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Jacobs RD, Grum D, Trible B, Ayala DI, Karnezos TP, Gordon ME. Oral probiotic administration attenuates postexercise inflammation in horses. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae124. [PMID: 39281311 PMCID: PMC11401344 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are commonly incorporated into equine diets to impart health and performance benefits; however, peer-reviewed evidence supporting their efficacy in horses is limited. Interestingly, bacteria from the Bacillus genus are gaining interest for their unique ability to impact metabolic, immune, and inflammatory pathways. The objective of this trial was to evaluate a selection of Bacilli for their role in altering the inflammatory response in horses to exercise. Eighteen horses were utilized in a randomized cross-over trial. Horses were randomly assigned to one of 6 starting treatments including a negative and positive control, and groups that received one of 4 probiotics (Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086, Bacillus subtilis-1, Bacillus subtilis-2, or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) top dressed to their daily ration at a rate of 8 billion CFU/d mixed into dried whey powder. All horses received a similar base diet of grass hay offered at 2.0% of bodyweight daily along with 4.54 kg of a commercially available textured horse feed. Each 3-wk phase of the trial consisted of a 2-wk dietary acclimation followed by a 1-wk exercise challenge and sample collection. Between phases, horses were offered only their base diet. On the day of exercise, horses were offered their 0700 ration and then subjected to a 2-h standardized exercise test. Blood samples were obtained prior to starting exercise and then again at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72-h postexercise. Horses in the positive control group were administered 0.23 mg/kg BW flunixin meglumine immediately following the 0-h sampling. Samples were analyzed for serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations. Data were evaluated via ANOVA using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4. Exercise-induced inflammation as evidenced by SAA, IL-6, and PGE2 increases postexercise. Horses consuming B. coagulans GBI-30, 6086 had reduced production of SAA, IL-6, and PGE2 compared to all other probiotic-fed groups and the negative control (P < 0.001). The positive control successfully ameliorated the postexercise inflammatory response. These data highlight the potential for B. coagulans GBI-30, 6086 to be incorporated into equine rations as a method to support optimal response to exercise or other inflammation-inducing challenges. Additional research is ongoing to elucidate the methodology by which these results occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Jacobs
- Land O Lakes, Purina Animal Nutrition, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA
| | - Daniel Grum
- Land O Lakes, Purina Animal Nutrition, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA
| | - Benjamin Trible
- Land O Lakes, Purina Animal Nutrition, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA
| | - Diana I Ayala
- Land O Lakes, Purina Animal Nutrition, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA
| | | | - Mary E Gordon
- Land O Lakes, Purina Animal Nutrition, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA
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Cooke CG, Gibb Z, Grupen CG, Schemann K, Deshpande N, Harnett JE. Effect of probiotics and prebiotics on the composition of the equine fecal and seminal microbiomes and sperm quality: A pilot study. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 135:105032. [PMID: 38401778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic and prebiotic effects on equine semen and gastrointestinal microbiome composition and sperm quality are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-, pro- or synbiotic supplementation on fecal and semen microbiome composition and sperm quality parameters of stallions. This Latin square crossover trial involved four miniature pony stallions receiving control diet only, or addition of a pro-, pre- or synbiotic formulation. Full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to measure diversity of semen and fecal microbiomes. Total sperm count, total motility, progressive motility, DNA integrity, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial oxidative stress, biomarkers of sperm quality, were measured after each intervention. A general linear model was employed to analyse and compare microbiome diversity measures and sperm quality data across four time points. Shannon's diversity index (alpha-diversity), and evenness of semen and gastrointestinal microbiomes were significantly different (p<0.001). A trend was observed for prebiotic effects on the diversity indices of the GI microbiome (p= 0.07). No effects of treatments were observed on either semen microbiome or sperm quality. Pre-, pro- and synbiotic supplements showed no negative effect on sperm quality parameters observed. This proof of concept provides preliminary data to inform future studies exploring the relationship between microbiomes and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giselle Cooke
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Zamira Gibb
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Christopher G Grupen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - Kathrin Schemann
- Sydney Informatics Hub, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Nandan Deshpande
- Sydney Informatics Hub, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Joanna E Harnett
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Benameur F, Belkaaloul K, Kheroua O. Isolation of 60 strains from fermented milk of mares and donkeys in Algeria and identification by 16S rRNA sequencing of lactobacilli: Assessment of probiotic skills of important strains and aromatic productivity power. Vet World 2024; 17:829-841. [PMID: 38798294 PMCID: PMC11111728 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.829-841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Donkey and mare milk have high nutritional and functional values, but their lactic acid bacteria (LAB) content remains poorly studied and undervalued in the Algerian dairy industry. This study aimed to isolate and select LAB strains that produce antimicrobial substances during fermentation and to characterize the probiotic profiles of each extracted strain to indicate their potential for antioxidant and proteolytic activity. Materials and Methods This study focuses on isolating and identifying lactic acid bacterial strains from 10 Equid-fermented milk samples collected in two regions of El Bayed Wilaya (Algeria). Identification of LAB strains was obtained by 16S rRNA sequencing. The probiotic properties of important strains and their aromatic productivity power are assessed. To evaluate their antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Chryseobacterium joostei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, we selected 21 strains. Different induction methods have been used to amplify the antibacterial effects against these pathogenic strains. Results Among a total of 60 identified strains, 31 had a probiotic profile, and most were catalase-negative. Aromatic productivity power was observed in eight strains: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Weissella confusa, Weissella cibaria, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc lactis, and Lactobacillus sp1. Conclusion Our results provide insight into the considerable diversity of LAB present in fermented donkey and mare milk. To meet the expectations of the Algerian dairy industry, it is important that the probiotic skills of the nine selected strains are met. In addition, a significant number of these strains may have important probiotic activity and biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Benameur
