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Matos WO, da Silva FLF, Sinaviwat S, Menzies EJ, Raab A, Krupp EM, Feldmann J. Wild shrimp have an order of magnitude higher arsenic concentrations than farmed shrimp from Brazil illustrating the need for a regulation based on inorganic arsenic. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126968. [PMID: 35259617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shrimp is a worldwide food commodity, it is a source of several nutrients and vitamins; however, this food is one of the major sources of arsenic for humans. Legislation around the world set limits for the concentration of this element in crustaceans but is mainly concerned with total analysis. Although, arsenic species have different toxicities and total analysis could be ineffective for making decisions about food security. METHODS Samples of wild (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis) and farmed shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) from NE Brazil were fractionated in subsamples of carapace, muscle tissue and viscera. The whole shrimp as well as the animal tissue fractions were decomposed using microwave digestion and total arsenic was analyzed by mass spectrometry inductively coupled plasm (ICP-MS). The water-soluble arsenic species were extracted, and the extract was carried for speciation analysis using HPLC-ICP-MS with an anionic and cationic column. RESULTS Total As in wild shrimp samples exceeded Brazilian and USA food legislation by one order of magnitude, with concentrations of 11.5 ± 0.5 mg kg-1, while farmed shrimp had significantly lower total arsenic levels (0.53 ± 0.09 mg kg-1). More than 60% of the As was in the edible fraction in the wild shrimp, while in farmed shrimp this was less than 50%. The speciation analysis showed that arsenobetaine (AsB) was the predominant As form and iAs was below the Chinese legislation levels (iAs <0.50 mg kg-1) for shrimp in both species. CONCLUSION The arsenic uptake in wild and farmed shrimp was discussed and some differences were found related to feed and salinity. About legislation, it has been concluded that most food legislations that consider only tAs are not appropriate to assess the toxicity of As in seafood. It is necessary to update the legislation of food control agencies to insert As speciation analysis in their protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladiana O Matos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Francisco L F da Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Savarin Sinaviwat
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Emma J Menzies
- TESLA - Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Raab
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK; TESLA - Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Krupp
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK; TESLA - Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Cora Jofre F, Larregui DN, Murcia VN, Pacheco P, Savio M. Infrared assisted digestion used as a simple green sample preparation method for nutrient analysis of animal feed by microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 231:122376. [PMID: 33965040 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on green analytical chemistry principles it is important to evolve procedures that convert solid samples into solutions without using excessive reagent quantities, energy, temperature, and avoiding waste generation. To reach this aim, a simple infrared assisted digestion (IRAD) method for animal feed analysis was proposed. Infrared radiation (IR) with 2 mL of HNO3 and 2 mL of H2O2 were assessed, presenting low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and residual acidity (RA) in the final digest, being fully compatible with microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MIP OES). Calcium, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Sr and Zn were determined in reference materials and in animal feeds. Limits of quantification were between 2.52 and 284 mg kg-1 for Ca and P respectively. Recovery values ranged 80-120%, with relative standard deviations (RSD%) under 8%. The friendliness offered by the IRAD MIP OES method was evaluated by two green indexes. Concentrations in feedstuffs were compared with National Research Council (NRC) recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cora Jofre
- Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, L6300XAI, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Mendoza 109, L6302EPA, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
| | - Daiana Natalí Larregui
- Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, L6300XAI, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Vanina Nerea Murcia
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) Anguil, Ruta Nacional N.o 5, Km 580 (6326), La Pampa, Argentina; Producción Animal. Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Ruta Nacional N 35 Km 334, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Pablo Pacheco
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Chacabuco y Pedernera, Ciudad de San Luis, 5700, Argentina
| | - Marianela Savio
- Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, L6300XAI, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Mendoza 109, L6302EPA, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
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Cora Jofre F, Larregui DN, Savio M. An eco-friendly infrared method for rapid soil sample preparation for multielemental determination by microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhou F, Ren X, Du S. Direct Evaluation of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine with Wide Concentration Range in Wastewater by Ion Chromatography. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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