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Cai C, Xie L, Xing J, Lu T, Qi X, Li L, Chen X, Akhtar MF, Jin Y, Liu G. Effects of concentrate feeding sequence on VFA production, and cecal microbiota of Dezhou donkeys by metagenomic technology. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1401980. [PMID: 38895717 PMCID: PMC11183499 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1401980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms residing in the cecum of donkeys are crucial for physiological processes, nutrient metabolism, and immune function. Feeding methods can affect the dynamic balance of animal gut microbiota, thereby affecting indicators such as volatile fatty acids. This study explores suitable feeding methods to promote actual production by changing the feeding order of concentrate. Fifteen Dezhou donkeys with similar age and weight profiles were randomly divided into three groups with the concentrate feeding sequence: fiber-to-concentrate (FC), concentrate-to-fiber (CF), and total mixed ration (TMR). The experiment spanned a duration of 82 days. The analyses conducted were primarily aimed at determining the effects of feeding on gut microbes, primarily using metagenomic sequencing techniques. The experimental findings revealed that the levels of valeric acid were notably higher in the CF and TMR groups compared to the FC group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the feeding sequence exerts a certain impact on the microbial composition within the cecum of Dezhou donkeys. At the phylum level, the predominant microbiota consisted of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, with the CF group displaying a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes compared to both the FC and TMR groups. At the genus level, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Fibrobacter were the dominant bacterial genera identified in cecum. The functional gene annotation analysis indicated a significantly lower abundance of lacZ (K01190), Por/nifJ (K03737), and ppdK (K01006) genes in CF group relative to the FC and TMR groups (p < 0.05), highlighting their roles in galactose metabolism and glycolysis, respectively. Moreover, the CF group exhibited a higher concentration of antibiotic resistance genes (tetO and tet44) in the gut microbiota compared to the TMR and FC groups (p < 0.05), underscoring the presence of numerous antibiotic resistance genes within the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. In conclusion, different precision feed sequences significantly impact the levels of volatile fatty acids in Dezhou fattening donkeys, modify the composition and functional genes of the cecal microbiota, and elucidate the microbial mechanisms influenced by the feeding sequence on the growth and metabolism. These insights are anticipated to provide a foundation for the rational design of precision feed sequences in practical agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Cai
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of BlackDonkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lan Xie
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of BlackDonkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jingya Xing
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Lu
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of BlackDonkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xingzhen Qi
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of BlackDonkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lanjie Li
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of BlackDonkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
- Office of International Programs, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of BlackDonkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
| | - Muhammad Faheem Akhtar
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of BlackDonkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yaqian Jin
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of BlackDonkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of BlackDonkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
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Ma X, Li J, Yang L, Liu H, Zhu Y, Ren H, Yu F, Liu B. Short Term Effect of Ivermectin on the Bacterial Microbiota from Fecal Samples in Chinchillas ( Chinchilla lanigera). Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020169. [PMID: 36851473 PMCID: PMC9960913 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important role in health of the host animals and the detrimental influence of pharmaceutical treatment on the fecal microbiota receives an increasing concern. The clinical use of ivermectin on chinchillas has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of our study was to assess the influence of ivermectin injection on the fecal bacterial microbiota of chinchillas. A with-in subject, before and after study was performed on 10 clinically healthy chinchillas during a 14-day period, all chinchillas received the same ivermectin treatment, and the microbiota from their fecal samples before and after administration were compared as two experimental groups. Fecal samples were collected on day 0 (before ivermectin administration) and day 14 (post ivermectin administration). Fecal bacterial microbiota was analyzed by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No clinical abnormalities were observed post subcutaneous administration of ivermectin. No significant alteration was found in the abundance and diversity of fecal bacterial microbiota after treatment, but the dominant position of some bacterial species changed. In conclusion, ivermectin administration was associated with minimal alternations of the fecal bacterial microbiota in healthy chinchillas, and these changes had no observed negative effect on general health of chinchillas in short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Beijing Zhongnongda Veterinary Hospital Co., Ltd.), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luo Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Honglin Ren
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Beijing Zhongnongda Veterinary Hospital Co., Ltd.), Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Beijing Zhongnongda Veterinary Hospital Co., Ltd.), Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (B.L.)
