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Tseng WB, Rau JY, Chiou HC, Tseng WL. Synthesis of gold nanoclusters-loaded lysozyme nanoparticles for ratiometric fluorescent detection of cyanide in tap water, cyanogenic glycoside-containing plants, and soils. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112144. [PMID: 34619120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The modification of protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters with fluorophores has been intensively applied for the ratiometric detection of biomolecules, metal ions, and anions. This study developed a straightforward strategy to prepare lysozyme nanoparticle-encapsulated gold nanoclusters (LysNP-AuNCs) as a dual-emission probe for the ratiometric sensing of cyanide through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) without the conjugation of additional fluorophores. The reduction of gold ion precursors with lysozyme generated lysozyme-stabilized AuNCs under an alkaline pH, which were demonstrated to self-assemble into nanoaggregates during the formation of AuNCs. The aggregated lysozyme molecules on the AuNCs were treated with glutaraldehyde, triggering the conversion of the aggregated lysozymes into blue-emitting lysozyme nanoparticles. As a result, the AuNCs were well distributed inside a single lysozyme nanoparticle, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. The presence of cyanide triggered the etching of the AuNCs in the LysNP-AuNCs, leading to the suppression of FRET from lysozyme nanoparticle to AuNCs. The LysNP-AuNC probe was implemented for FRET detection of cyanide with a linear range of 3-100 μM. Additionally, the selectivity of the LysNP-AuNC probe for cyanide toward other anions was remarkably high. The practicality of the proposed probe was evaluated by quantifying cyanide in tap water and soils and monitoring the liberation of hydrogen cyanide from cyanogenic glycoside-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Tseng
- College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, China.
| | - Jui-Yeh Rau
- College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, China
| | - Hung-Chi Chiou
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
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2
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O'Brien GM, Lim BJ, Ong YL, Toh KH, Sim CS, Koh R. Cyanogenic potential of randomly sampled fresh and processed cassava on retail sale in Singapore. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M. O'Brien
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sports Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Boon Jin Lim
- MOH Holdings Pte Ltd 1 Maritime Square Singapore 099253 Singapore
| | - Yi Lin Ong
- National Cancer Centre Singapore 11 Hospital Crescent Singapore 169610 Singapore
| | - Kian Han Toh
- Singapore Food Agency 52 Jurong Gateway Road #13‐01 Singapore 608550 Singapore
| | - Cong Shan Sim
- Singapore Food Agency 52 Jurong Gateway Road #13‐01 Singapore 608550 Singapore
| | - Rose Koh
- Ministry of Defence HQ 303 Gombak Drive, MINDEF Building Singapore 669645 Singapore
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3
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Boakye Peprah B, Parkes EY, Harrison OA, van Biljon A, Steiner-Asiedu M, Labuschagne MT. Proximate Composition, Cyanide Content, and Carotenoid Retention after Boiling of Provitamin A-Rich Cassava Grown in Ghana. Foods 2020; 9:E1800. [PMID: 33291541 PMCID: PMC7761888 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofortified yellow-fleshed cassava is important in countries with high cassava consumption, to improve the vitamin A status of their populations. Yellow- and white-fleshed cassava were evaluated over three locations for proximate composition and cyanide content as well as retention of carotenoids after boiling. There was significant variation in the crude fiber, fat, protein and ash content of the genotypes. All but one of the yellow-fleshed cassava genotypes recorded higher protein values than the white-fleshed local genotypes across locations. The cyanide content of the genotypes varied between locations but was within the range of sweet cassava genotypes, but above the maximum acceptable recommended limit. Micronutrient retention is important in biofortified crops because a loss of micronutrients during processing and cooking reduces the nutritional value of biofortified foods. Total carotenoid content (TCC) ranged from 1.18-18.81 μg.g-1 and 1.01-13.36 μg.g-1 (fresh weight basis) for fresh and boiled cassava, respectively. All the yellow-fleshed cassava genotypes recorded higher TCC values in both the fresh and boiled state than the white-fleshed genotypes used as checks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Boakye Peprah
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (B.B.P.); (A.v.B.)
- CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi 03220, Ghana
| | | | - Obed A. Harrison
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra 23321, Ghana; (O.A.H.); (M.S.-A.)
| | - Angeline van Biljon
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (B.B.P.); (A.v.B.)
| | - Matilda Steiner-Asiedu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra 23321, Ghana; (O.A.H.); (M.S.-A.)
| | - Maryke T. Labuschagne
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (B.B.P.); (A.v.B.)
