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Auclair-Ronzaud J, Barrier-Battut I, Bozec J, Potier PH, Dubois C, Wimel L. Relationship Between Ovulation and Body Temperature in the Mare: A Preliminary Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 130:104927. [PMID: 37717679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In the equine industry, monitoring of the reproduction cycle is key to be able to produce one foal per mare and per year. Ovulation detection is difficult partly due to the variability of the estrus length. Currently, the most reliable method for ovulation detection is transrectal ultrasonography. This technique, however, implies handling of the mare as well as veterinary costs. The aim of this experimentation is to study body temperature variations around ovulation. Nine reproduction cycles were monitored around ovulation. Transrectal ultrasonographies were performed each day as well as blood sampling to dose estradiol-17β and progesterone to confirm ultrasonographic results. Body temperature was automatically recorded every 10 minutes using an identification chip equipped with a temperature sensor implanted in the mares' neckline. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Daily body temperature pattern did not vary between the phases of the reproductive cycle (follicular, ovulatory and luteal). Temperature differences between phases, however, were identified and appeared hourly-specific. There was an increase of temperature at ovulation compared to the end of the follicular phase ranging from 0.51°C ± 0.21°C to 0.92°C ± 0.26°C and occurring between 04:30 and 08:00. Moreover, a significant increase of body temperature was measured during the first days of luteal phase, ranging from 0.29°C ± 0.17°C to 0.60°C ± 0.16°C, between 10:30 and 16:00. Body temperature varied around ovulation and it might be a promising tool for mare reproduction monitoring. A more complete study, however, focusing on the whole cycle is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeanne Bozec
- IFCE-Plateau Technique de Chamberet, Chamberet, France
| | | | - Cédric Dubois
- IFCE-Plateau Technique de Chamberet, Chamberet, France
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Segabinazzi LGTM, Gilbert RO, Ambrosia RL, Bergfelt DR, Samper JC, Peterson EW, French HM. Structural and Functional Dynamics of the Ovary and Uterus during the Estrous Cycle in Donkeys in the Eastern Caribbean. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010074. [PMID: 36611684 PMCID: PMC9817998 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight non-bred, non-pregnant, regularly cycling Caribbean jennies were examined daily via transrectal ultrasound to define the ovarian and uterine dynamics during four consecutive estrous cycles. Blood samples were collected every other day for progesterone analysis. The mean (±SD) overall inter-ovulatory interval across all donkeys and cycles was 22.93 ± 1.99 days. The maximum follicular diameter was 34.6 ± 2.9 mm. A two-wave pattern was evident in 97% (30/31) of the cycles. The emergence of the future dominant follicle and the largest subordinate follicle of the major primary wave coincided on Day 5.7 ± 3.6 post-ovulation, whereas the secondary wave emerged on Day 19.8 ± 2.9 during estrus of the previous cycle or early diestrus. The secondary wave was often minor (93%, 28/30 cycles). Follicular deviation occurred 8.2 ± 1.4 days before the subsequent ovulation. Luteal volume increased for the first four days after ovulation and reached a maximum volume of 8.5 ± 2.7 mm3 at Day 5.4 ± 0.4, before gradually regressing after Day 15. Serum progesterone concentration increased from Day 1 after ovulation, peaking at 27.0 ± 9.6 ng/mL between 7 and 10 days after ovulation. Progesterone concentration dropped precipitously around Day 15 after ovulation and was below 2 ng/mL around Day 17 ± 2. A day effect (p < 0.0001) was observed for corpus luteum’s volume, progesterone concentration, and uterine tone, but not for endometrial edema (p > 0.05). This study helps to clarify and define normal estrous characteristics of jennies in the Eastern Caribbean.
