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De Castilho T, Rosa GDS, Stievani FC, Apolônio EVP, Pfeifer JPH, Altheman VG, Palialogo V, Santos NJ, Fonseca-Alves CE, Alves ALG. Biocompatibility of hydrogel derived from equine tendon extracellular matrix in horses subcutaneous tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1296743. [PMID: 38260745 PMCID: PMC10801062 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1296743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathies account for a substantial proportion of musculoskeletal injuries. To improve treatment outcomes for partial and total tendon ruptures, new therapies are under investigation. These include the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biocompatible scaffolds derived from the Extracellular Matrix (ECM). Synthetic polymer hydrogels have not demonstrated results as promising as those achieved with ECM hydrogels sourced from the original tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of a hydrogel formulated from equine tendon ECM. Six horses were administered three subcutaneous doses of the hydrogel, with a saline solution serving as a control. Biopsies were conducted on days 7, 14, and 56 post-application to gauge the hydrogel's impact. Throughout the experiment, the horse's physical condition remained stable. Thermographic analyses revealed a temperature increase in the treated groups compared to the control group within the initial 12 h. The von Frey test, used to measure the mechanical nociceptive threshold, also showed significant differences between the treated group and the control group at 6 h, 21 days, and 28 days. Histopathological analyses identified an inflammatory response on day 7, which was absent on days 14 and 56. Transmission electron microscopy indicated a decrease in inflammatory cellularity, while immunohistochemistry staining suggested an increased presence of inflammatory factors on day 14. In summary, the hydrogel is easily injectable, triggers a temporary local inflammatory response, and integrates into the adjacent tissue from day 14 onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago De Castilho
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Regenerative Medicine Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Gustavo dos Santos Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Regenerative Medicine Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Castro Stievani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Regenerative Medicine Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Vítor Pereira Apolônio
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Regenerative Medicine Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Hübbe Pfeifer
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Regenerative Medicine Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Vittoria Guerra Altheman
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Regenerative Medicine Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Valéria Palialogo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Regenerative Medicine Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Nilton José Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Liz Garcia Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Regenerative Medicine Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Hellman A, Maietta T, Clum A, Byraju K, Raviv N, Staudt MD, Jeannotte E, Ghoshal G, Shin D, Neubauer P, Williams E, Heffter T, Burdette C, Qian J, Nalwalk J, Pilitsis JG. Pilot study on the effects of low intensity focused ultrasound in a swine model of neuropathic pain. J Neurosurg 2021; 135:1508-1515. [PMID: 33862597 PMCID: PMC10804417 DOI: 10.3171/2020.9.jns202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors' laboratory has previously demonstrated beneficial effects of noninvasive low intensity focused ultrasound (liFUS), targeted at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), for reducing allodynia in rodent neuropathic pain models. However, in rats the DRG is 5 mm below the skin when approached laterally, while in humans the DRG is typically 5-8 cm deep. Here, using a modified liFUS probe, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of using external liFUS for modulation of antinociceptive responses in neuropathic swine. METHODS Two cohorts of swine underwent a common peroneal nerve injury (CPNI) to induce neuropathic pain. In the first cohort, pigs (14 kg) were iteratively tested to determine treatment parameters. liFUS penetration to the L5 DRG was verified by using a thermocouple to monitor tissue temperature changes and by measuring nerve conduction velocity (NCV) at the corresponding common peroneal nerve (CPN). Pain behaviors were monitored before and after treatment. DRG was evaluated for tissue damage postmortem. Based on data from the first cohort, a treatment algorithm was developed, parameter predictions were verified, and neuropathic pain was significantly modified in a second cohort of larger swine (20 kg). RESULTS The authors performed a dose-response curve analysis in 14-kg CPNI swine. Specifically, after confirming that the liFUS probe could reach 5 cm in ex vivo tissue experiments, the authors tested liFUS in 14-kg CPNI swine. The mean ± SEM DRG depth was 3.79 ± 0.09 cm in this initial cohort. The parameters were determined and then extrapolated to larger animals (20 kg), and predictions were verified. Tissue temperature elevations at the treatment site did not exceed 2°C, and the expected increases in the CPN NCV were observed. liFUS treatment eliminated pain guarding in all animals for the duration of follow-up (up to 1 month) and improved allodynia for 5 days postprocedure. No evidence of histological damage was seen using Fluoro-Jade and H&E staining. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that a 5-cm depth can be reached with external liFUS and alters pain behavior and allodynia in a large-animal model of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Hellman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Teresa Maietta
