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Canesin HS, Ortiz I, Rocha Filho AN, Salgado RM, Brom-de-Luna JG, Hinrichs K. Effect of warming method on embryo quality in a simplified equine embryo vitrification system. Theriogenology 2020; 151:151-158. [PMID: 32361181 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Equine embryo vitrification is still not a well-established technique in equine practice. Notably, little work has been done on the effect of the warming system on viability of vitrified embryos. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of warming without cryoprotectants on in vitro - produced (IVP) embryo viability in culture, quality assessment parameters, and pregnancy after transfer. Equine IVP blastocysts were vitrified using commercial embryo vitrification media and a semi-closed vitrification device. In Exp. 1, we evaluated two warming temperatures (room temperature, RT, ∼22 °C; and 38 °C) for each of three warming systems: commercial warming solution (Kit); commercial embryo holding medium (EHM) with decreasing concentrations of sucrose (EHM + SS); or EHM alone without added sucrose. Embryos (n = 9 to 14 per treatment) were cultured in vitro for 24 h, stained with DAPI, TUNEL, and fluorophore-labelled phalloidin, and evaluated for nucleus number, mitotic rate, apoptotic rate, and actin filament distribution. In Exp. 2, to survey embryo viability in vivo, vitrified IVP blastocysts were shipped to an embryo transfer facility, then warmed immediately before transfer to recipient mares, using the warming treatments associated with the nominally best (Kit-RT, Kit-38, EHM-RT) and poorest (EHM + SS-38) assessed embryo quality in Exp. 1 (n = 7 to 8 per treatment). Subsequently, IVP blastocysts produced as part of our clinical program were vitrified and shipped, then warmed in embryo holding medium at an embryo transfer facility before transfer to recipient mares; fresh IVP embryos were shipped and transferred as controls. In Exp. 1, embryos increased significantly in diameter after culture (P < 0.01), with no difference among treatments. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the number of viable nuclei, apoptotic rate, or microfilament distribution among treatments, or between vitrified-warmed and Control embryos. The mitotic rate was higher (P = 0.021) for Kit-RT (3.6%) when compared with the other treatment groups (1.5-2.0%). In Exp. 2, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in initial pregnancy (71.4-87.5%) or heartbeat (57.1%-85.7%) rates among warming treatments. In the clinical trial, there was no difference (P > 0.05) between vitrified-warmed and Control embryos in initial pregnancy (90.9% and 66.6%, respectively) or heartbeat (81.8% and 66.6%, respectively) rates. These results indicate that a semi-closed vitrification system using commercially-available media, and incorporating warming in the field in a single step using commercial embryo holding medium without cryoprotectants, can provide high pregnancy rates with IVP equine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa Siqueira Canesin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States
| | - Isabel Ortiz
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States
| | | | - Renato Mayrink Salgado
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States
| | - Joao Gatto Brom-de-Luna
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States
| | - Katrin Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States.
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Panzani D, Rota A, Tesi M, Fanelli D, Camillo F. Update on Donkey Embryo Transfer and Cryopreservation. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Diaz FA, Gutierrez EJ, Cramer E, Paccamonti DL, Gentry GT, Bondioli KR. Pregnancy Rates Following Low-Temperature Storage of Large Equine Embryos Before Vitrification. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 64:12-16. [PMID: 30973146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Satisfactory pregnancy rates can now be achieved following the cryopreservation of large equine embryos. Nonetheless, its wide application might be limited by the fact that the cryopreservation of large equine embryos requires a specialized micromanipulation equipment and micromanipulation/vitrification skills. Alternatives should be developed to increase its utilization and widespread application in the commercial equine industry. To determine if large equine embryos are able to remain viable during transport from farms to specialized centers for embryo cryopreservation, we evaluated pregnancy rates following the low-temperature storage of large equine embryos before vitrification. Grade 1 embryos (n = 37) were randomly assigned to six treatments consisting of day of collection (Day 7 or 8 after ovulation) and cooling for 0, 12, or 24 hours before vitrification in a factorial design. Pregnancy rates of Day 7 embryos cooled for 12 and 24 hours were 55.5% and 75%, respectively. Pregnancy rates of Day 8 embryos cooled for 12 and 24 hours were 0 and 16.6%, respectively. Day 7 cooled embryos resulted in higher pregnancy rate compared with Day 8 cooled embryos (64.7% and 7.7%, respectively; P < .05). Pregnancy rate comparison of cooled embryos grouped by diameter showed that embryos <550 μm resulted in a higher pregnancy rate compared with embryos >550 μm (71.4% and 12.5% respectively; P < .05). In conclusion, Day 7 equine embryos up to 550 μm can be cooled to temperatures of 9-12°C for 12 or 24 hours before vitrification and result in satisfactory pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Diaz
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA.