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Duval L, Rechsteiner SF, Gastal G, Gastal M, Mattos R, Gastal E. Ovarian and uterine dynamics during the estrous cycle in Criollo breed mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 118:104131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wischral A, Pastorello M, Gastal MO, Beg MA, Gastal EL. Hemodynamic, endocrine, and gene expression mechanisms regulating equine ovarian follicular and cellular development. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 89:23-38. [PMID: 34911155 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ovulatory follicle development and associated oocyte maturation involve complex coordinated molecular and cellular mechanisms not yet fully understood. This study addresses the relationships among follicle diameter, follicle wall blood flow, follicular-fluid factors, and gene expression for follicle growth, steroidogenesis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in granulosa/cumulus cells and oocytes during different stages from the beginning of largest/ovulatory follicle to impending ovulation in mares. The most remarkable findings were (i) a positive association between follicle development, follicle blood flow, intrafollicular follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for FSHR and LHCGR in granulosa cells of the largest/ovulatory follicle; (ii) a plateau or decrease in follicle diameter and blood flow and granulosa cell mRNA for FSHR, LHCGR, IGF1R, VEGFR2, CYP19A1, and CASP3 at the preovulatory stage; (iii) higher StAR and BCL2 and lower CASP3 mRNA in granulosa cells at the time of impending ovulation; (iv) greater IGF1R mRNA for granulosa cells at the predeviation stage; and (v) lower FSHR, LHCGR, IGF1R, and VEGFR2 mRNA in cumulus cells and greater LHCGR and IGF1R mRNA in oocytes at the ovulatory stage. This study is a critical advance in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of follicle development and oocyte maturation and is expected to be vital for future studies targeting potential markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurea Wischral
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marilia Pastorello
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Melba O Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohd A Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Gastal EL, Pastorello M, Godoi DB, Gastal MO. Reproductive patterns and follicular waves in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 107:103732. [PMID: 34802620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This comparative study between postpartum lactating (PP Lactating) and non-postpartum cycling (N-PP Cycling) mares aimed to characterize reproductive patterns, types and frequencies of follicular waves, corpus luteum and endometrial echotexture dynamics, and the influence of season and body condition. Mares from each group were paired considering the day of parturition of a PP Lactating mare. The partum-ovulation interval (POI) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI) were evaluated for PP Lactating mares, and 2 IOIs were evaluated for N-PP Cycling mares. The following observations were made: (i) PP Lactating mares have several different reproductive patterns, such as continuous reproductive activity (i.e., short or long POIs followed by a PPIOI), ovarian inactivity after the first postpartum ovulation, or continuous ovarian inactivity (postpartum anestrous phase); (ii) a greater total number of minor waves was seen in PP Lactating mares; (iii) major primary follicular waves (i.e., ovulatory) emerge around the day of parturition in mares with short POIs; (iv) the season of parturition (spring season), decrease in body condition score, and body-weight loss can have an associated detrimental effect in PP Lactating mares by increasing the total number of minor follicular waves and, consequently, the POI length; (v) endometrial echotexture scores are higher during the POI and can be influenced by the season of parturition; and (vi) corpus luteum development and demise are similar between PP Lactating and N-PP Cycling mares. This study provides, for the first time, detailed information about reproductive physiological aspects during the postpartum period and may facilitate the interpretation of gynecological practices during the foal heat and subsequent IOI in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA; Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Pastorello
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel B Godoi
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Melba O Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pietrani M, Losinno L, Cuervo Arango J. Effect of the Interval From Prostaglandin F2alpha Treatment to Ovulation on Reproductive Efficiency Rates in a Commercial Equine Embryo Transfer Program. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 78:123-126. [PMID: 31203975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 2.228 cycles of 180 Polo Argentino donor mares from an embryo transfer program in Argentina were examined to evaluate the effects of: (1) Interval from Prostaglandin F2alpha analog treatment to ovulation (ITO) on embryo recovery rate (ERR); (2) ITO on number of embryos per flushing (EPF); (3) ITO on multiple ovulation (MO) rate; (4) ITO from donor mare on pregnancy rate (PR) in recipient mares. Mares were inseminated with fresh semen from 31 fertile stallions in the induced estrus. Embryo flushing was performed 7-8 days postovulation. Following embryo flushing, donor mares were treated with prostaglandin F2alpha analog (cloprostenol 250 μg). The ERR increased along with the ITO (P = .01), with the lowest ERR (30.7%) for mares with an ITO of <4 days, and the highest (78.3%) in mares with an ITO of 10 days. The ITO from the donor mare in which the embryo was recovered did not have a significant effect on PR: ITO <6, 6 to 10, and >10 days were 74.6, 81.4, and 77.3%, respectively. The number of EPF and MO rate increased gradually along with the ITO (P < .05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that the ITO is positively correlated with the embryo recovery and the multiple ovulation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Pietrani
- Cátedra de producción Equina, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Argentina, Chamical, La Rioja.
| | - Luis Losinno
- Laboratorio de Producción Equina, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Cuervo Arango
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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