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Moon HS, Thiruvengadam M, Chi HY, Kim B, Prabhu S, Chung IM, Kim SH. Comparative study for metabolomics, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking simulation of the newly bred Korean red rice accessions. Food Chem 2024; 458:140277. [PMID: 38970957 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed the metabolite profiles and antioxidant capacities of two waxy and non-waxy Korean red rice accessions newly bred. Fifteen phenolic compounds were detected in the rice samples. Accession1 had high fatty acids, phytosterols, and vitamin E; accession3 had high vitamin E and phytosterol; and accession4 had a high total flavonoid. The correlation analysis findings from this study validated the positive association between all the metabolites and antioxidant activity. in silico results revealed that protocatechuic acid had a docking score of -9.541, followed by luteolin, quercetin, and caffeic acid, all of which had significant docking scores and a significant number of contacts. Similarly, molecular dynamics simulations showed that phytochemicals had root mean square deviation values of <2.8 Å with Keap 1, indicating better stability. This study provides valuable insights into potential directions for future investigations and improvements in the functional qualities of other colored rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Moon
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Youn Chi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Backki Kim
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Srinivasan Prabhu
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, 683104, Kerala, India
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Luo H, Duan M, Xing P, Xie H, Tang X. Foliar application of procyanidins enhanced the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:376. [PMID: 35906561 PMCID: PMC9336028 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procyanidins is a polyphenolic compound with multiple properties. However, the application of exogenous procyanidins in crops has not been reported. Aromatic rice is a high-quality rice with a special aroma and popular with consumers. The 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is a key compound of aromatic rice aroma. In the current study, aromatic rice plants were sprayed with procyanidins solutions at 0.25 (Pr0.25), 0.50 (Pr0.50), 1.00 (Pr1.00), 2.00 (Pr2.00) g L-1, respectively and treatment sprayed with distilled water was taken as control (CK). The effects of exogenous procyanidins on growth and 2-AP biosynthesis of aromatic rice plants were explored. RESULTS Compared with CK, Pr1.00 and Pr2.00 treatments significantly increased 2-AP content by 16.67% and 37.68%, respectively. Higher proline, 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C), 1-pyrroline, methylglyoxal contents, and lower γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA) content were recorded in Pr1.00 and Pr2.00 treatments than CK. Compared with CK, Pr1.00 and Pr2.00 treatments significantly improved the activities of P5CS and OAT and diminished the activity of BADH. Furthermore, compared with CK, Pr1.00 and Pr2.00 treatments significantly up-regulated the transcript levels of P5CS2, P5CR, OAT, DAO4 and down-regulated the transcript levels of BADH2. Exogenous procyanidins had no substantial effects on plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of aromatic rice plants. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings reported the increment of 2-AP content in aromatic rice under exogenous procyanidins. Our results indicated that the application of exogenous procyanidins enhanced 2-AP biosynthesis by improving proline biosynthesis and inhibiting GABA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Aromatic Rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Aromatic Rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pipeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Aromatic Rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huifang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Aromatic Rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Aromatic Rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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