1
|
Medeiros do Nascimento RC, Graboschii ACG, da Fonseca LS, Silva AR, Souto PC, da Fonseca LA, Goulart MOF, Escodro PB. Pain Assessment and Acute Phase Response in Donkeys Submitted to Inguinal Orchiectomy. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 123:104223. [PMID: 36632948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In most animals, pain can compromise physiological functions and delay healing so, rapid detection of pain through behavior and inflammatory reaction with biomarkers are necessary. This study aimed to evaluate pain, physiological variations and Acute Phase Proteins (APP) in donkeys undergoing orchiectomy technique by inguinal access. For this research, 15 male northeastern donkeys kept in extensive management were selected, with a mean age of 4.5±3.1 years. All animals had the same anesthetic protocol, using dissociative anesthesia and local block with lidocaine, followed by orchiectomy by inguinal access. Due to their predisposition to complications, the inguinal technique is the most indicated to minimize complications and excessive inflammation in donkeys' orchiectomy, the donkeys were evaluated regarding behavioral assessment of pain, hematological parameters, APP and the surgical wound, during 0 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. As for the physiological parameters and APP, no significant differences were observed between times, due to the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In the macroscopic evaluation of the surgical wound, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the times, with animals presenting mean scores of 1.8±0.414, in 48 hours 1.6 ± 0.507, and in 72 hours 1.6 ± 0.507. Most animals had mild to moderate edema in the scrotum and foreskin regions. As for pain assessment, the average scores were between 2 and 3, representing mild and moderate pain, not requiring intervention. However, further research is needed to elucidate the behavior of PFAs in the face of variables and the creation of new pain scales for animals raised in an extensive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aline Rocha Silva
- Veterinary department of the Federal University of Alagoas, Viçosa- Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Donkey Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: A Scoping Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030408. [PMID: 36766295 PMCID: PMC9913831 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are commonly used physiological measures in animals. While several studies exist on horse HRV, less information is available for donkeys. This scoping review aims to understand the extent and type of published evidence on donkey HR and HRV, their clinical and research applications, the devices used, and the analysis performed. Only quantitative primary studies published in English were considered. Four different databases were queried through the Web of Science platform, with additional evidence identified by citation chasing. After a two-stage screening phase, data were extracted considering study and population characteristics, information on HR/HRV analysis, and applications. The majority of the 87 included articles (about 80%) concerned a sample size of up to 20 individuals and were published since 2011 (about 65%). Forty-one articles employed an electronic device for signal acquisition (mainly electrocardiographs and heart rate monitors), yet only two articles reported HRV parameters. The literature on donkey HRV is lacking, and this gap can be filled by gaining knowledge on donkey characteristics and finding useful tools for welfare assessment. Comparison with what is known about the horse allows a discussion of the technical and interpretative difficulties that can be encountered with donkeys.
Collapse
|
3
|
Samimi AS, Poostfroush S, Samimi K, Tajik J. Comparative anti‐inflammatory effects of insulin and dexamethasone on cardiovascular biomarkers and antioxidants in miniature donkeys subjected to induced carbohydrate overload. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Samimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
| | | | | | - J. Tajik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gasparin AT, Rosa ES, Jesus CHA, Guiloski IC, da Silva de Assis HC, Beltrame OC, Dittrich RL, Pacheco SDG, Zanoveli JM, da Cunha JM. Bixin attenuates mechanical allodynia, anxious and depressive-like behaviors associated with experimental diabetes counteracting oxidative stress and glycated hemoglobin. Brain Res 2021; 1767:147557. [PMID: 34107278 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, depression, and anxiety are common comorbidities in diabetic patients, whose pathophysiology involves hyperglycemia-induced increased oxidative stress. Bixin (BIX), an apocarotenoid extracted from the seeds of Bixa orellana, has been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes and has been recognized by its antioxidant profile. We aimed to investigate the effect of the BIX over the mechanical allodynia, depressive, and anxious-like behaviors associated with experimental diabetes, along with its involved mechanisms. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated for 17 days (starting 14 days after diabetes induction) with the corresponding vehicle, BIX (10, 30 or 90 mg/kg; p.o), or INS (6 IU; s.c.). Mechanical allodynia, depressive, and anxious-like behavior were assessed by electronic Von Frey, forced swimming, and elevated plus-maze tests, respectively. Locomotor activity was assessed by the open field test. Blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1) and the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated on the hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex, lumbar spinal cord, and sciatic nerve. Diabetic animals developed mechanical allodynia, depressive and anxious-like behavior, increased plasma HbA1, increased LPO, and decreased GSH levels in tissues analyzed. Repeated BIX-treatment (at all tested doses) significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia, the depressive (30 and 90 mg/kg) and, anxious-like behaviors (all doses) in diabetic rats, without changing the locomotor performance. BIX (at all tested doses) restored the oxidative parameters in tissues analyzed and reduced the plasma HbA1. Thereby, bixin may represent an alternative for the treatment of comorbidities associated with diabetes, counteracting oxidative stress and plasma HbA1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Thamara Gasparin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Evelize Stacoviaki Rosa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Alves Jesus
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Olair Carlos Beltrame
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Locatelli Dittrich
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Menezes Zanoveli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Joice Maria da Cunha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abouelfetouh MM, Salah E, Ding M, Ding Y. Application of α 2 -adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages-insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:478-502. [PMID: 33709435 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha2 -adrenergic agonists have been implicated in the development of pulmonary edema (PE) and sustained hypoxemia that lead to life-threatening pulmonary distress in ruminants, especially with sensitive and compromised animals. Recently, there is limited understanding of exact mechanism underlying pulmonary alterations associated with α2 -adrenergic agonist administration. Ruminants have a rich population of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) in the pulmonary circulation, which may be involved in the development of pulmonary alveolo-capillary barrier damage. Hence, the central thesis of this review is overviewing the literatures regarding the systemic use of α2 -adrenergic agonists in domestic ruminants, focusing on their pulmonary side effects, especially on the influence of PIMs on the lung. At this moment, further studies are needed to provide a clear emphasis and better understanding of the potential role of PIMs in the lung pathophysiology associated with α2 -adrenergic agonists. These preliminary studies would be potentially to develop future medications and intervention targets that may be helpful to alleviate or prevent the critical striking pulmonary effects, and thereby improving the safety of α2 -agonist application in ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Abouelfetouh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Surgery, Radiology and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Eman Salah
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Mingxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Perez-Ecija A, Buzon-Cuevas A, Aguilera-Aguilera R, Gonzalez-De Cara C, Mendoza Garcia FJ. Reference intervals of acute phase proteins in healthy Andalusian donkeys and response to experimentally induced endotoxemia. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:580-589. [PMID: 33336874 PMCID: PMC7848381 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of acute phase proteins (APPs) may allow prompt detection of diseases in donkeys, that otherwise may be missed because of the stoic behavior of donkeys. Reference intervals (RIs) of APPs measured using immunoassays and a comparison of the response of these biomarkers to a controlled inflammatory insult are lacking in donkeys. OBJECTIVES (a) To describe the RIs for APPs in healthy Andalusian donkeys, (b) to study the effects of sex and age on APPs, and (c) to assess the early response of APPs to experimentally induced endotoxemia. ANIMALS Seventy-three healthy Andalusian donkeys (67 for RIs and 6 for endotoxemia). METHODS Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (Cp), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), procalcitonin (PCT), ferritin (Ft), and fibrinogen (Fb) RIs were determined. Endotoxemia was induced and samples for APP determination were obtained at regular intervals for 4 hours. RESULTS The RIs in Andalusian donkeys were: SAA (0.1-0.6 mg/L), Hp (75-2261 mg/L), CRP (1.3-7.0 mg/L), Cp (0-745 mg/L), AGP (0-884 mg/L), PCT (0-504 pg/mL), Ft (26.9-31.8 μg/L), and Fb (115-466 mg/dL). Concentrations of SAA were higher (P < .05) in jacks. Donkeys <5 years old had higher Cp, AGP, and PCT compared to older donkeys. Concentrations of SAA and Hp were significantly increased in endotoxemic donkeys from 2 hours postinduction. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We illustrated the importance of using species-specific RIs for APPs in donkeys and the effect of age and sex on APP concentrations. Concentrations of SAA and Hp appear to be the most useful biomarkers in donkeys in the early stages of endotoxemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Buzon-Cuevas
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Gonzalez-De Cara
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|