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Imakumbili MLE, Semu E, Semoka JMR, Abass A, Mkamilo G. Farmers' perceptions on the causes of cassava root bitterness: A case of konzo-affected Mtwara region, Tanzania. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215527. [PMID: 30998724 PMCID: PMC6472768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In areas where konzo (a cassava cyanide related paralytic disorder) persists, the agronomic factors causing increased cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava, during periods without water stress, are hardly known. However, through their assessment of cassava root toxicity, using its bitter taste, farmers may have noticed factors unrelated to water stress that additionally influence the cyanogenic glucoside content of cassava cultivated in these areas. Increased cassava root bitterness is often associated with an increase in cyanogenic glucoside levels, making it a good indicator of changes in root cyanogenic glucoside content. Bitter cassava varieties that are preferentially planted by people living in most konzo-affected areas, are an additional known contributor to high cyanogenic glucosides. It is water stress that further increases the inherent toxicity of the planted bitter cassava varieties. Using konzo-affected Mtwara region in Tanzania as a case study, a household survey was carried out to identify the overlooked agronomic factors that additionally influence cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava cultivated in konzo-affected areas. A total of 120 farmers were interviewed and they mentioned a number of factors unrelated to water stress, as agronomic factors that influenced cassava root bitterness and hence cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava. The mentioned factors included; certain soil characteristics (14.2%), plant age at harvest (7.5%), poor weeding (0.8%), piecemeal harvesting (0.8%), and branch pruning (0.8%). The revealed factors constitute permanent environmental characteristics and crop management practices commonly used by farmers living in konzo-affected Mtwara region in Tanzania. The revealed factors could be contributing to increased cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava, during periods without water stress in areas where konzo persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matema L. E. Imakumbili
- Department of Soils and Geological Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ernest Semu
- Department of Soils and Geological Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Johnson M. R. Semoka
- Department of Soils and Geological Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Adebayo Abass
- The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Geoffrey Mkamilo
- Roots and Tubers Department, Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, Mtwara, Tanzania
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5
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, Del Mazo J, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Leblanc JC, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Benford D, Brimer L, Mancini FR, Metzler M, Viviani B, Altieri A, Arcella D, Steinkellner H, Schwerdtle T. Evaluation of the health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in foods other than raw apricot kernels. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05662. [PMID: 32626287 PMCID: PMC7009189 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) published a scientific opinion on the acute health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) in raw apricot kernels in which an acute reference dose (ARfD) of 20 μg/kg body weight (bw) was established for cyanide (CN). In the present opinion, the CONTAM Panel concluded that this ARfD is applicable for acute effects of CN regardless the dietary source. To account for differences in cyanide bioavailability after ingestion of certain food items, specific factors were used. Estimated mean acute dietary exposures to cyanide from foods containing CNGs did not exceed the ARfD in any age group. At the 95th percentile, the ARfD was exceeded up to about 2.5‐fold in some surveys for children and adolescent age groups. The main contributors to exposures were biscuits, juice or nectar and pastries and cakes that could potentially contain CNGs. Taking into account the conservatism in the exposure assessment and in derivation of the ARfD, it is unlikely that this estimated exceedance would result in adverse effects. The limited data from animal and human studies do not allow the derivation of a chronic health‐based guidance value (HBGV) for cyanide, and thus, chronic risks could not be assessed. This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1601/full
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Guira F, Some K, Kabore D, Sawadogo-Lingani H, Traore Y, Savadogo A. Origins, production, and utilization of cassava in Burkina Faso, a contribution of a neglected crop to household food security. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 5:415-423. [PMID: 28572925 PMCID: PMC5448348 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a food plant introduced in Africa from America by the Portuguese in 1558. The objective of this study is to establish cassava origins, production, and utilization in Burkina Faso. The investigation was carried out in the regions of Center West, Cascades, Boucle du Mouhoun, Hauts Bassins, South West, and Center East of Burkina Faso. Eighteen cassava processing units and 226 farmers in 57 communities from the selected regions have been involved in the survey. The investigation showed that cassava was introduced to Burkina Faso, former Upper Volta from the costal countries, Gold Coast (now Ghana), by both local traders and the Roman Catholic White missionaries. This happened between the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The main variety introduced was Banfti. Some improved varieties like V5 (94/0270), Banké (V2), 68.61, 30572, KTMA developed by research are now available and used by farmers along with the traditional varieties like manchien, santidougou, tchinda yaar, léo. The cases of intoxication evoked by some farmers are evidence that some of those varieties may have a high level of cyanohydric acid content. Cassava is available all the year throughout the country. But the top of cassava production is reached in July. Most of the small‐scale farmers (98%) grow cassava both for household use and as income generator. About 83.92% of cassava farmers have less than 10 tons as annual production and only 1.72% of them can produce more than 100 tons. The main food products based on cassava found in communities are raw roots, boiled roots, roasted roots, tô, attiéké, tapioca, ragout, beignets, boiled leaves, soup (with leaves), cassava juice, etc. And the main cassava‐processed products in the processing units are attiéké, gari, tapioca, and flour. Cassava contributes greatly to household food security during food shortage period. It sustains families for weeks as food and is also exchanged with other foods or sold to buy food or meet household needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flibert Guira
