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Martins ACS, Medeiros GKVDV, de Oliveira SPA, de Albuquerque TMR, Sampaio KB, Dos Santos Lima M, do Nascimento YM, da Silva EF, Tavares JF, da Silva MS, de Souza EL, de Oliveira MEG. Unrevealing the in vitro impacts of Cereus jacamaru DC. cladodes flour on potentially probiotic strains, selected bacterial populations, and metabolic activity of human intestinal microbiota. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113658. [PMID: 37981375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential impacts of the flour from Cereus jamacaru cactus cladodes (CJF), a cactus native to the Brazilian Caatinga biome, on the growth and metabolism of different potentially probiotic strains, as well as on the abundance of selected intestinal bacterial populations and microbial metabolic activity during in vitro colonic fermentation with a pooled human fecal inoculum. Cultivation of the probiotics in a medium with C. jamacaru cladodes flour (20 g/L) resulted in viable cell counts of up to 9.8 log CFU/mL, positive prebiotic activity scores (0.73-0.91), decreased pH and sugar contents, and increased lactic, acetic, and propionic acid production over time, indicating enhanced probiotic growth and metabolic activity. CJF overall increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp./Enterococcus spp. (2.12-3.29%) and Bifidobacterium spp. (4.08-4.32%) and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides spp./Prevotella spp. (8.35-6.81%), Clostridium histolyticum (6.91-3.59%), and Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides (7.70-3.95%) during 48 h of an in vitro colonic fermentation using a pooled human fecal inoculum. CJF stimulated the microbial metabolic activity, with decreased pH, sugar consumption, lactic and short-chain fatty acid production, alterations in overall metabolic profiling and phenolic compound contents, and maintenance of high antioxidant capacity during colonic fermentation. These results show that CJF stimulated the growth and metabolic activity of distinct potential probiotics, increased the relative abundance of beneficial intestinal bacterial groups, and stimulated microbial metabolism during in vitro colonic fermentation. Further studies using advanced molecular technologies and in vivo experimental models could forward the investigation of the potential prebiotic properties of CJF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Silveira Martins
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão de Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE 56302-100, Brazil
| | - Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Ferreira da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
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Coronado-Contreras A, Ruelas-Chacón X, Reyes-Acosta YK, Dávila-Medina MD, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Sepúlveda L. Valorization of Prickly Pear Peel Residues ( Opuntia ficus-indica) Using Solid-State Fermentation. Foods 2023; 12:4213. [PMID: 38231671 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Prickly pear peel (Opuntia ficus-indica) residues can be used as a substrate in solid-state fermentation to obtain bioactive compounds. The kinetic growth of some Aspergillus strains was evaluated. A Box-Hunter and Hunter design to evaluate the independent factors was used. These factors were temperature (°C), inoculum (spores/g), humidity (%), pH, NaNO3 (g/L), MgSO4 (g/L), KCl (g/L), and KH2PO4 (g/L). The response factors were the amount of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of fermentation extracts was evaluated. Aspergillus niger strains GH1 and HT3 were the best for accumulating tannins. The humidity, inoculum, and temperature affect the release of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. Treatment 13 (low values for temperature, inoculum, NaNO3, MgSO4; and high values for humidity, pH, KCl, KH2PO4) resulted in 32.9 mg/g of condensed tannins being obtained; while treatment 16 (high values for all the factors evaluated) resulted in 3.5 mg/g of hydrolyzable tannins being obtained. In addition, the fermented extracts showed higher antioxidant activity compared to the unfermented extracts. Treatments 13 and 16 showed low inhibition of E. coli, Alternaria sp., and Botrytis spp. The solid-state fermentation process involving prickly pear peel residues favors the accumulation of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins, with antioxidant and antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xochitl Ruelas-Chacón
- Food Science and Technology Department, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Yadira K Reyes-Acosta
- School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | | | - Juan A Ascacio-Valdés
- School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Sepúlveda
- School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
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Di Napoli M, Badalamenti N, Castagliuolo G, Merra R, Varcamonti M, Zanfardino A, Bruno M, Sottile F. Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. mucilage collected in Sicily, Italy. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37909244 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2272781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work the mucilage obtained from the cladodes of a not previously investigated accession of Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. (syn. Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl) Haw), collected in Sicily, was analysed by 13C-NMR. The yield of mucilage extracted from cladodes in aqueous medium was 2.55%. The monosaccharides identified, after acidic hydrolyses of the mucilage, were arabinose (36.48%), galactose (32.31%), xylose (15.33%), glucose (10.45%) and rhamnose (5.40%). The mucilage showed a sufficient antimicrobial activity and excellent antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Rosalia Merra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sottile
