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Lijalem YG, Gab-Allah MA, Yu H, Choi K, Kim B. Development of a corn flour certified reference material for the accurate determination of zearalenone. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3173-3183. [PMID: 38568232 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A certified reference material (CRM, KRISS 108-01-002) for zearalenone in corn flour was developed to assure reliable and accurate measurements in testing laboratories. Commercially available corn flour underwent freeze-drying, pulverization, sieving, and homogenization. The final product was packed in amber bottles, approximately 14 g per unit, and preserved at -70 °C. 13C18-Zearalenone was used as an internal standard (IS) for the certification of zearalenone by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC‒MS/MS) and for the analysis of α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, and zearalanone by LC‒MS/MS. The prepared CRM was sufficiently homogeneous, as the among-unit relative standard deviation for each mycotoxin ranged from 2.2 to 5.7 %. Additionally, the stability of the mycotoxins in the CRM was evaluated under different temperature conditions and scheduled test periods, including storage at -70°C, -20°C, and 4°C and room temperature for up to 12 months, 6 months, and 1 month, respectively. The content of each target mycotoxin in the CRM remained stable throughout the monitoring period at each temperature. Zearalenone content (153.6 ± 8.0 µg/kg) was assigned as the certified value. Meanwhile, the contents of α-zearalenol (1.30 ± 0.17 µg/kg), β-zearalenol (4.75 ± 0.33 µg/kg), and zearalanone (2.09 ± 0.16 µg/kg) were provided as informative values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yared Getachew Lijalem
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- National Metrology Institute of Ethiopia, P. O. Box: 5722, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mohamed A Gab-Allah
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Reference Materials Lab, National Institute of Standards, Tersa St, Haram, P. O. Box: 136, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hyeonwoo Yu
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Kihwan Choi
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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Lee S, Baek SY, Han J, Lee J. Development of a certified reference material for the accurate analysis of the acrylamide content in infant formula. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04779-4. [PMID: 37269307 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A certified reference material (CRM), KRISS CRM 108-02-006, was developed for the accurate analysis of low levels of acrylamide in infant formula matrices. The CRM is an infant formula fortified with acrylamide at a similar level as that stipulated by the European Union regulation for baby food. Commercially available infant formulas were processed by freeze-drying, and the subsequent homogenization of the fortified material to produce 961 bottles of the CRM in one batch. The CRM bottles containing approximately 15 g of the material in each unit were stored in a storage room at - 70 ℃. High-purity acrylamide was used as the primary reference material, and its purity was assessed using an in-house mass-balance method to obtain results metrologically traceable to the International System of Units. The acrylamide content of the infant formula CRM was evaluated using isotope dilution-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as a reference method, which was established by our research group. An acrylamide content of 55.7 ± 2.1 μg/kg was assigned as the certified value of the CRM with the expanded uncertainty at a 95% confidence level. The homogeneity study showed good uniformity of the acrylamide content among units, providing a relative standard deviation of 1.2% of the mean value. A stability study was also performed by monitoring the CRM under different temperature conditions and periods. The stability results indicated that the acrylamide content in the CRM under the storage conditions of - 70 ℃ remained stable for up to 10 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Lee
- Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Deajeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song-Yee Baek
- Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Deajeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Han
- Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Deajeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Deajeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Development of a certified reference material for the accurate determination of type B trichothecenes in corn. Food Chem 2023; 404:134542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hyung SW, Lee S, Han J, Lee J, Beak SY, Kim B, Choi K, Ahn S. Highly sensitive analytical method for the accurate determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid monoglutamate in various volumes of human plasma using isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122725. [PMID: 34311437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One predominant and bioactive folate vitamer circulating in the blood is 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF). In this study, a method for the accurate determination of 5-Me-THF in human plasma samples of various volumes was established using isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID-UPLC-MS). For this purpose, 500 μL of homogeneous human plasma was initially employed, and the 5-Me-THF and the 13C5-5-Me-THF standard solutions prepared using 1% ascorbic acid in water gave the calibration solution and spiking sample. The desired amount of 13C5-5-Me-THF standard solution was spiked into the sample followed by sample pretreatment. The method was validated for its repeatability, reproducibility, recovery, and limits of detection and quantification. Subsequently, it was applied to smaller volumes of human plasma samples (i.e., 50 and 10 μL), the results of which corresponded well with those obtained using 500 μL. The feasibility of the method was further confirmed using 10 μL of a standard reference material, SRM 3949, which is a human serum sample containing three different levels of 5-Me-THF. The established ID-UPLC-MS method was successfully applied to various volumes of human plasma or serum ranging from 500 to 10 μL, which exhibited particularly good sensitivity in addition to reliable results for the quantification of 5-Me-THF. Our method therefore expands on the ability to obtain accurate quantitative results for 5-Me-THF using small volumes of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Won Hyung
