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Renaudin C, Villanueva ES, Martin-Pelaez S, Huggins L, Davis K, Dujovne G, Choi E, Martins B, Dini P. In utero ultrasound diagnosis of bilateral cataract and hydrops in a mule pregnancy: Case report. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 132:104973. [PMID: 38029889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Once diagnosed pregnant with ultrasound at an early stage of gestation, mares are usually not examined before foaling. The objective of this case report was to highlight the importance of transrectal ultrasound screening examination and to report a unique case of fetal congenital cataracts associated with other feto-placental abnormalities in a mule pregnancy, its in utero ultrasound diagnosis and outcome. A 17-year-old Thoroughbred research mare carrying a mule fetus was examined by transrectal ultrasonography at 186 days of gestation for a routine pregnancy examination. Ultrasonography allowed in utero diagnosis of fetal congenital cataracts, hyperechogenic bowels, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), hydramnios and placental abnormalities. The mare was monitored bi-monthly to observe the progress of the pregnancy. At 258 days of gestation, the abnormal chorioallantois detached at the cervical star and at 272 days, fetal asystole was diagnosed. Abortion was induced and the fetus was delivered uneventfully. Post-mortem gross and histologic findings confirmed the prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis. This case highlights the diagnostic value of a complete fetal ultrasound examination to detect equine fetal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Renaudin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Eduardo Santos Villanueva
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Soledad Martin-Pelaez
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Lauren Huggins
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Kelli Davis
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ghislaine Dujovne
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Eunju Choi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bianca Martins
- Departement of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Pouya Dini
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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Gao Y, Yoshida S, Takeyama A, Tagami M, Rajabi-Toustani R, Tsogtgerel M, Nambo Y. Use of Transabdominal Ultrasound and Maternal Hormone Testing for the Prenatal Monitoring of Equine Fetal Enlarged Bladder. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 128:104867. [PMID: 37329927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound examination during late gestation is one of the best methods for monitoring potential pregnancy risks. Enlarged bladder is a urological disorder rarely observed in equine fetuses. This clinical case report aimed to present a case illustrating the development of equine fetal enlarged bladder using transabdominal ultrasound examinations and maternal hormone evaluation during gestation. An 8-year-old Hokkaido native pony was impregnated by embryo transfer, and at 215 days of gestation, abnormalities of the fetal bladder were detected. The bladder volume increased with gestational age, and a second bladder was observed at 257 days of gestation. No abnormalities were observed in the fetal kidneys. Moreover, the maternal plasma progesterone concentration was measured throughout the gestation period. The progesterone concentration was elevated from 36 weeks of gestation until parturition. At 363 days of gestation, parturition induction was conducted, and a foal successfully delivered. This case report is the first to describe the development of equine fetal enlarged bladder and record the corresponding ultrasound and hormone profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sakura Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akiko Takeyama
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tagami
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reza Rajabi-Toustani
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Munkhtuul Tsogtgerel
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Gao Y, Hannan MA, Murata K, Rajabi-Toustani R, Nambo Y. Ultrasonographic examination of equine fetal growth parameters throughout gestation in pony for Equine-Assisted Therapy. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:74-81. [PMID: 34819425 PMCID: PMC8810330 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine-Assisted Therapy (EAT) is gaining popularity. Ultrasound examination is used to decrease the abortion rate in horses. In this study, to monitor fetal well-being throughout the gestation for EAT, we measured fetal heart rate (FHR), fetal eye orbit (FEO), fetal gonad length (FGL), fetal kidney length (FKL), and the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) by ultrasonography in pony mares. Additionally, we measured the plasma progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations in pregnant horses using enzyme immunoassay. The FGL peaked at week 32 and then decreased to term, and a strong correlation (r=0.72, P<0.001) between the FGL and E2 concentration was observed. A strong correlation with gestational age was detected among the FEO (r=0.96, P<0.001), FKL (r=0.85, P<0.001), and CTUP (r=0.96, P<0.001). The P4 concentration peaked at week 10, decreased to low levels (below 5 ng/ml), and peaked before parturition. In conclusion, this study provides information on fetal growth throughout gestation in pony mares for EAT. In addition, it revealed the relationship between ultrasonographic profile and plasma hormone concentrations during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - M A Hannan
- Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Khulna Agricultural University
| | - Kaishi Murata
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Reza Rajabi-Toustani
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
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