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Architecture, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Platamone G, Procacci S, Maccioni O, Borromeo I, Rossi M, Bacchetta L, Forni C. Arthrobacter sp. Inoculation Improves Cactus Pear Growth, Quality of Fruits, and Nutraceutical Properties of Cladodes. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:266. [PMID: 37400738 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine the effects of a strain of Arthrobacter sp., a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB), on plant phenology and qualitative composition of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruits and cladodes. The strain was inoculated in soil, and its effects on cactus pear plants were detected and compared to nontreated plants. Compared to the latter, the treatment with bacteria promoted an earlier plant sprouting (2 months before the control) and fruitification, ameliorating fruit quality (i.e., improved fresh and dry weight: + 24% and + 26%, respectively, increased total solid content by 30% and polyphenols concentrations by 22%). The quality and quantity of monosaccharides of cladodes were also increased by Arthrobacter sp. with a positive effect on their nutraceutical value. In summer, the mean values of xylose, arabinose, and mannose were significantly higher in treated compared to not treated plants (+ 3.54; + 7.04; + 4.76 mg/kg d.w. respectively). A similar trend was observed in autumn, when the cladodes of inoculated plants had higher contents, i.e., 33% xylose, 65% arabinose, and 40% mannose, respect to the controls. In conclusion, Arthrobacter sp. plays a role in the improvement of nutritional and nutraceutical properties of cactus pear plants due to its capabilities to promote plant growth. Therefore, these results open new perspectives in PGPB application in the agro-farming system as alternative strategy to improve cactus pear growth, yield, and cladodes quality, being the latter the main by-product to be utilized for additional industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Platamone
- PhD School in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - S Procacci
- Bioproducts and Bioprocesses Laboratory, BIOAG Division, SSPT Department, ENEA Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, Italy
| | - O Maccioni
- Bioproducts and Bioprocesses Laboratory, BIOAG Division, SSPT Department, ENEA Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, Italy
| | - I Borromeo
- PhD School in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - M Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Bacchetta
- Bioproducts and Bioprocesses Laboratory, BIOAG Division, SSPT Department, ENEA Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, Italy.
| | - C Forni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
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Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo C, Cosío-Aviles L, López MG, Calvo-Gómez O. Cylindropuntia cholla aqueous root rich in phytosterols enhanced immune response and antimicrobial activity in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:408-418. [PMID: 36265741 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
"Cacti" are rich sources of phytochemicals with antioxidant activity, and their use is mainly focused on infusions in traditional medicine in Mexico. This study characterizes the chemical compounds found in Cylindropuntia cholla root by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and determines the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as their antioxidant capacity. The immunostimulatory effect of aqueous C. cholla root extract (ACcr) was evaluated at concentrations of 50, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL in Tilapia peripheral blood leukocytes. The results obtained by the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoid and phytosterol derivatives as β-sitosterol and campesterol. The determination of the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents indicated that ACcr is abundant in polyphenols, showing an anti-radical capacity of scavenging free radicals, such as those of hydroxyl and superoxide, as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity. Stimulation of tilapia leukocytes resulted in the increase of its phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, nitric oxide production, and superoxide dismutase activity. Finally, the results obtained for the first time allowed establishing the chemical profile of ACcr and its antimicrobial activity against three important pathogenic bacteria. The potential of this root is indicated as an additive in formulating antioxidant and immunostimulant supplements for the aquaculture and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Leticia Cosío-Aviles
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Mercedes G López
- Chemistry of Natural Products Laboratory, Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Octavio Calvo-Gómez
- Chemistry of Natural Products Laboratory, Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
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