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Han
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yee Beak
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwhan Choi
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghee Ahn
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Hyung SW, Kim B. Bias reduction in the quantitative analysis of a target analyte present in a limited quantity in human plasma using dual-mode heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4831. [PMID: 32181511 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dual-mode heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography (DMHC 2D-LC) was applied to isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) to reduce the bias in the quantitative analysis of a target analyte present in a limited quantity in human plasma. Based on a Waters I-Class LC system, the DMHC 2D-LC system was operated in one- and two-dimensional modes to facilitate the determination of heart-cutting time and the efficient trapping of the target LC eluate. Experiments to determine the feasibility of coupling with IDMS were performed with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using folic acid standards and/or 13 C5 -folic acid. To validate the performance of the DMHC 2D-LC/IDMS system on a complex sample, human plasma was analyzed for folic acid and the result was compared with that obtained using conventional single-column LC. The total run time of the DMHC 2D-LC system was 20 min, the same as that of the single-column LC system. The peak profile of the spiked 13 C5 -folic acid obtained with single-column LC/MS was affected by matrix effects, but resolved with DMHC 2D-LC/MS, thus improving the accuracy of the analysis. The DMHC 2D-LC/IDMS system showed reliable performance in analyzing the target analyte in human plasma, eliminating matrix effects and saving analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Won Hyung
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
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Yang M, Liu F, Wang M, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wang T. Development of a whole liquid egg certified reference material for accurate measurement of enrofloxacin residue. Food Chem 2020; 309:125253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Lee J, Kim B, Lee SY, Choi J, Kang D, Lee H, Choi K, Lee H, Sim HJ, Baek SY, Lee H, Hyung SW, Ahn S, Seo D, Hwang J, Park JS, Kwak BM, Won J. Development of an infant formula certified reference material for the analysis of organic nutrients. Food Chem 2019; 298:125088. [PMID: 31260987 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infant formula certified reference material (CRM, KRISS CRM 108-02-003) were developed for the analysis of organic nutrients. The CRM is a milk-based infant formula powder, packaged at 14 g per unit. Ten thousand units were prepared and stored at -70 °C. For the certification of each nutrient, ten units were analyzed for simultaneous value-assignment and homogeneity test. Analytical methods used were isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC/MS) or gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC/MS) as higher-order reference methods.13 vitamins, 3 fatty acids, and total cholesterol were certified. The between-unit relative standard deviation of measurement results for each nutrient ranged 0.2% to 2.5%, showing very good homogeneity. The expanded relative uncertainties of the certified values ranged from 1% to 8%, indicating that they have higher-order metrological quality. The values of proximates (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, water, and ash) were assigned through inter-laboratory comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhee Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongoh Choi
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwasim Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - KiHwan Choi
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yee Baek
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Honghee Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Won Hyung
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghee Ahn
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Seo
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Hwang
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Park
- Food Safety Center, Namyang Dairy Products Company, Sejong 30055, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Man Kwak
- Food Safety Center, Namyang Dairy Products Company, Sejong 30055, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongeun Won
- Food Safety Center, Namyang Dairy Products Company, Sejong 30055, Republic of Korea
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Olivares I, Souza G, Nogueira A, Toledo G, Marcki D. Trends in developments of certified reference materials for chemical analysis - Focus on food, water, soil, and sediment matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hyung SW, Lee J, Seo HY, Kim B. Quantification of Folic Acid in Human Serum Using Isotope Dilution Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Won Hyung
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology; Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science; Daejeon 34113 South Korea
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology; Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science; Daejeon 34113 South Korea
| | - Hye-Young Seo
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center; World Institute of Kimchi; Gwangju 61755 South Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology; Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science; Daejeon 34113 South Korea
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Development of certified reference materials for accurate determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in chicken meat. Food Chem 2017; 229:472-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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