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Xin Q, Chen Y, Chen Q, Wang B, Pan L. Development and application of a fast and efficient CRISPR-based genetic toolkit in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LB1ba02. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:99. [PMID: 35643496 PMCID: PMC9148480 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is generally recognized as food safe (GRAS) microbial host and important enzyme-producing strain in the industry. B.amyloliquefaciens LB1ba02 is a production strain suitable for secreting mesophilic α-amylase in the industry. Nevertheless, due to the low transformation efficiency and restriction-modification system, the development of its CRISPR tool lags far behind other species and strains from the genus Bacillus. This work was undertaken to develop a fast and efficient gene-editing tool in B.amyloliquefaciens LB1ba02.
Results
In this study, we fused the nuclease-deficient mutant Cas9n (D10A) of Cas9 with activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and developed a fast and efficient base editing system for the first time in B. amyloliquefaciens LB1ba02. The system was verified by inactivating the pyrF gene coding orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase and the mutant could grow normally on M9 medium supplemented with 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA) and uridine (U). Our base editing system has a 6nt editing window consisting of an all-in-one temperature-sensitive plasmid that facilitates multiple rounds of genome engineering in B. amyloliquefaciens LB1ba02. The total editing efficiency of this method reached 100% and it achieved simultaneous editing of three loci with an efficiency of 53.3%. In addition, based on the base editing CRISPR/Cas9n-AID system, we also developed a single plasmid CRISPR/Cas9n system suitable for rapid gene knockout and integration. The knockout efficiency for a single gene reached 93%. Finally, we generated 4 genes (aprE, nprE, wprA, and bamHIR) mutant strain, LB1ba02△4. The mutant strain secreted 1.25-fold more α-amylase into the medium than the wild-type strain.
Conclusions
The CRISPR/Cas9n-AID and CRISPR/Cas9n systems developed in this work proved to be a fast and efficient genetic manipulation tool in a restriction-modification system and poorly transformable strain.
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Chen G, Fang Q, Liao Z, Xu C, Liang Z, Liu T, Zhong Q, Wang L, Fang X, Wang J. Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by a Potential Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WF2020. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891091. [PMID: 35620100 PMCID: PMC9127598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation is considered as an attractive method to eliminate exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most toxic mycotoxin that causes great economic losses and brings a serious threat to human and animal health, in food and feed. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WF2020, isolated from naturally fermented pickles, could effectively degrade AFB1 ranging from 1 to 8 μg/ml, and the optimum temperature and pH value were 37–45°C and 8.0, respectively. Moreover, B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 was considered to be a potential probiotic due to the synthesis of active compounds, absence of virulence genes, susceptibility to various antibiotics, and enhanced lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Extracellular enzymes or proteins played a major role in AFB1 degradation mediated by B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 into metabolites with low or no mutagenicity and toxicity to C. elegans. AFB1 degradation by the cell-free supernatant was stable up to 70°C, with an optimal pH of 8.0, and the cell-free supernatant could still degrade AFB1 by 37.16% after boiling for 20 min. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 caused a slight defect in fungal growth and completely inhibited AFB1 production when co-incubated with Aspergillus flavus. Additionally, B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 suppressed the expression of 10 aflatoxin pathway genes and 2 transcription factors (alfR and alfS), suggesting that B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 might inhibit AFB1 synthesis in A. flavus. These results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 and/or its extracellular enzymes or proteins have a promising potential to be applied in protecting food and feed from AFB1 contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian'an Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunwei Xu
- Guangdong Moyanghua Grains and Oils Co., Ltd., Yangjiang, China
| | - Zhibo Liang
- Guangdong Moyanghua Grains and Oils Co., Ltd., Yangjiang, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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