- Departments of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Alicia Clum
- Departments of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Kanakaharini Byraju
- Departments of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Nataly Raviv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Michael D. Staudt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Erin Jeannotte
- Department of Animals Resources Facility, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | | | - Damian Shin
- Departments of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Julia Nalwalk
- Departments of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Julie G. Pilitsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
- Departments of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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Hellman A, Maietta T, Clum A, Byraju K, Raviv N, Staudt MD, Jeannotte E, Nalwalk J, Belin S, Poitelon Y, Pilitsis JG. Development of a common peroneal nerve injury model in domestic swine for the study of translational neuropathic pain treatments. J Neurosurg 2021; 135:1516-1523. [PMID: 33862596 PMCID: PMC8521549 DOI: 10.3171/2020.9.jns202961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, muscular and bone pain have been studied in domestic swine models, but the only neuropathic pain model described in swine is a mixed neuritis model. Common peroneal nerve injury (CPNI) neuropathic pain models have been utilized in both mice and rats. METHODS The authors developed a swine surgical CPNI model of neuropathic pain. Behavioral outcomes were validated with von Frey filament testing, thermal sensitivity assessments, and social and motor scoring. Demyelination of the nerve was confirmed through standard histological assessment. The contralateral nerve served as the control. RESULTS CPNI induced mechanical and thermal allodynia (p < 0.001 [n = 10] and p < 0.05 [n = 4], respectively) and increased pain behavior, i.e., guarding of the painful leg (n = 12). Myelin protein zero (P0) staining revealed demyelination of the ligated nerve upstream of the ligation site. CONCLUSIONS In a neuropathic pain model in domestic swine, the authors demonstrated that CPNI induces demyelination of the common peroneal nerve, which the authors hypothesize is responsible for the resulting allodynic pain behavior. As the anatomical features of domestic swine resemble those of humans more closely than previously used rat and mouse models, utilizing this swine model, which is to the authors' knowledge the first of its kind, will aid in the translation of experimental treatments to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Hellman
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Teresa Maietta
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Alicia Clum
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Kanakaharini Byraju
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Nataly Raviv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Michael D. Staudt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Erin Jeannotte
- Department of Animals Resources Facility, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Julia Nalwalk
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Julie G. Pilitsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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Sparks HD, Sigaeva T, Tarraf S, Mandla S, Pope H, Hee O, Di Martino ES, Biernaskie J, Radisic M, Scott WM. Biomechanics of Wound Healing in an Equine Limb Model: Effect of Location and Treatment with a Peptide-Modified Collagen-Chitosan Hydrogel. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:265-278. [PMID: 33342210 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The equine distal limb wound healing model, characterized by delayed re-epithelialization and a fibroproliferative response to wounding similar to that observed in humans, is a valuable tool for the study of biomaterials poised for translation into both the veterinary and human medical markets. In the current study, we developed a novel method of biaxial biomechanical testing to assess the functional outcomes of healed wounds in a modified equine model and discovered significant functional and structural differences in both unwounded and injured skin at different locations on the distal limb that must be considered when using this model in future work. Namely, the medial skin was thicker and displayed earlier collagen engagement, medial wounds experienced a greater proportion of wound contraction during closure, and proximal wounds produced significantly more exuberant granulation tissue. Using this new knowledge of the equine model of aberrant wound healing, we then investigated the effect of a peptide-modified collagen-chitosan hydrogel on wound healing. Here, we found that a single treatment with the QHREDGS (glutamine-histidine-arginine-glutamic acid-aspartic acid-glycine-serine) peptide-modified hydrogel (Q-peptide hydrogel) resulted in a higher rate of wound closure and was able to modulate the biomechanical function toward a more compliant healed tissue without observable negative effects. Thus, we conclude that the use of a Q-peptide hydrogel provides a safe and effective means of improving the rate and quality of wound healing in a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly D Sparks