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Kawthar Belkaaloul
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Omar Kheroua
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
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Lauková A, Micenková L, Kubašová I, Bino E, Kandričáková A, Plachá I, Štrkolcová G, Gálik B, Kováčik A, Halo M, Simonová MP. Microbiota, Phagocytic Activity, Biochemical Parameters and Parasite Control in Horses with Application of Autochthonous, Bacteriocin-Producing, Probiotic Strain Enterococcus faecium EF 412. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:139-148. [PMID: 35119612 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial influence of bacteriocin-producing, probiotic, mostly non-autochthonous bacteria has already been reported in various animals. However, their use in horses provides limited information, and results with autochthonous bacteria have not been reported. Therefore, the main objective of this model study was to test the effect of autochthonous, bacteriocin-producing faecal strain Enterococcus faecium EF 412 application in horses. One gram of freeze-dried EF 412 strain (109 CFU/mL for 21 days) was applied to horses in a small feed ball. Clinically healthy horses (12), Slovak warm-blood breed of various ages (5-13 years), were involved in a 35-day-long experiment, also functioning as control for themselves. They were stabled in separate boxes (university property), fed twice a day (hay, whole oats or grazed) with water access ad libitum. Sampling was performed at the start of the experiment, i.e. at days 0/1, 21 (3 weeks of EF 412 application) and at day 35 (2 weeks of EF 412 cessation). EF 412 colonized GIT of horses was 3.54 ± 0.75 CFU/g (log 10) at day 21. The eggs of the nematode Strongylus spp. were not found in horses after EF 412 application, and Eimeria spp. oocysts were similarly not found. The other microbiota were not reduced as evaluated by the use of standard method. Using next-generation sequencing, at phylum level, phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated and at family level, they were Bacteroidales BS11 and S24-7 gut goups and Lentisphaerae. In horses, the increasing tendency in phagocytic activity was noted after EF 412 application. Biochemical parameters were in the physiological range. Total protein value was significantly decreased at day 21 compared with day 0/1 as well as with day 35 (P < 0.05). Cholesterol and triglycerides were influenced (decreased) at day 21 compared with day 0/1 and day 35. Neither nematode eggs Strongylus spp. nor Eimeria spp. oocysts were found in faeces after EF 412 application. Autochthonous, faecal strain E. faecium EF 412 showed promising application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Micenková
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kotlárska 2, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Kubašová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Bino
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Kandričáková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Plachá
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Štrkolcová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 83, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Gálik
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sources, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sources, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marko Halo
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sources, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Monika Pogány Simonová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
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Xavier-Santos D, Scharlack NK, Pena FDL, Antunes AEC. Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation, via food and non-food matrices, on children’s health promotion: A scoping review. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lucassen A, Hankel J, Finkler-Schade C, Osbelt L, Strowig T, Visscher C, Schuberth HJ. Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product (Olimond BB) Does Not Alter the Fecal Microbiota of Thoroughbred Racehorses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121496. [PMID: 35739833 PMCID: PMC9219515 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) are feed supplements and are widely used in animal nutrition to promote health. The biological effects of SCFP are based on prebiotic mechanisms that directly influence the microbial community of the gut microbiome or postbiotic factors that directly interact with host cells. To show whether the immunomodulatory effects of SCFP feeding are due to an altered composition of gut microbiota, we analyzed the fecal microbiota of racehorses. Horses were fed either the SCFP (Olimond BB) or a placebo product for six weeks, and fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. During this period, SCFP feeding only subtly affected the fecal microbiota in bacterial composition and diversity. SCFP and placebo horses differed significantly in the fecal bacterial diversity directly after intramuscular influenza vaccination. Altogether, the findings argue against a strong prebiotic effect of SCFP in racehorses. In contrast, the modulation of vaccine- and host-induced alterations of the microbiome suggests that the main effects of SCFP are due to contained or induced postbiotic components. Abstract Feed supplements such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) alter immune responses in horses. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether a prebiotic activity of the SCFP alters the gut microbiome in horses. Racehorses were fed either SCFP (Olimond BB, OLI, n = 6) or placebo pellets (PLA, n = 5) for 43 days. Fecal microbiota analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The numbers and function of circulating immune cell subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. SCFP supplementation resulted in non-consistent differences in fecal microbiota between the PLA and OLI during the feeding period. Rather, the individual animal had the highest impact on fecal microbiota composition. OLI and PLA horses displayed the same changes in numbers of blood leukocyte subpopulations over time. One day after a booster vaccination against equine influenza during the feeding period, the alpha diversity of fecal microbiota of PLA horses was significantly higher compared to OLI horses. This suggests that SCFP feeding altered the vaccination-induced spectrum of released mediators, potentially affecting gut microbiota. The overall non-consistent findings argue against a strong prebiotic effect of Olimond BB on the microbiota in racehorses. Fecal microbiota differences between the groups were also noticed outside the feeding period and, hence, are most likely not caused by the SCFP additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lucassen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Julia Hankel
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (C.V.)
