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High natural bromine concentrations in organic Brazil Nuts from Bolivia. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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da Silva Junior EC, de Oliveira Wadt LH, da Silva KE, de Lima RMB, Batista KD, Guedes MC, de Oliveira Junior RC, Dos Reis AR, Lopes G, Broadley MR, Young SD, Guilherme LRG. Geochemistry of selenium, barium, and iodine in representative soils of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154426. [PMID: 35278548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest is a heterogeneous ecosystem and its soils exhibit geographically variable concentrations of trace elements. In this region, anthropic activities - e.g., agriculture and mining - are numerous and varied, and even natural areas are at risk of contamination by trace elements, either of geogenic or anthropogenic origin. A reliable dataset of benchmark values for selenium (Se), barium (Ba), and iodine (I) concentrations in soils is needed for use as a reference in research and public policies in the region. In this study, 9 selected sites in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest within areas represented by Oxisols and Ultisols were assessed for relevant soil physicochemical characteristics, along with the concentrations of total Se (SeTot), total Ba (BaTot), and sequentially-extracted soluble Se (SeSol) and adsorbed Se (SeAd) in 3 different soil layers (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm). In addition, organically bound-Se (SeOrg) and total I (ITot) concentrations in the surface layer (0-20 cm) were measured. Soil Se concentrations (SeTot) were considered safe and are likely a result of contributions of sedimentary deposits from the Andes. Available Se (SeSol + SeAd) accounted for 4.5% of SeTot, on average, while SeOrg in the topsoil accounted for more than 50% of SeTot. Barium in the western Amazon (state of Acre) and central Amazon (Anori, state of Amazonas) exceeded national prevention levels (PVs). Furthermore, the average ITot in the studied topsoils (5.4 mg kg-1) surpassed the worldwide mean. Notwithstanding, the close relationship found between the total content of the elements (Se, Ba, and I) and soil texture (clay, silt, and sand) suggests their geogenic source. Finally, our data regarding SeTot, BaTot, and ITot can be used to derive regional quality reference values for Amazon soils and also for updating prevention (PV) and investigation (IV) values established for selected elements by the Brazilian legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã, SP, CEP 17602-496, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lopes
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Martin R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE125RD, UK
| | - Scott D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE125RD, UK
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