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology (LabIA); Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology University Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO
| | - Koussao Some
- National Institute of Environment and Agriculture Research (INERA/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - Donatien Kabore
- Laboratory of Microbiology Food Technology Department (DTA/IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | | | - Yves Traore
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology (LabIA); Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology University Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO
| | - Aly Savadogo
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology (LabIA); Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology University Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO
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7
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Wang L, Zheng J, Yang S, Wu C, Liu C, Xiao Y, Li Y, Qing Z, Yang R. Two-Photon Sensing and Imaging of Endogenous Biological Cyanide in Plant Tissues Using Graphene Quantum Dot/Gold Nanoparticle Conjugate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19509-19515. [PMID: 26264405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One main source of cyanide (CN(-)) exposure for mammals is through the plant consumption, and thus, sensitive and selective CN(-) detection in plants tissue is a significant and urgent work. Although various fluorescence probes have been reported for CN(-) in water and mammalian cells, the detection of endogenous biological CN(-) in plant tissue remains to be explored due to the high background signal and large thickness of plant tissue that hamper the effective application of traditional one-photo excitation. To address these issues, we developed a new two-photo excitation (TPE) nanosensor using graphene quantum dots (GQDs)/gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) conjugate for sensing and imaging endogenous biological CN(-). With the benefit of the high quenching efficiency of AuNPs and excellent two-photon properties of GQDs, our sensing system can achieve a low detection limit of 0.52 μM and deeper penetration depth (about 400 μm) without interference from background signals of a complex biological environment, thus realizing sensing and imaging of CN(-) in different types of plant tissues and even monitoring CN(-) removal in food processing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time for fluorescent sensing and imaging of CN(-) in plant tissues. Moreover, our design also provides a new model scheme for the development of two-photon fluorescent nanomaterial, which is expected to hold great potential for food processing and safety testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha 410004, China
| | - Cuichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhihe Qing
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha 410004, China
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8
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Oluwole OSA. Cyclical konzo epidemics and climate variability. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:371-80. [PMID: 25523348 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Konzo epidemics have occurred during droughts in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) for >70 years, but also in Mozambique, Tanzania, and the Central African Republic. The illness is attributed to exposure to cyanide from cassava foods, on which the population depends almost exclusively during droughts. Production of cassava, a drought-resistant crop, has been shown to correlate with cyclical changes in precipitation in konzo-affected countries. Here we review the epidemiology of konzo as well as models of its pathogenesis. A spectral analysis of precipitation and konzo is performed to determine whether konzo epidemics are cyclical and whether there is spectral coherence. Time series of environmental temperature, precipitation, and konzo show cyclical changes. Periodicities of dominant frequencies in the spectra of precipitation and konzo range from 3 to 6 years in DR Congo. There is coherence of the spectra of precipitation and konzo. The magnitude squared coherence of 0.9 indicates a strong relationship between variability of climate and konzo epidemics. Thus, it appears that low precipitation phases of climate variability reduce the yield of food crops except cassava, upon which the population depends for supply of calories during droughts. Presence of very high concentrations of thiocyanate (SCN(-) ), the major metabolite of cyanide, in the bodily fluids of konzo subjects is a consequence of dietary exposure to cyanide, which follows intake of poorly processed cassava roots. Because cyanogens and minor metabolites of cyanide have not induced konzo-like illnesses, SCN(-) remains the most likely neurotoxicant of konzo. Public health control of konzo will require food and water programs during droughts. [Correction added on 26 February 2015, after first online publication: abstract reformatted per journal style]
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9
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Agarwalla H, Gangopadhyay M, Sharma DK, Basu SK, Jadhav S, Chowdhury A, Das A. Fluorescent probes for the detection of cyanide ions in aqueous medium: cellular uptake and assay for β-glucosidase and hydroxynitrile lyase. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:9148-9156. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01853f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A chemodosimetric reagent for specific detection of cyanide species and its possible use in imaging applications as well as assay development for important enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridesh Agarwalla
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | | | | | - Santanu Kumar Basu
- Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
| | - Sameer Jadhav
- Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
| | - Arindam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
| | - Amitava Das
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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10
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Soselisa HL, Ellen R. The management of cassava toxicity and its changing sociocultural context in the Kei Islands, eastern Indonesia. Ecol Food Nutr 2014; 52:427-50. [PMID: 23927047 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2012.751913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Over a period of 150 years the Kei Islands have undergone environmental change, from rainforest to dryland savanna woodland. This has been accompanied by a shift in starch staple from sago, tubers, and grain to cassava. We show how this has been an effective ecological adaptation with social ramifications, not least the adoption of bitter cassava as a cultural identity marker. One of the problems of bitter cassava diets where people have become dependent upon them in poor parts of the Old World tropics are the effects of toxicity. We show how through a combination of factors and strategies this has not been a major issue in the Kei Islands, and how through a government-assisted agricultural project, attempts are being made to build upon this successful transition. The viability of present trends are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermien L Soselisa