- Department of Veterinary Clinical & Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Taisiya Sigaeva
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Samar Tarraf
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Serena Mandla
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Hannah Pope
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Olivia Hee
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Elena S Di Martino
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada
| | - W Michael Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Xiao A, Wu C, Kuang L, Lu W, Zhao X, Kuang Z, Hao N. Effect of Zhongyi paste on inflammatory pain in mice by regulation of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2-cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E 2 pathway. Korean J Pain 2020; 33:335-343. [PMID: 32989198 PMCID: PMC7532292 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2020.33.4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zhongyi paste is a traditional Chinese medicine herbal paste that is externally applied to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Methods An acute foot swelling inflammation model in C57BL/6J mice was established by carrageenan-induced pathogenesis. Zhongyi paste raised the pain threshold and also reduced the degree of swelling in mice with carrageenan-induced foot swelling. Results Analysis indicated that serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) cytokine levels and PGE2 levels in the paw tissue of the mice were decreased by Zhongyi paste treatment. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot results showed that Zhongyi paste downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and also downregulated the mRNA expression of PGE2. At the same time, the Zhongyi paste exerted a stronger effect as an external drug than that of indomethacin, which is an oral drug, and voltaren, which is an externally applied drug. Conclusions Our results indicated that Zhongyi paste is a very effective drug to reduce inflammatory swelling of the foot, and its mechanism of action is related to regulation of the ERK1/2–COX-2–PGE2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailan Xiao
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuncao Wu
- Office of Academic Research, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Kuang
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Weizhong Lu
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiping Kuang
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Hao
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Carvalho JRG, Conde G, Antonioli ML, Dias PP, Vasconcelos RO, Taboga SR, Canola PA, Chinelatto MA, Pereira GT, Ferraz GC. Biocompatibility and biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and an immiscible PLA/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blend compatibilized by poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran) implanted in horses. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Jørgensen E, Bay L, Skovgaard LT, Bjarnsholt T, Jacobsen S. An Equine Wound Model to Study Effects of Bacterial Aggregates on Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:487-498. [PMID: 31456906 PMCID: PMC6709944 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Relevant animal models to study effects of bacterial aggregates on wound healing are lacking. We aimed at establishing an equine wound model with bacterial aggregates to investigate the impact of bacterial inoculation on normal (thorax) and impaired (limb) wound healing. Approach: Wounds were created on three limbs and both thorax sides of six horses. Twelve out of 20 wounds per horse were inoculated with 104 Staphylococcus aureus and 105 Pseudomonas aeruginosa on day 4. Healing was monitored until day 27 by clinical assessment, including wound scoring, surface pH measurements, and digital photography for area determination. Biopsies were used for bacterial culture and for peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect bacterial aggregates. Results: Inoculated limb wounds healed slower than noninoculated limb wounds from day 10 onward (p < 0.0001). Inoculated and noninoculated thorax wounds healed equally well and faster than limb wounds. The odds ratio of detecting bacterial aggregates in inoculated limb wounds was 7.1 (2.4-21.0, p = 0.0086) compared with noninoculated limb wounds and 36.2 (3.8-348, p = 0.0018) compared with thorax wounds. Innovation: This equine wound model with bacterial aggregates might be superior to other animal wound models, as both normal and impaired healing can be studied simultaneously. In this model, many aspects of wound healing, including novel treatments, may be studied. Conclusions: The impaired healing observed in inoculated limb wounds may be related to the persistent bacterial aggregates. Both in capability of clearing inoculated bacteria from the wounds and in healing pattern, thorax wounds were superior to limb wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Jørgensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Lene Bay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lene T. Skovgaard
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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