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Park SH, Lei L, D'Souza D, Zipkin R, DiMartini ET, Atzampou M, Lallow EO, Shan JW, Zahn JD, Shreiber DI, Lin H, Maslow JN, Singer JP. Efficient electrospray deposition of surfaces smaller than the spray plume. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4896. [PMID: 37580341 PMCID: PMC10425365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospray deposition (ESD) is a promising technique for depositing micro-/nano-scale droplets and particles with high quality and repeatability. It is particularly attractive for surface coating of costly and delicate biomaterials and bioactive compounds. While high efficiency of ESD has only been successfully demonstrated for spraying surfaces larger than the spray plume, this work extends its utility to smaller surfaces. It is shown that by architecting the local "charge landscape", ESD coatings of surfaces smaller than plume size can be achieved. Efficiency approaching 100% is demonstrated with multiple model materials, including biocompatible polymers, proteins, and bioactive small molecules, on both flat and microneedle array targets. UV-visible spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography measurements validate the high efficiency and quality of the sprayed material. Here, we show how this process is an efficient and more competitive alternative to other conformal coating mechanisms, such as dip coating or inkjet printing, for micro-engineered applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Lin Lei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Darrel D'Souza
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - Emily T DiMartini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Maria Atzampou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Emran O Lallow
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jerry W Shan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Zahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - David I Shreiber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - Jonathan P Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Influence of Polyols on the In Vitro Biodegradation and Bioactivity of 58S Bioactive Sol-Gel Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloys. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051273. [PMID: 36904514 PMCID: PMC10007392 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical qualities of AZ31B magnesium alloys make them a promising material for biodegradable metallic implants. However, rapid degradation limits the application of these alloys. In the present study, 58S bioactive glasses were synthesized using the sol-gel method and several polyols such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, were used to improve the sol stability and to control the degradation of AZ31B. The synthesized bioactive sols were dip-coated onto AZ31B substrates and then, characterized by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), among them. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of a silica, calcium, and phosphate system and the XRD the amorphous nature of the 58S bioactive coatings obtained by sol-gel. The contact angle measurements confirmed that all the coatings were hydrophilic. The biodegradability response under physiological conditions (Hank's solution) was investigated for all the 58S bioactive glass coatings, observing a different behaviour depending on the polyols incorporated. Thus, for 58S PEG coating, an efficient control of the release of H2 gas was observed, and showing a pH control between 7.6 and 7.8 during all the tests. A marked apatite precipitation was also observed on the surface of the 58S PEG coating after the immersion test. Thus, the 58S PEG sol-gel coating is considered a promising alternative for biodegradable magnesium alloy-based medical implants.
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