible to, deprivation of political control.
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12
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Ruessmann JK, Unkelbach C. Rational Dictators in the Dictator Game Are Seen as Cold and Agentic but Not Intelligent. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 48:1298-1312. [PMID: 34459314 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Dictator Games, dictators decide how much of a given endowment to send to receivers with no further interactions. We explored the social inferences people draw about dictators from the dictators' money amount sent and vice versa in 11 experiments (N = 1,425): Participants rated "unfair" dictators, who sent little or no money, as more agentic, but less communal than "fair" dictators, who sent half of the endowment. Conversely, participants expected more agentic and conservative but less communal dictators to send less money than less agentic, more liberal, or more communal dictators. Participants also rated unfair dictators as less intelligent but expected less intelligent dictators to send more money. When participants played the Dictator Game with real money, only self-reported communion predicted the money amount sent. Thus, participants' inferences might not reflect reality, but rational social actors should not only fear to appear unfair but also unintelligent.
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13
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Klysing A, Lindqvist A, Björklund F. Stereotype Content at the Intersection of Gender and Sexual Orientation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:713839. [PMID: 34335427 PMCID: PMC8319495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), the content of stereotypes differs on two dimensions: communion and agency. Research shows that for stereotypes about the general gender categories of “women” and “men,” there is an ambivalent pattern of communion and agency, where high levels on one dimension are associated with low levels on the other. For sexual minority stereotypes, a gender inversion has been found, whereas homosexual women are seen as more similar to men in general than to women in general, whereas homosexual men are seen as more similar to women in general than to men in general. However, there is limited research on how stereotype content for general groups relate to stereotype content for subgroups with intersecting category memberships. This research addresses this gap by investigating stereotype content at the intersection of gender and sexual orientation, including stereotype content for general gender groups, heterosexual groups, homosexual groups, and bisexual groups. In Study 1, a community sample from Sweden (N = 824) rated perceived communion and agency for women and men in general, as well as hetero-, homo-, and bisexual women and men. In Study 2, a nationally representative Swedish sample (N = 424) performed the same rating task, and in addition completed Single-Category IATs (SC-IATs) for warmth and competence. Results from both studies show that the stereotype content for the general categories “women” and “men” overlap with the stereotype content for heterosexual same-gender targets. Homosexual and bisexual groups were rated as more similar to their non-congruent gender category than same gender heterosexual categories were, but stereotype content for sexual minority groups did not overlap with either general gender categories, thus showing only incomplete gender inversion of stereotype content. Implicit associations between “women” and “warmth” were significantly stronger than associations between “men” and “warmth.” There were no other significant relations between implicit associations to warmth/competence and gender or sexual orientation. Theoretical and methodological implications for future research into intersectional stereotype content are presented, including how the findings inform the co-dependent relationship between a binary gender structure and a heteronormative ideology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Lindqvist
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ehrke F, Bruckmüller S, Steffens MC. A double‐edged sword: How social diversity affects trust in representatives via perceived competence and warmth. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ehrke
- Faculty of Psychology University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
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15
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Nicolas G, Bai X, Fiske ST. Comprehensive stereotype content dictionaries using a semi‐automated method. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gandalf Nicolas
- Department of Psychology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Xuechunzi Bai
- Department of Psychology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Susan T. Fiske
- Department of Psychology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
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16
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The primacy of morality in impression development: Theory, research, and future directions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aesp.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Koch A, Dorrough A, Glöckner A, Imhoff R. The ABC of society: Perceived similarity in agency/socioeconomic success and conservative-progressive beliefs increases intergroup cooperation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 90:103996. [PMID: 32336782 PMCID: PMC7180382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dimensions that explain which societal groups cooperate more with which other groups remain unclear. We predicted that perceived similarity in agency/socioeconomic success and conservative-progressive beliefs increases cooperation across groups. Self-identified members (N = 583) of 30 society-representative U.S. groups (gays, Muslims, Blacks, upper class, women, Democrats, conservatives etc.) played an incentivized one-time continuous prisoner's dilemma game with one self-identified member of each of these groups. Players knew nothing of each other except one group membership. Consistent with the ABC (agency-beliefs-communion) model of spontaneous stereotypes, perceived self-group similarity in agency and beliefs independently increased expected and actual cooperation across groups, controlling for shared group membership. Similarity in conservative-progressive beliefs had a stronger effect on cooperation than similarity in agency, and this effect of similarity in beliefs was stronger for individuals with extreme (progressive or conservative) compared to moderate beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Koch
- The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, USA.,University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Dorrough
- University of Cologne, Germany.,University of Hagen, Germany
| | | | - Roland Imhoff
- University of Cologne, Germany.,University of Mainz, Germany
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