- Universitas Pattimura, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia
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11
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van Rijssen FWJ, Morris EJ, Eloff JN. Food safety: importance of composition for assessing genetically modified cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8333-8339. [PMID: 23899040 DOI: 10.1021/jf401153x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The importance of food composition in safety assessments of genetically modified (GM) food is described for cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) that naturally contains significantly high levels of cyanogenic glycoside (CG) toxicants in roots and leaves. The assessment of the safety of GM cassava would logically require comparison with a non-GM crop with a proven "history of safe use". This study investigates this statement for cassava. A non-GM comparator that qualifies would be a processed product with CG level below the approved maximum level in food and that also satisfies a "worst case" of total dietary consumption. Although acute and chronic toxicity benchmark CG values for humans have been determined, intake data are scarce. Therefore, the non-GM cassava comparator is defined on the "best available knowledge". We consider nutritional values for cassava and conclude that CG residues in food should be a priority topic for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrika W Jansen van Rijssen
- Phytomedicine Program, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria , Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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12
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Oso AO, Akapo O, Sanwo KA, Bamgbose AM. Utilization of unpeeled cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root meal supplemented with or without charcoal by broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:431-8. [PMID: 23721067 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 42-day feeding trial was conducted using 480-day-old, male Marshall broilers to study the utilization of unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM) supplemented with or without 6 g/kg charcoal. The experimental design was laid out in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments having three inclusion levels of UCRM (0, 100 and 200 g/kg) with or without 6 g/kg charcoal supplementation. Each treatment consisted of 80 birds replicated eight times with 10 birds per replicate. Main effect of inclusion level of UCRM and supplementation of charcoal showed reduced (p < 0.05) final live weight, weight gain, feed intake and apparent crude protein digestibility of the birds with increasing inclusion levels of UCRM. Birds fed diets supplemented with charcoal showed higher (p < 0.05) final live weight, weight gain and feed intake than birds fed diets without charcoal. Supplementation of charcoal in diet containing 100 g/kg UCRM resulted in improved (p < 0.05) weight gain when compared with birds fed similar diet but not supplemented with charcoal. Broilers fed diet containing no UCRM but supplemented with charcoal had the highest overall (p < 0.05) final live weight and weight gain, while birds fed diet containing 200 g/kg UCRM supplemented with charcoal recorded the poorest (p < 0.05) final live weight and weight gain. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum thiocyanate concentration increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary inclusion levels of UCRM. Dietary supplementation of charcoal resulted in increased (p < 0.05) concentration of serum glucose and cholesterol and reduced (p < 0.05) SGOT concentration. Birds fed diets containing UCRM had high (p < 0.05) serum thiocyanate concentration irrespective of dietary supplementation or not with 6 g/kg charcoal. In conclusion, supplementation of diet containing up to 100 g/kg UCRM with 6 g/kg charcoal showed improved weight gain without any deleterious effect on serum metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Oso
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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13
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O'Brien GM, Weir RR, Moody K, Liu PWS. Cyanogenic potential of fresh and frozen cassava on retail sale in three Irish cities: a snapshot survey. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M. O'Brien
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health (NICHE); University of Ulster; Coleraine; UK
| | - Ruth R. Weir
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health (NICHE); University of Ulster; Coleraine; UK
| | - Kirsty Moody
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health (NICHE); University of Ulster; Coleraine; UK
| | - Phoebe W. S. Liu
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health (NICHE); University of Ulster; Coleraine; UK
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14
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Franck H, Christian M, Noël A, Brigitte P, Joseph HD, Cornet D, Mathurin NC. Effects of cultivar and harvesting conditions (age, season) on the texture and taste of boiled cassava roots. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Männel-Croisé C, Probst B, Zelder F. A straightforward method for the colorimetric detection of endogenous biological cyanide. Anal Chem 2010; 81:9493-8. [PMID: 19842647 DOI: 10.1021/ac901977u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corrin-based chemosensors allow the rapid and selective colorimetric detection of endogenous biological cyanide. The color change from orange to violet can be easily observed with the "naked eye" (Deltalambda(max) = 51 nm). The methodology works directly in the biological matrix without time-consuming sample pretreatment and the use of special reaction conditions. It was possible to study the enzymatic release of cyanide from its biological precursor linamarin with diffuse reflectance UV-visible (DRUV-vis) spectroscopy on a freshly prepared biological surface. These experiments were accompanied by stopped-flow kinetic measurements under homogeneous conditions. Detection in the biological sample is based on the selective coordination of cyanide to the metal-based chemosensor as proven by UV-vis and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Examples of applications during food manufacturing are given.
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