| | | | - Lisa Osbelt
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.O.); (T.S.)
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.O.); (T.S.)
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-7921
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Focková V, Styková E, Simonová MP, Maďar M, Kačírová J, Lauková A. Horses as a source of bioactive fecal strains Enterococcus mundtii. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:739-747. [PMID: 35147847 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocin-producing bacteria with probiotic character are known as nutritional supplements mainly for livestock. Among those beneficial bacteria we also found enterococci. Because the species strains Enterococcus mundtii also can produce bacteriocins, this study was focused on fecal strains E. mundtii from horses and their bioactivity with a view to their possible future use in breeding. Rectal removal from 47 horses (40 mares and 7 stallions), the Norik breed from Muráň were sampled in eastern Slovakia during November 2019 year. Horses age ranged from five months up to 23 years. Using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequences analysis, 14 strains were allotted to the species E. mundtii. Bacteriocin substances produced by the strains EMKD 38/1, EMKD 40/2, EMKD 34/2 and EMKD 41/3 showed inhibitory activity against the most susceptible (principal) indicator strain Enterococcus avium EA5 and against listeriae as well (inhibitory activity from 100 up to 1 600 AU/mL). Only strain EMKD 41/3 possess Ent P and Mundticin KS genes and showed the broadest inhibitory activity. Ent B gene possessing strain EMKD 24/1 inhibited a growth of only indicator strain EA5. Identified E. mundtii tolerate low pH 3 and oxgall/bile. They were hemolysis, gelatinase and DNase negative and mostly susceptible to clinical antibiotics which are properties requested for application potential of strain. Substance from the strain with the broadest antimicrobial spectrum showed its practical/application potential, e.g. for optimizing the host microbiota which is important regarding the maintenance of animal`s health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Focková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - E Styková
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Pogány Simonová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Maďar
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Kačírová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia
| | - A Lauková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
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Goodman-Davis R, Figurska M, Cywinska A. Gut Microbiota Manipulation in Foals-Naturopathic Diarrhea Management, or Unsubstantiated Folly? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091137. [PMID: 34578169 PMCID: PMC8467620 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea in foals is a problem of significant clinical and economic consequence, and there are good reasons to believe microbiota manipulation can play an important role in its management. However, given the dynamic development of the foal microbiota and its importance in health and disease, any prophylactic or therapeutic efforts to alter its composition should be evidence based. The few clinical trials of probiotic preparations conducted in foals to date show underwhelming evidence of efficacy and a demonstrated potential to aggravate rather than mitigate diarrhea. Furthermore, recent studies have affirmed that variable but universally inadequate quality control of probiotics enables inadvertent administration of toxin-producing or otherwise pathogenic bacterial strains, as well as strains bearing transferrable antimicrobial resistance genes. Consequently, it seems advisable to approach probiotic therapy in particular with caution for the time being. While prebiotics show initial promise, an even greater scarcity of clinical trials makes it impossible to weigh the pros and cons of their use. Advancing technology will surely continue to enable more detailed and accurate mapping of the equine adult and juvenile microbiota and potentially elucidate the complexities of causation in dysbiosis and disease. In the meantime, fecal microbiota transplantation may be an attractive therapeutic shortcut, allowing practitioners to reconstruct a healthy microbiota even without fully understanding its constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Goodman-Davis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (R.G.-D.); (M.F.)
- The Scientific Society of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marianna Figurska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (R.G.-D.); (M.F.)
| | - Anna Cywinska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Wright S. Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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