| | - Emilio J Gutierrez
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Eddie Cramer
- Louisiana Center for Equine Reproduction, Opelousas, LA
| | - Dale L Paccamonti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Glen T Gentry
- Bob R. Jones-Idlewild Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Clinton, LA
| | - Kenneth R Bondioli
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Pérez-Marín CC, Vizuete G, Vazquez-Martinez R, Galisteo JJ. Comparison of different cryopreservation methods for horse and donkey embryos. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:398-404. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Pérez-Marín
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - G. Vizuete
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - R. Vazquez-Martinez
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - J. J. Galisteo
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar de Ecija, Cría Caballar de las F.A.S.; Ecija, Seville Spain
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Hendriks WK, Roelen BAJ, Colenbrander B, Stout TAE. Cellular damage suffered by equine embryos after exposure to cryoprotectants or cryopreservation by slow-freezing or vitrification. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:701-7. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. K. Hendriks
- Department of Equine Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - B. A. J. Roelen
- Department of Farm Animal Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - B. Colenbrander
- Department of Equine Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - T. A. E. Stout
- Department of Farm Animal Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
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Raz T, Green GM, Carley SD, Card CE. Folliculogenesis, embryo parameters and post-transfer recipient pregnancy rate following equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment in cycling donor mares. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:138-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Meyers-Brown G, McCue P, Niswender K, Squires E, DeLuca C, Bidstrup L, Colgin M, Famula T, Roser J. Superovulation in Mares Using Recombinant Equine Follicle Stimulating Hormone: Ovulation Rates, Embryo Retrieval, and Hormone Profiles. J Equine Vet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Raz T, Gray A, Hunter B, Card C. Early effects of equine FSH (eFSH) treatment on hormonal and reproductive parameters in mares intended to carry their own pregnancy. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 115:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Campos-Chillòn L, Suh T, Barcelo-Fimbres M, Seidel G, Carnevale E. Vitrification of early-stage bovine and equine embryos. Theriogenology 2009; 71:349-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, a commercial product has been made available (equine follicle-stimulating hormone [eFSH]) for superovulating mares. This has provided the practitioner with a hormonal product that is readily available for enhancing multiple ovulations. Additional benefits of stimulating multiple follicles include an increased number of follicles available for oocyte collection, availability of extra embryos for embryo freezing, enhancement of fertility in subfertile mares, and advancement of the first ovulation of the year. This article provides a short historical background, but most of it centers on the use of eFSH for stimulation of follicular development and ovulation in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L Squires
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, ARBL Building, Foothills Campus Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683, USA.
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Abstract
Vitrification can be used successfully to cryopreserve equine embryos. Embryos for vitrification should be collected from donor mares' uteri when they are 300 mm or less in diameter, however,and at the morula or early blastocyst stage of development. No special equipment is required for vitrification; the straw containing the embryo is exposed to vapor for 1 minute before plunging it into liquid nitrogen. Warming of the straw requires no special equipment,and the embryo can be transferred directly from the straw into a recipient's uterus. Vitrification has been repeatedly successful when the procedure is used with small embryos and provides a method for the rapid cryopreservation of equine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Carnevale
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3194 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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